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| 18004940 | Latin America | The part of the Western Hemisphere below the United States. It is divided into four regions; Central America, South America, Mexico, and the Carribean. The Pacific Ocean is located to the West of Latin America, the Atlantic Ocean and Carribean Sea to the East. The Mayas existed in Mexico; the Olmecs existed in Central America; and the Aztecs, Toltecs, and Incas existed in South America. Majority of Latin America was conquered by the Spanish. | 0 | |
| 18004941 | Iberians | The natives or inhabitants of the Iberian peninsula, where Spain and Portugal are located. The Iberians conquered much of Latin America between 1450 and 1750. During this time the Catholics kicked the Muslims out of the Iberian Peninsula. | 1 | |
| 18004942 | Reconquista | An 800 year period in which the Catholics kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula expanded their influence while diminishing the power of the Muslims. The Reconquista ended in 1492 when the Muslim ruler of Granada surrendered to Ferdinand and Isabella. | 2 | |
| 18004943 | Ferdinand and Isabella | The monarchs of the largest Christian kingdoms in Iberia. Their marriage created a united Spain. Also, they were responsible for the re-conquest of Granada. They also initiation of exploration of the New World. | 3 | |
| 18004944 | Conquistadors | A Spanish explorer that took part in Spain's conquest of the Americas. They seized control of the pre-existing civilizations and brought them under Spanish rule. These conquest took place mainly in the 16th century. Their presence caused a drastic drop in population do to illnesses that indigenous people were not immune to. | 4 | |
| 18004945 | Moctezuma II | The 9th ruler of Tenochtitlan and the last independent Aztec emperor, he ruled from 1502 until 1520. During his ruled Tenochitlan reached its largest size. He was killed during Hernán Cortés' conquest of Tenochtitlan. | 5 | |
| 18004946 | Las Casas | A Spanish Dominican priest. He was a settler of the New World. He was startled by the genocide of Indian by the Spanish conquerors, and as a result he started a missionary for the Lutheran Church | 6 | |
| 18004947 | Encomienda | Grants of the indigenous laborers of the Americas made to Spanish conquerors and settlers in Mesoamerica as well as South American. This was the basis for the earliest forms of forced labor in the Spanish colonies of the Western Hemisphere. | 7 | |
| 18004948 | Mita | Labor extracted for lands assigned to the state and the religion. All communities were expected to contribute to the labor. This concept was an essential aspect of Incan imperial control. | 8 | |
| 18004949 | Colombian Exchange | Biological and ecological exchange that took place following the establishment of Spanish colonies in the New World. Europeans and Africans came to the New World. The two hemispheres would exchange animals, plants and diseases. | 9 | |
| 18004950 | Haciendas | Rural estates that existed in the Spanish colonies of the New World. Haciendas produced agricultural products for consumers in American. It provided the basis of wealth and power for local aristocracy in the Spanish colonies. | 10 | |
| 18004951 | Treaty of Tordesillas | Signed in 1494 between Castile and Portugal. The treaty clarified spheres of influence and rights of possession in the New World. The treaty reserved Brazil and all newly discovered lands east of Brazil to Portugal. It also granted all lands west of Brazil to Spain. | 11 | |
| 18004952 | Viceroyalties | There were two major divisions of Spanish colonies in the New World. One of these major divisions was based in Lima and the other division was based in Mexico City. These two divisions were direct representatives of the King of Spain. | 12 | |
| 18004953 | Peninsulares | This term classified all the people that held residence in the Spanish colonies of the Western Hemisphere but were originally native to Spain. | 13 | |
| 18004954 | Mestizos | People of mixed European and Indian ancestry in Mesoamerica and South American, Mestizos were particularly prevalent areas that were colonized by the Spanish. Mestizos were often a part of the forced labor system. | 14 | |
| 18004955 | Mulattoes | People of mixed European and African ancestry in Mesoamerica and South America. | 15 | |
| 18004956 | Amaro | A Mestizo leader of an Indian revolt in Peru. Tupac Amaro was supported by many among Peruvian lower social classes. His revolt eventually failed because of Creole fears of real social revolution. | 16 | |
| 18004957 | Cape Colony | A Dutch Colony established at the Cape of Good Hope in 1653, initially to provide a coastal station for the Dutch seaborne empire. By 1770 settlements had expanded sufficiently to come into conflict with Bantus. | 17 | |
| 18004958 | Boers | A member of the Dutch population which settled in southern Africa (Cape Colony) in the late 17th century. | 18 | |
| 18004959 | Afrikaners | A European that lived in South Africa. | 19 | |
| 18004960 | Great Trek | A movement of Boer settlers in Cape Colony of southern Africa to escape influence of British colonial government in 1834. The Great Trek led to the settlement of regions north of the Orange River and Natal. | 20 | |
| 18004961 | Zulu | A member of a South African people living mainly in the KwaZulu/Natal province. It is the largest ethnic group in South Africa and it consists of at least 10 million people. They have a language that it's a derivative of Bantu. | 21 | |
| 18004962 | The African Diaspora | The movement of African people throughout the world most noticeably to the Americas, through the Atlantic slave trade, but also to Muslims and to Europe. Most of this movement was due to slave trade. | 22 | |
| 18004963 | Middle Passage | A slave voyage from Africa to the Americas that existed from the 16th century through the 18th century. Generally is was a traumatic experience for African slaves, although it failed to strip Africans of their culture. | 23 | |
| 18004964 | Wilberforce | A British statesman and reformer. He was a leader of abolitionist movement in English parliament. William Wilberforce led abolition of the English slave trade in 1807. | 24 | |
| 18004965 | Sub-Saharan Africa | The part of the African continent that is south of the Saharan Desert. It consists of savannah, rainforest, desert, and coastal climates. | 25 | |
| 18004966 | Atlantic Slave Trade | The trade of the Africans to the New World. Most slaves were prisoner of war or kidnaped by Europeans and came form west and central Africa. Slave trade was a part of Triangular Trade. | 26 | |
| 18004967 | Gold Coast | Discovered by the Portugese. It had substantial amounts of gold. This became an area in which trade of slaves, gold, knives, rum, and took place. | 27 | |
| 18004968 | Royal African Company | Chartered in the 1660's to establish a monopoly over the slave trade among British merchants. The Royal African Company supplied African slaves to colonies in Barbados, Jamaica, and Virginia. | 28 | |
| 18004969 | Triangular Trade | Commerce linking Africa, the New World colonies and Europe. Slaves were carried to America for sugar and tobacco transported to Europe. | 29 | |
| 18004970 | East Africa | Trading ports urbanized commercial centers sharing common Bantu-based and Arabic-influenced Swahili language and other cultural traits. This included Mogadishu, Mombasa, Malindi, Kilwa, Pate, and Zanzibar. | 30 | |
| 18004971 | Islamization | The process of converting a society to Islam. This occurred throughout the African continent. Specifically in western Sudanic states where Sufi reforms took place. | 31 | |
| 18004972 | Dutch East India Company | It was a joint stock company that obtained government monopoly over trade in Asia. It acted as a virtually independent government in regions it claimed. | 32 |
