Early America colonies
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| 383208510 | New England | A region in the northeastern United States, consisting of the six states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island | |
| 383208511 | Middle Colonies | Region of the 13 Colonies located between the New England and Southern Colonies | |
| 383208512 | Southern Colonies | The colonies of Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia | |
| 383208513 | joint stock company | A business in which people invested their money for a common purpose, then share the profits. Similar to modern corporations. | |
| 383208514 | London Company | A joint-stock company chartered in 1606 and was responsible for founding the first permanent English settlement in America; Jamestown, Virginia in 1607 | |
| 383208515 | Susan Constant | One of the ship from the London Company, which brought English settlers to America. (Jamestown). | |
| 383237496 | Godspeed, Susan Constant, & Discovery | The three ships of the Virginia Company in the 1607 voyage that resulted in the founding of the first permanent English settlement in North America, Jamestown. | |
| 383237497 | Virginia Company | The Virginia Company refers to a pair of English joint stock companies chartered by James I in 1606 with the purposes of establishing settlements on the coast of North America. The investors hoped gold would be found in Virginia, and they expected to get rich on the profits from the wealth of the new colony. | |
| 383237498 | Jamestown | The first permanent settlement in the Virginia colony founded in May, 1607. | |
| 383237499 | John Rolfe | He was one of the English settlers at Jamestown (and he married Pocahontas). He discovered how to successfully grow tobacco in Virginia and cure it for export, which made Virginia an economically successful colony. | |
| 383237500 | Bartholomew Gosnold | Sailed to the New World in May of 1607 and was instrumental in helping to establish the first permanent English settlement at Jamestown, Virginia. | |
| 383237501 | Powhattan | The leader of a confederacy of Algonquin villages in the Chesapeake region | |
| 383237502 | Starving Time | The name given the winter of 1609 to 1610 because of the lack of food. Only sixty members of the original four-hundred colonists survived. The rest died of starvation and disease. | |
| 383237503 | Pocahontas | A Native American, daughter of Chief Powahatan, she married John Rolfe, and went to England with him; about 1595-1617. | |
| 383972359 | Lord Delaware | The first governor of Virginia. | |
| 383972360 | Captain John Smith | An English soldier, sailor, and author. This person is remembered for his role in establishing and saving the first permanent English settlement in North America at Jamestown, Virginia. | |
| 383972361 | Sir Edwin Standys | This person created the headright system | |
| 383972362 | headright | The right to acquire a certain amount of land granted to the person who finances the passage of a laborer. | |
| 383972363 | Indenture Servant | A person who agreed to work for another person for a period of time, in return for transportation, food, and shelter. | |
| 383972364 | House of Burgesses | The first elected legislative assembly in the New World established in the Colony of Virginia in 1619. | |
| 383972365 | Royal Colony | A colony under direct control of the king | |
| 383972366 | Royal Governor | The leader of a colony appointed by the monarch | |
| 383972367 | County Court | Courts of general jurisdiction, hears both civil and criminal cases. | |
| 383972368 | County Government | A political subdivision of the state to implement state services at the local level. | |
| 383972369 | Justice of the Peace | Judicial officer for rural areas. | |
| 384434038 | Burgess | A member of the lower house of the legislature of Maryland or Virginia. | |
| 384434039 | Pilgrims | Group of English Protestant dissenters who established Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts in 1620 to seek religious freedom after having lived briefly in the Netherlands. | |
| 384434040 | Plymouth | Colony settled by the Pilgrims. It eventually merged with Massachusetts Bay colony. | |
| 384434041 | Mayflower Compact | 1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony. | |
| 384434042 | William Bradford | Pilgrim leader of the Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts. Governor for over 30 years. | |
| 384434043 | 'Of Plymouth Plantation' | William Bradford's book on the history of the Plymouth colony. | |
| 384434044 | Squanto | Native American who helped with relation between the natives and the Pilgrims. The Native American who taught the Pilgrims to fish, farm and hunt in the new land | |
| 384434045 | Massachusetts School Law | First public education legislation in America. It stated that towns with 50 or more families had to hire a schoolmaster and that towns with over 100 families had to provide a grammar school. | |
| 384434046 | Puritan | Group of people who wanted to "purify" the Church of England. They established the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630 | |
| 384434047 | Separatists | Those who wanted to break all connections with the Church of England as opposed to most Puritans who believed it was possible to reform the church; the Pilgrims were Separatists. | |
| 384434048 | nonseparatists | Another name for the Puritans who arrived in New England in 1629 due to oppression and persecution by the English Crown. These Puritans believed they must purified the church through reforms. | |
| 384434049 | Cambridge Agreement | 1629- The Puritan stockholders of the Massachusetts Bay Company agreed to emigrate to New England on the condition that they would have control of the government of the colony. | |
| 384434050 | "freemen" | adult males belonging to a Puritan congregation | |
| 384434051 | John Winthrop | As governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, Winthrop (1588-1649) was instrumental in forming the colony's government and shaping its legislative policy. He envisioned the colony, centered in present-day Boston, as a "city upon a hill" from which Puritans would spread religious righteousness throughout the world. | |
| 384434052 | "city upon a hill" | Winthrop's name for Massachusetts Bay Colony symbolizing how it will be a Puritan example that others will look up to | |
| 384434053 | Massachusetts Bay Colony | One of the first settlements in New England; established in 1629 and became a major Puritan colony. Became the state of Massachusetts. | |
| 384434054 | town meetings | Local meeting in colonial New England where settlers discussed and voted on issues | |
| 384434055 | General Court | Elected representative assembly in the Massachusetts Bay Colony | |
