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| 186284499 | 3 main questions that ecology attempts to answer are... | Why there are so many types of organisms How is their distribution determined How they are equipped to survive in particular environments | |
| 186284500 | Why there are so many types of organisms | diversity | |
| 186284501 | How is their distribution determined | limitation | |
| 186284502 | How they are equipped to survive in particular environments | adaptation | |
| 186284503 | Evolutionary ecology attempts to find | the ultimate explanations for ecological patterns in the natural world. Think in terms of causation ...How did a particular trait evolve? | |
| 186284504 | Species | group of interbreeding organisms that are reproductively isolated from other such groups | |
| 186284505 | Current theories on natural selection were initially proposed by | Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace | |
| 186284506 | Natural selection | differential reproductive success of various phenotypes | |
| 186284507 | Evolution | change in the frequency of genes over time | |
| 186284508 | Darwin and Wallace were both inspired by | Malthus's essay "An Essay on the Principle of Population" (1798). Realization that reproduction had to be checked by diminishing resources. Malthus focused on humans, Wallace and Darwin realized that these theories could be applied to all species | |
| 186284509 | Essentials for Evolution | Individuals are not identical... "variation" Some of the variation is heritable Unlimited potential for population growth, but this potential is not realized because... Individuals contribute disproportionately to future generations... natural selection, role of environment | |
| 186284510 | Fitness | the genetic contribution of an organism to future generations | |
| 186284511 | Variation within a species | Genotype, Phenotype,Phenotypic plasticity,Polymorphism | |
| 186284512 | Genotype | all genes present in organism | |
| 186284513 | Phenotype | expression of genes for many genes this is often summarized as the 'physical appearance' of the organism | |
| 186284514 | Phenotypic plasticity | ability of genotype to give rise to different phenotypes Variation among individuals within a population; a prerequisite for natural selection Examples: variations in body size and shape; color; muscular fitness | |
| 186284515 | Polymorphism | occurrence of several distinct forms of a species in the same habitat at a given time Different morphs may become separated by geography... and over time, differentially evolve to their different habitats | |
| 186284516 | Evolution within a species, Achillea lanulosa | Plants grow as different forms (phenotypes) at different locations... in response to different environmental factors. Plants from different locations, retain site-specific characteristics... even when grown together... evidence of a genotypic response. | |
| 186284517 | Industrial melanism | phenomenon is which blackish forms of a species have come to dominate populations in industrial areas... natural selection by pollution Known to occur in several species, from several countries... Ex. Peppered moth (Biston betularia) | |
| 186284518 | Biston betularia | Clings to tree trunks during day, preyed upon by birds (visual predators) Light morph - blends in with natural/lichen bark Melanistic form - blends in with soot covered bark | |
| 186284519 | Kettlewell and colleaguesManchester- industrial capital of England | First recorded case of industrial melanism mainly studied by | |
| 186284520 | Transient polymorphism | Change in the human economy resulted in the fastest recorded evolutionary changes for any multi-cellular organism. | |
| 186284521 | Sexual selection | development of gaudy coloration in males to attract females | |
| 186284522 | Predation selection | loss of colored spots to become less conspicuous | |
| 186284523 | Natural Selection reults | Could argue that it makes species more perfect for environment... But... also makes species more specialized, becoming dependent upon a more narrow range of environmental conditions. If environment changes... species could become extinct. |
