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E. Pearson Environmental Science Chapter 4 Flashcards

Ecosystems and populations

Terms : Hide Images
8243181317ecologyThe study of how organisms interact with each other and their environment0
8243181318speciesgroup of organisms that interbreed and produce fertile offspring1
8243181319populationmembers of a species that live in the same area2
8243181320communityall populations in a specific area3
8243181321ecosystemall living things and their physical environment living in a specific area4
8243181322BiosphereAll parts of planet Earth that host life, with all of its organisms and environments5
8243181323biotic factorPart of an ecosystem that is living or used to be living6
8243181324abiotic factorpart of the ecosystem that has never been alive7
8243181325habitatplace where an organism lives8
8243181326resourceanything an organism needs to survive9
8243181327population sizeThe number of individual organisms in a given population at a given time10
8243181328population densityThe number of individuals within a population per unit area11
8243181329population distributionHow organisms are arranged within an area12
8243181330age structureThe numbers of organisms of each age within a population13
8243181331age structure diagramA visual tool used to show the age structure of populations14
8243181332sex ratioA population's proportion of males to females15
8243181333survivorship curveGraph that shows how the likelihood of death varies with age16
8243181334immigrationThe arrival of individuals from outside a given area17
8243181335emigrationThe departure of individuals from a given area18
8243181336migrationA seasonal movement into and out of an area19
8243181337exponential growthWhen a population increases by a fixed percentage each year20
8243181338limiting factorA characteristic of the environment that limits population growth21
8243181339carrying capacityThe largest population size a given environment can sustainably support22
8243181340logistic growthHow a population's initial exponential increase is slowed and finally stopped by limiting factors23
8243181341density dependent factorA limiting factor whose influence changes with the population density24
8243181342density independent factorA limiting factor whose influence is unaffected by population density25
8243181343biotic potentaialThe maximum ability to produce offspring in ideal conditions26
8243374544What is a population growth rate dependent on?birth rate, death rate, immigration, emigration27
8243416551What are the levels of organization that ecologists study?individuals, populations, community, ecosystems, biosphere28
8243430441What is one way to monitor the overall health of a population?Tracking how its size changes29
8243452722What are three ways that populations can be distributed?random, uniform, clumped30
8243478447What two things can regulate a populations growth?limiting factors and biotic potential31
8243505386What are two ways that populations can grow?Exponentially and logistically32
8243531478When populations are clumped, what are the clumped around?The resources they need for survival.33
8243541065Where is the population more dense? NYC or Pen Argyl, PANYC34

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