Terms : Hide Images
| 469471225 | Biotic | Living components (biota) NOT viruses! | |
| 469471226 | Abiotic | nonliving components of an ecosystem temperature, water, sunlight, wind, rocks, soil | |
| 469471227 | Levels of Organization | Cell > Tissue > Organ > Organ system > Organism > Population > Community > Ecosystem > Biome > Biosphere | |
| 469471228 | Ecosystem | Living + Nonliving | |
| 469471229 | Population | Organisms of same species living together (no abiotic factors) | |
| 469471230 | Community | Organisms of different species living together (no abiotic factors) | |
| 469471231 | Principle of Allocation | Organisms have limited amount of energy to spend on certain tasks and your body will divide energy up according to what is most important at the time | |
| 469471232 | Physiological response | Changing the function of your body ex: athletes acclimating to higher elevations | |
| 469471233 | Morphological Response | Changing the anatomy of your body ex: a dog's fur preparing for the winter | |
| 469471234 | Behavioral Response | Changing behavior to adapt ex: penguins huddling together to keep warm | |
| 469471235 | Lakes | ... | |
| 469471236 | Wetlands | ... | |
| 469471237 | Streams and Rivers | ... | |
| 469471238 | Estuaries | ... | |
| 469471239 | Intertidal Zones | ... | |
| 469471240 | Ocean Pelagic Biome | ... | |
| 469471241 | Coral Reefs | ... | |
| 469471242 | Marine Benthic Zone | ... | |
| 469471243 | Tropical Forest | Abundant rainfall, close to equator Most diversity of species anywhere on earth Many levels of plants | |
| 469471244 | Desert | Very little rainfall Very little plant life Extreme temperature fluctuations Mostly nocturnal animals | |
| 469471245 | Savanna | ... | |
| 469471246 | Chaparral | ... | |
| 469471247 | Temperate Grassland | Found in temperate and tropical regions Low total annual rainfall - inhospitable for forests Grazing mammals | |
| 469471248 | Coniferous Forest (taiga) | Conifer trees Very cold winters Heavy snowfall | |
| 469471249 | Temperate Broadleaf Forest | Shows vertical stratification Rich soil due to decomposition of leaf litter Seasonal, mild conditions Trees drop leaves in winter | |
| 469471250 | Tundra | Permafrost "Frozen desert" - very little rainfall | |
| 469471251 | Vertical Stratification | There are species that live in all layers of the biome (floor, low branches, treetops) | |
| 469471252 | Nitrogen Cycle | Nitrogen in the atmosphere is converted into ammonium by nitrogen-fixing bacteria Ammonium is converted into nitrates by nitrifying bacteria ~some is absorbed by plants Nitrates are converted into free nitrogen by denitrifying bacteria | |
| 469471253 | Nitrogen-fixing bacteria | Convert free nitrogen into ammonium (NH4+) | |
| 469471254 | Nitrifying bacteria | Convert ammonium into nitrites then into nitrates | |
| 469471255 | Denitrifying bacteria | Converts nitrates (NO3-) into nitrogen | |
| 469471256 | Carbon Cycle | CO2 is added to the air by the burning of fossil fuels, cellular respiration of plants and animals, and bacterial decomposers O2 is removed from the air by cellular respiration O2 is added to the air by photosynthesis CO2 is removed from the air by photosynthesis | |
| 469471257 | Water Cycle | Evaporation & Transpiration > Accumulation > Condensation > Precipitation *Some water percolates through the soil *Most water is evaporated through transpiration | |
| 469471258 | Fixed Action Pattern | An innate behavior that is continued to completion once begun Initiated by sign stimuli | |
| 469471259 | Sign stimuli | External stimuli that trigger fixed action patterns | |
| 469471260 | Habituation | An organism learns to ignore a stimuli after repeated exposure | |
| 469471261 | Associative Learning | A type of learning in which one stimulus has become linked to another through experience | |
| 469471262 | Classical conditioning | A type of associative learning involving an external stimuli | |
| 469471263 | Operant conditioning | Learning behaviors without an external stimuli - "trial and error" learning | |
| 469471264 | Imprinting | Learning that occurs during a sensitive period; it is irreversible | |