| 384434056 | Lawes and Liberties | First alphabetized code of law printed in English created by the General Court. Clearly defined the freedoms and responsibilities of a citizen of the colony. | |
| 387803000 | Roger Williams | A dissenter who disagreed with the Massachusetts Puritans over separation of church and state and was banished in 1636. He established the colony of Rhode Island. | |
| 387803001 | Anne Hutchinson | Believed that a person could worship God without the help of a church, minister, or Bible and challenged church authority. She was banashed from Massachusetts.. | |
| 387803002 | Thomas Hooker | Founded Connecticut and established a government in which the powers were limited and protected the rights of individuals | |
| 387803003 | Fundamental Order of Connecticut | Created in 1639, this governmental system was adopted by the Connecticut Puritans that included representative assemblies and a popularly-elected governor; referred to as the first written constitution of America. | |
| 387803004 | Lord Baltimore | 1694- He was the founder of Maryland, a colony which offered religious freedom, and a refuge for the persecuted Roman Catholics. | |
| 387803005 | William Penn | Penn, an English Quaker, founded Pennsylvania in 1682, after receiving a charter from King Charles II. He operated the colony as a "holy experiment" based on religious tolerance. | |
| 387803006 | Holy Experiment | William Penn's term for the government of Pennsylvania, which was supposed to serve everyone and provide freedom for all. | |
| 387803007 | Charter of Liberties | A charter signed by William Penn, which established a representative assembly in Pennsylvania. | |
| 387803008 | Peter Stuyvesant | Dutch governor of New Netherland who surrendered the colony to the English. Due to his harsh rule and heavy taxes, he was unpopular and did not receive assistance from the colonists. | |
| 387803009 | James Oglethorpe | Founder and governor of the Georgia colony. He ran a tightly-disciplined, military-like colony. Slaves, alcohol, and Catholicism were forbidden in his colony. | |
| 387803010 | Half-Way Covenant | Established by the Congregational church in New England, this contract offered partial membership rights to those not yet converted | |
| 387803011 | New England Primer | Book published in 1690 by Benjamin Harris. This book taught the alphabet and the Lord's Prayer. | |
| 387803012 | Harvard | The oldest college in America, which was established to educate and train young men to become ministers. (1636) | |
| 387803013 | Anne Bradstreet | First published American poet, her main subjects were family, home, and religion. | |
| 387803014 | sumptuary laws | Laws that regulated the value and style of clothing that various social groups could wear, and the amount they could spend on family celebrations | |
| 387803015 | yeomen | owners of small farms. | |
| 387803016 | apprenticeship | A work-based learning experience, in which an individual works alongside a skilled worker or craftsperson to learn specialized work skills | |
| 387803017 | William and Mary College | School founded in 1693 by a Royal Charter issued by William III and Mary II—second-oldest institution of higher education in the United States. | |
| 387803018 | Sir William Berkeley | Royal governor of Virginia(1641-1652; 1660-1677), adopted policies that favored the large planters and used dictatorial powers to govern on their behalf; antagonized backwoods farmers on Virginia's western frontier because he failed to protect settlements from Indian attacks, the led to Bacon's Rebellion. | |
| 387803019 | Anthony Johnson | A slave from Virginia who gained his freedom and became a slave holder himself. | |
| 387803020 | Royal African Company | Chartered in 1660s to establish a monopoly over the slave trade among British merchants; supplied African slaves to colonies in Barbados, Jamaica, and Virginia. | |
| 387803021 | Gullah | Combination of English and West African languages spoken by African Americans in the South Carolina colony | |
| 387803022 | Creole | Refers to a language that arises from contact between two other languages and has features of both. | |
| 387803023 | Stono Uprising | First slave rebellion. In September 1739, approximately twenty slaves met near the Stono River outside Charleston, South Carolina. They stole guns and ammunition, killed storekeepers and planters, and liberated a number of slaves. Wanted to escape to Spanish Florida for freedom. The slave owners caught up with them killing some and capturing others. As a result, may colonies passed more restrictive laws to control slaves. | |
| 387803024 | Mercantile system | System used to establish a balance of trade...country must export more than they import(profit).....mother country (England) controls all resources within her empire and takes full responsibility for their distribution | |
| 387803025 | Navigation Acts | Laws that governed trade between England and its colonies. Colonists were required to ship certain products exclusively to England. These acts made colonists very angry because they were forbidden from trading with other countries. | |
| 387803026 | Bacon's Rebellion | A revolt against Governor Sir William Berkeley in Virginia by Nathaniel Bacon and a group of fronteir settlers that resulted in the burning of Jamestown in 1676. The rebels felt Berkeley was not providing protection against Native Americans. | |
| 387803027 | King Philip's War | Violent Native American rebellion In New England in 1675. (lasting one year) Proportionately one of the bloodiest and costliest war in American history | |
| 387803028 | Dominion of New England | 1686-The British government combined the colonies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut into a single province headed by a royal governor (Edmund Andros). Ended in 1692, when the colonists revolted and drove out Governor Andros | |
| 387803029 | Edmund Andros | He was the royal governor of the Dominion of New England. Colonists resented his enforcement of the Navigation Acts and the attempt to abolish the colonial assembly. | |
| 387803030 | Leisler's Rebellion | After seizing control of New York's government after England's Glorious Revolution in 1688. March 1691, a newly appointed British Royal governor ordered Leister to surrender his position, Leister questioned this order. Leister was arrested and accused of being a rebel. A trial was held he was found guilty and executed. | |
| 387803031 | John Coode | Led the Protestant group that forced the Maryland governor to resign. He petitioned the crown to make Maryland a royal colony and his petition was accepted. (1689) | |
| 387803032 | Witchcraft Trials in Salem | Witchcraft hysteria in Massachusetts, in 1692 resulted in the trial, conviction, and execution of twenty accused witches. Later proven to be a huge mistake. |
