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| 753670713 | What new technologies developed in the 1800's? | The cotton gin, steamboat, reaper, steam engine, locomotive and telegraph. La desmotadora de algodón, barco de vapor, segador, máquina de vapor, la locomotora y el telégrafo. |  |
| 753670714 | Why did people move to the cities in the 1800's? | Development of industry (North). Desarrollo de la industria (del Norte). |  |
| 753670715 | What was the impact of the cotton gin? | Slavery increased and expanded to more states and territories in the West La esclavitud aumentó y se expandió a más estados y territorios en el Oeste |  |
| 753670716 | What are push factors? | They are reasons people want to leave their home country to move to a new country. | |
| 753670717 | What are pull factors? | They are reasons that attract immigrants to a new country. | |
| 753670718 | Why did cities grow? | People moved from rural areas to urban areas in search of jobs; immigrants came to the US and natural increases in population. | |
| 753670719 | As cities expanded, how did they change? | Crime, cramped quarters, disease due to lack of plumbing | |
| 753670720 | Where did most immigrants come from? | North and Western Europe |  |
| 753670721 | What was labor reform? | Unions, protests, strikes and changes to legislation to improve the conditions of workers. Los sindicatos, las protestas, las huelgas y los cambios en la legislación para mejorar las condiciones de los trabajadores. |  |
| 753670722 | Why was labor reform needed? | Workers had long hours, few breaks, low pay, unsafe conditions and no rights. Children worked in facotries. Los trabajadores tenían largas horas, pocos descansos, los bajos salarios, condiciones inseguras y ningún derecho. Los niños trabajaban en facotries. |  |
| 753670723 | Why was education reform needed? | Children were working in factories and school was not mandatory. | |
| 753670724 | What was education reform? | Changes to legislation that resulted in mandatory education, teacher training, curriculum development and lending libraries. | |
| 753670725 | Who was left out of education reform? | African Americans went to segregated schools with few resources if they went to school. Southern states were also behind in education reform. | |
| 753670726 | What changes were made based on prisoner and hospital reform? | Prisoners were seperated by adults and children, male and female, sane and insane. Hospitals were developed to care for the insane. | |
| 753670727 | What is temperance? | Restrictions on alcohol use | |
| 753670728 | What was the second great awakening? | Spiritual revival in America. Prostestant churches grew. | |
| 753670729 | Who was involved in the Second Great Awakening? | Women and African Americans were invovled. | |
| 753670730 | What were the goals of the women's movement? | Equal rights, right to vote, changes to divorce law and equal job opportunities. | |
| 753670731 | What was the name of the resolution passed by the women's movement? | Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions | |
| 753670732 | What were methods of slave resistance? | Careless with owner's property, slow at work, steal their property, revolt, running away | |
| 753670733 | What methods of slave resistance were most likely? | Non-violent forms (carelessness with owner's property, slow at work, stealing property) | |
| 753670734 | What were slave codes? | Restrictions on the movements and rights of slaves to ensure they could not rebel. Las restricciones a los movimientos y los derechos de los esclavos para asegurarse de que no podían rebelarse. |  |
| 753670735 | What are abolitionists? | People who worked to end slavery. Las personas que trabajan para poner fin a la esclavitud. |  |
| 753670736 | Who was Frederick Douglass? | An escaped slave who published articles, a biography and gave speeches to end slavery | |
| 753670737 | Who was William Lloyd Garrison? | An abolitionist and editor who started the newspaper, The Liberator, to end slavery | |
| 753670738 | Who was Sojourner Truth? | A former slave who gave speeches against slavery | |
| 753670739 | Who was Harriet Beecher Stowe? | Writer of the book, Uncle Tom's Cabin which spoke about the tragedies of slavery. Lincoln credited Stowe with being the lady who "started this little war" meaning the Civil War because she changed hearts and minds about slavery. | |