| 469471265 | Agonistic behavior | Aggressive behavior; disputes commonly held over access to food, mating, or shelter | |
| 469471266 | Territoriality | defending territory through agonistic behavior | |
| 469471267 | Spatial Learning | the modification of behavior based on experience with the spatial structure of the environment ex: digger wasp | |
| 469471268 | Kinesis | Simple, random change in activity in response to a stimulus | |
| 469471269 | Taxis | Automatic, oriented movement toward or away from some stimulus | |
| 469471270 | Altruism | Reducing an individual's reproductive fitness while increasing the fitness of the group or family | |
| 469471271 | Semelparity | Organisms spend most of their life growing, then have one big episode of reproduction | |
| 469471272 | Iteroparity | Organisms have repeated reproduction but with a much smaller clutch size -- parental care is much higher | |
| 469471273 | K-selected | live close to carrying capacity, logistic growth | |
| 469471274 | r-selected | density independent, exponential growth | |
| 469471275 | exponential growth | abundant resources, free to reproduce at physiological capacity | |
| 469471276 | logistic growth | population size nears carrying capacity | |
| 469471277 | density | the number of individuals per unit area | |
| 469471278 | dispersion | the pattern of spacing among individuals population boundaries | |
| 469471279 | boom-and-bust curve | predator/prey relationship ex: lynx and hare | |
| 469471280 | density-dependent factors | ex: food, shelter | |
| 469471281 | density independent factors | ex: temperature, natural disasters, climate | |
| 469471282 | interspecific interactions | interactions between species ex: competition, predation, disease, symbiosis | |
| 469471283 | dominant species | most abundant or highest biomass | |
| 469471284 | keystone species | exerts strong control on community structure through niche, not population | |
| 469471285 | primary succession | begins in a virtually lifeless area, without soil starts with autotrophic prokaryotes ex: glacial retreat, volcano | |
| 469471286 | secondary succession | begins in an area similar to before, with soil starts with pioneer organisms | |
| 469471287 | pyramid of numbers | As you go higher, there are fewer organisms b/c there is less energy to go around due to the ten percent law | |
| 469471288 | Phosphorous cycle | ATP | |
| 469471289 | biological magnification | harmful substances are magnified as you go higher up the food chain since they are being consumed in larger quantities | |
| 469471290 | eutrophication | increased nutrients in lakes due to human activities algae blooms causes low dissolved oxygen, everything dies | |
| 469471291 | critical load | amount of added nutrient that can be absorbed without damaging ecosystem integrity | |
| 469471292 | combustion of fossil fuels | falls as acid rain, changes pH of soil, plants die | |
| 469471293 | CO2 concentration in atmosphere | Greenhouse effect: CO2 and H2O in atmosphere retain heat, cause air temp to rise | |
| 469471294 | Biodiversity crisis | alarming rate of extinction due to human activity genetic diversity species diversity ecosystem diversity | |
| 469471295 | Regulators | maintain nearly constant internal temperature | |
| 469471296 | Conformers | Allow internal temperature to vary | |
| 469471297 | proximate questions | focus on environmental stimuli that trigger a behavior and genetic, physiological, and anatomical mechanisms underlying HOW? do they do it | |
| 469471298 | ultimate questions | evolutionary significance of a behavior WHY? | |
| 469471299 | Signal | a behavior that causes a change in another animal's behavior | |
| 469471300 | Promiscuous | no strong pair-bonds or relationships little care for offspring | |
| 469471301 | Monogamous | one male mating with one female more care for offspring | |
| 469471302 | Polygyny | One male mating with many females | |
| 469471303 | Polyandry | One female mating with many males | |
| 469471304 | Carrying capacity | the maximum population size that a particular environment can support; determined by limiting factors |
