Lecture 12: Earthquakes
Three types of earthquakes
Earthquake hazards, especially tsunamis and liquefaction
P-waves and s-waves
Triangulating earthquake positions
"Beachball" diagrams
How and what earthquake waves tell us about the interior of the Earth
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| 1329831811 | *Three types of earthquakes | A.Product of reverse fault-> A small thrust fault (see arrows) east of Vail, CO. B. A strike-slip fault offset the road after the Landers earthquake in California. C. A normal fault near Challis, Idaho, moved in the 1983 earthquake. | 1 | |
| 1329831812 | Earthquake hazards, especially tsunamis and liquefaction | liquefaction= wet soil think of mud slides | 2 | |
| 1329831813 | P-waves and s-waves | P-waves • P-waves are primary waves or pressure waves • Move faster than S-waves • Pass through solids, liquids, and gases. S-waves • Secondary waves, or shear waves • move more slowly than p-waves • Can only pass through solids—that's how we know that the center of the earth is liquid. cooler desner matieral transmit s waves better | 3 | |
| 1329831814 | Triangulating earthquake positions | If three separate seismometers calculate the distance to an earthquake's epicenter, we can figure out where the epicenter was by triangulation. | 4 | |
| 1329831815 | "Beachball" diagrams "Beachball" diagrams | Learn 2 things: EXPAND= AWAY FORM SIZE COMPRESS=TOWARDS (1) The slip motion of the rocks underground (2) the orientation of the fault that the slip occurred on -The beachballs show where compression and expansion occurred, and let us know what kind of earthquake it was. | 5 | |
| 1329831816 | How and what earthquake waves tell us about the interior of the Earth? | Sizemameters on opp. ends of earth can only transmit P-waves b/c they can go through Solid, liquid, gases. That's how we know the earth s waves like cold and dense | 6 |
