Intro to Ecology, Microevolution and Natural Selection, Biomes, Habitats and Niches, Physiological Ecology, Behavioral Ecology.
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| 476651563 | Habitat | physical area in which an organism lives | 1 | |
| 476651564 | Niche | functional role and distribution of an organism in a community; the organisms place in a biotic environment in relation to food and predators. | 2 | |
| 476651567 | Fundamental Niche | any set of conditions under which an organism can survive | 3 | |
| 476651568 | Realized Niche | describes conditions under which the organism really does occur (actual measurements) | 4 | |
| 476651569 | Niche Bredth | The range, along an environmental gradient, within which the niche occurs. The niche is represented as a bell curve, and the optimum ecological performance is right in the middle, at the top of the curve | 5 | |
| 476651570 | Niche Overlap | describes how much two niches overlap | 6 | |
| 476651571 | What is Levin's Index? | measure of niche bredth which runs from a low of 1 to a high of infinity. | 7 | |
| 476651572 | Homeostasis | process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment | 8 | |
| 476651573 | Homeostasis Balance= | in-out | 9 | |
| 476651574 | Heat/Temp Balance Equation= | H_Organism=H_m (+/-) H_env (-) H_e heat of organism=metabolic heat plus or minus heat gain/loss from environment minus evaporative water loss | 10 | |
| 476651575 | What factors affect the heat balance? (4) | Surface area:volume ratio, ambient temp vs. body temp, behavioral adaptations, and morphology. | 11 | |
| 476651576 | Ectotherm | organism obtains heat form external source | 12 | |
| 476651577 | Endotherm | organism generates body heat internally | 13 | |
| 476651578 | Homeotherm | organism maintains constant internal temp no matter the external environment | 14 | |
| 476651579 | Poikiliotherm | organism's internal temp corresponds with external temp of environment | 15 | |
| 476651581 | Osmosis | diffusion of molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a place of higher concentration to a place of lower concentration until the concentration on both sides is equal | 16 | |
| 476651582 | Hyperosmotic | greater solute concentration, movement of water out of cell | 17 | |
| 476651583 | Hypoosmotic | less solute concentration, water moves into cell | 18 | |
| 476651584 | Isosmotic | equal amount of water on both sides | 19 | |
| 476651585 | Osmoconformer | Organism which have internal water and ion balances that track along with external environment. | 20 | |
| 476651586 | Osmoregulator | organism which maintain constant internal water and ion balance over a wide range of external ion concentrations | 21 | |
| 476651587 | What affects osmoregulation? (7) | body size, ambient ion vs. internal ion concentration, permeability of integument (skin), type of food eaten, temperature, activity level, and illness or poor health. | 22 | |
| 477449488 | What are the 4 components of a territory? | Site attachment, exclusive use of the area, aggressive defense of area, and boundary switching. | 23 | |
| 477449489 | Boundary Switching | at edges, animal more likely to retreat than attack | 24 | |
| 477449492 | Arbitrary Rule hypothesis | territories are won according to some "arbitrary" rule, e.g. first to attack wins; territory holder wins; largest one wins | 25 | |
| 477449493 | Resource-Holding Power Asymmetry hypothesis | territories are only obtained and kept by those individuals that are larger and stronger | 26 | |
| 477449494 | Value Asymmetry hypothesis | value of territory to resident is greater than the value of that territory to an intruder | 27 | |
| 477449495 | Migration | long term movement from one location to another, it involves navigation and orientation | 28 | |
| 477586061 | Ontogenetic Migration | animals spend part of life span in one area, then the rest in a second habitat | 29 | |
| 477586062 | Iruptive migration | similar to seasonal migration, but occurs irregularly | 30 | |
| 477586063 | What is migration triggered by? | Changes is photoperiod, in seasonal migration this usually occurs twice | 31 | |
| 477586064 | Orientation | ability to move in correct direction | 32 | |
| 477586065 | Navigation | ability to determine where you are in relation to your final goal | 33 | |
| 477586066 | What are the 3 minor types of migratory cues? | topographic, meterorological, and chemical | 34 | |
| 477586067 | What are the 3 major types of migratory cues? | Solar, stellar, and magnetic (involves direction of earth's geomagnetic field lines, animals with this ability have magnetic crystals in brain or ear). | 35 | |
| 477586068 | Polygyny | one male and multiple females | 36 | |
| 477586069 | Polyandry | one female and multiple males | 37 | |
| 477586070 | Polygyandry | multiple males and females | 38 | |
| 477586071 | Female defense polygyny | males exhibit strong intrasexual competition to obtain sole access to females | 39 | |
| 477586072 | Resource Defense polygyny | males guard areas containing resources needed or wanted by females | 40 | |
| 477586073 | Scramble Competition polygyny | males attempt to mate with as many females as possible by outracing other males | 41 | |
| 477586074 | Lek polygyny | males defend small area that contains no resources or females (remember bowerbird) | 42 | |
| 477586075 | Intersexual selection | one sex makes decision about which members of opposite sex to mate with (female) | 43 | |
| 477586076 | Intrasexual selection | individuals of same sex compete to gain access to other sex (male) | 44 | |
| 477586077 | What are the 5 models of female choice? | direct benefits, good genes, runaway selection, sensory bias, and cryptic choice | 45 | |
| 477586078 | Runaway selection | females want ever larger values of a certain trait on males | 46 | |
| 477586079 | Sensory Bias | males evolve trait that stimulates female's preference | 47 | |
| 477586080 | Cryptic choice | females can choose which male gamete they want to fertilize their eggs | 48 |