| 753670740 | Who was Harriet Tubman? | Former slave and founder of the Underground Railroad, responsible for freeing 50,000 to 100,000 slaves. | |
| 753670741 | Who were the Grimke Sisters? | Quaker women and sisters who fought to end slavery through speeches and articles targeted to Southern women to end slavery. | |
| 753670742 | What was the Underground Railroad? | A marked path to the North or Canada that slaves took to get to freedom. It was neither underground or a railroad. Approximately 50,000 to 100,000 slaves used this route to run away. | |
| 753670743 | What were common arguments for slavery? | Life was better for slaves than being free in the North. Slaves were happy being slaves. | |
| 753670744 | What is sectionalism? | loyalty to the interests of one's own region | |
| 753670745 | What were reasons for the Civil War? | Different cultures, different economies, slavery and state's rights | |
| 753670746 | What does nullification mean? | To nullify or cancel a law | |
| 753670747 | What was the Tariff of 1828? | Tariff supported by the North and West to increase tax on imported goods. Economically hurt the South. | |
| 753670748 | What was the Nullification Crisis? | South Carolina passed an act in their state government to try to nullify a federal law. It was a crisis as a state was trying to be more powerful than the federal government. South Carolina also threatened to secede. President Jackson threatened force and tensions only decreased after a new lower tariff (of 1832) was passed. | |
| 753670749 | What were state's rights? | The ability of a state to cancel a federal law. The South wanted states to have this right. The North did not. | |
| 753670750 | Who was John C. Calhoun? | Vice President under Andrew Jackson. He was from South Carolina and supported state's rights and eventually secession after the Nullification Crisis. He quit as vice president due to different views on states rights and the tariff of 1828/nullification. | |
| 753670751 | What was the Missouri Compromise? | Attempt made by North and South to compromise over which states would be free states (no slavery) and which would be slave states (have slavery). An imaginary line was drawn to try and solve these issues to divide the North and South with the North having free states and the South having slave states. | |
| 753670752 | What was the Compromise of 1850? | A compromise between North and South. 1) California became a free state. 2) New Mexico and Utah became states and had the right to vote on whether they would be free or slave states (popular sovereignty). These compromises favored the North so the South received support to have the Fugitive Slave Act passed. 3) The slave trade was abolished in Washington D.C. 4) Texas received $10 million for giving land to New Mexico. 5) There were stronger fugitive slave laws. Un compromiso entre el Norte y el Sur. California se convirtió en un estado libre. Nuevo México y Utah se convirtió en estados y tenían derecho a votar sobre si estarían libres o estados (soberanía popular) esclavo. Estos compromisos a favor del Norte para el Sur recibieron apoyo para que la Ley de Esclavos Fugitivos pasó. El comercio de esclavos fue abolido en Washington DC de Texas recibió $ 10 millones para la entrega de tierras a New Mexico. Había leyes de esclavos fugitivos más fuertes. |  |
| 753670753 | What was popular sovereignty? ¿Cuál era la soberanía popular? | The right of a new state to vote to decide on the issue of slavery. El derecho de un Estado a votar para decidir sobre la cuestión de la esclavitud. |  |
| 753670754 | What was the Fugitive Slave Act? | Slave owners could go to court to reclaim runaway slaves, even if those slaves made it to a free state. Harsh penalties were given to Northeners for harboring runaway slaves. Los dueños de esclavos podían acudir a los tribunales para reclamar los esclavos fugitivos, incluso si esos esclavos llegaron a un estado libre. Duras penas se les dio a norteños por albergar esclavos fugitivos. |  |
| 753670755 | What was the Kansas Nebraska Act? | This act repealed the Missouri Compromise (1820) that made all land north of the 36 30 free. It opened up Kansas and Nebraska Territories to Popular Sovereignty. BUT there was violence and this is known as Bleeding Kansas. Esta ley derogó el Compromiso Missouri (1820), que hizo toda la tierra al norte de los 36 libre 30. Abrió Kansas y Nebraska territorios a la Soberanía Popular. Pero no había violencia y esto se conoce como sangrado Kansas. |  |
| 753670756 | What is Bleeding Kansas? | As a result of the Kansas Nebraska Act, people moved and went to vote in Kansas and Nebraska to try to determine the issue of slavery. The fight broke out between those who were against slavery and those who were in favor of slavery, with 200 people killed. Como resultado de la Ley de Nebraska Kansas, la gente se movía y se fueron a votar en Kansas y Nebraska para tratar de determinar la cuestión de la esclavitud. La lucha estalló entre los que estaban contra la esclavitud y los que estaban a favor de la esclavitud, con 200 personas muertas. |  |
| 753670757 | What is the balance of power? | ... | |
| 753670758 | What was the outcome of the Dred Scott Case? | He was a former slave living in a free state. He sued for his freedom. The case goes all the way to the Supreme Court. Justice Taney delivered the decision. The court ruled: -Blacks are not citizens -Residence in a free territory does not make you free -Congress can't ban slavery from any state -The U.S. Constitution does not apply to slaves! Era un antiguo esclavo que viven en un estado libre. Él demandó por su libertad. El caso va todo el camino hasta la Corte Suprema. Taney Justicia dictó la resolución. El tribunal dictaminó: -Los negros no son ciudadanos -Residencia en un territorio libre no te hace libre -El Congreso no puede prohibir la esclavitud de cualquier estado -La Constitución de EE.UU. no se aplica a los esclavos! |  |
| 753670759 | What was the Harper's Ferry Raid? | John Brown, an abolitionist, attempted to capture thousands of weapons at an arsenal in Harper's Ferry. He planned to arm slaves with guns and start a revolt against slavery. He was captured and killed. | |
| 753670760 | Who won the Election of 1860? | Abraham Lincoln | |
| 753670761 | What did the Election of 1860 reveal? | That the nation was deeply divided and were voting based on regional interests. The nation was deeply divided over the issue of slavery. | |
| 753670762 | What did the Election of 1860 lead to? | Secession by Southern states. | |
| 753670763 | Telegraph | Transmitted messages using electrical impulses. Invented by Samuel Morse. Mensajes transmitidos mediante impulsos eléctricos. Inventado por Samuel Morse. |  |
| 753670764 | What were labor unions? | Groups of workers seeking to improve wages and conditions. Grupos de trabajadores que tratan de mejorar los salarios y condiciones. |  |
| 753670765 | Yeoman | A man who owned a smaller farm. Un hombre que era dueño de una granja pequeña. |  |
| 753670766 | slave codes | Laws that indicated that slaves were property not people. Leyes que indicaban que los esclavos eran propiedad no personas. |  |
| 753670767 | Assimilate | Adapt to the manners and language of a country. Adaptar los modales y el lenguaje de un país. |  |
| 753670768 | James Forten | Born a free African American man in the North. He was abolitionist. Nacido un hombre afroamericano libre en el Norte. Él era abolicionista. |  |
| 753670769 | Abolitionist | A person who worked to abolish (end) slavery. Una persona que trabajaba para abolir (fin) la esclavitud. | |
| 753670770 | Social Structure of the South | Planters (plantation owners), yeoman, free blacks Planters (hacendados), terrateniente, los negros libres | |
| 753670771 | Frederick Douglas | Born into slavery, but escaped. He was an abolitionist. Nacido en la esclavitud, pero escapó. Él era un abolicionista. |  |
| 753670772 | Harriet Tubman | Escaped from slavery in the south and became a leading abolitionist. Helped get slaves to freedom by hiding them (underground railroad). Escapó de la esclavitud en el sur y se convirtió en un líder abolicionista. Ayudó a los esclavos a la libertad ocultándolos (ferrocarril subterráneo). |  |
| 753670773 | Samuel Morse | Invented the telegraph. |  |
| 753670774 | Major crops of the South | Tobacco, rice, corn, and indigo were crops grown in the South. All but indigo are still major crops today. El tabaco, el arroz, el maíz, y el añil eran cultivos en el Sur. Todos menos indigo siguen siendo los principales cultivos en la actualidad. | |
| 753670775 | First mills and factories | Located in New England. |  |
| 753670776 | Denmark Vesey | Purchased his freedom and led a slave rebellion. He was caught and hanged. Compró su libertad y encabezó una revuelta de esclavos. Fue capturado y ahorcado. |  |
| 753670777 | Nat Turner | Born into slavery. Led a slave rebellion. He was caught and hanged. Nacido en la esclavitud. Encabezó una rebelión de esclavos. Fue capturado y ahorcado. |  |
| 753670778 | Impact of railroads | Most railroads were located in the North. Railroads linked factories and towns and provided a means to transport supplies to Northern soldiers (troops). La mayoría de los ferrocarriles se encuentran en el norte. Ferrocarriles vinculados fábricas y pueblos, y siempre un medio para el transporte de suministros a los soldados del norte (las tropas). |  |
| 753670779 | The South | The South was tied to tradition. El Sur estaba atado a la tradición. |  |
| 753713951 | List 3 facts about Abraham Lincoln | He was the 16th President of the United States. He ended slavery. He preserved the union. Fue el 16 º Presidente de los Estados Unidos. Él acabó con la esclavitud. Él preservó la unión (que finalizó la guerra civil entre el Norte y el Sur). |  |
| 753887453 | Eli Whitney | Invented the Cotton Gin |  |
| 755964930 | Bleeding Kansas ¿Por qué la sangre derramada en Kansas? | People voted to make Kansas and Nebraska free or slave states. This resulted in violence because people felt passionate on both sides of the issue. Many people were killed. La gente votó para que Kansas y Nebraska libre o estados esclavistas. Esto dio lugar a la violencia porque la gente se sentía apasionado por ambos lados de la cuestión. Muchas personas murieron. | |
| 755964931 | Uncle Tom's Cabin | This book was written by Harriet Beecher Stowe. It was about a runaway slave family. It portrayed slavery's evil effect on slave owners. It was a moral condemnation of slaveholders. Este libro fue escrito por Harriet Beecher Stowe. Se trataba de una familia esclavo fugitivo. Se interpretó mal efecto de la esclavitud de los dueños de esclavos. Fue una condena moral de los dueños de esclavos. |  |
| 755964932 | Birth of Republican Party Nacimiento del Partido Republicano | This is a political organization. It was a mixture of former Whigs, Know Nothings and Free Soilers. They formed the Republican Party. Their platform (what they believed in or wanted) was anti (against) slavery. Se trata de una organización política. Era una mezcla de ex Whigs, Ignorantes y Soilers gratis. Ellos formaron el Partido Republicano. Su plataforma (lo que creían o querían) fue contra (contra) la esclavitud. |  |
| 764499938 | Secede | The South wanted to (leave, withdraw, separate) from the North. They wanted to be an independent country. The first state to secede was South Carolina. El Sur quería (salir, retirar, separar) del Norte. Querían ser un país independiente. El primer estado de secesión era Carolina del Sur. |  |
| 772212905 | Crittenden plan | Proposed amendments to the constitution by John Crittenden, Kentucky Senator, that guaranteed slavery to the states where it already existed, and allowed a popular vote to determine slavery when territories became states. enmiendas propuestas a la Constitución, que garantizaba la esclavitud de los estados en los que ya existe, y que permite el voto popular cuando los territorios se convirtieron en estados. |  |
| 772286738 | Stephen Douglas | Senator from Illinois. Wrote the Missouri Compromise of 1850 and proposed the Kansas Nebraska Act. Senador de Illinois. Stephen Douglas era un joven senador que escribió el Compromiso de Missouri de 1850 y la Ley de proprosed Nebraska Kansas. |  |
| 772322852 | Who were the democrats and republicans and what did they stand for? ¿Quiénes eran los demócratas y republicanos y qué se significa? | Republicans agreed that slavery should be kept out of the western territories, but did not expect to keep slavery out of the south. Republicanos coincidieron en que la esclavitud se debe mantener fuera de los territorios del oeste, pero no esperaba para mantener la esclavitud del sur. | |
| 772675340 | Jefferson Davis | Jefferson Davis was the President of the conferedate states (Southern states). Jefferson Davis era el Presidente de los Estados conferedate (estados del sur). |  |
| 772675341 | James Buchanan | James Buchanan was a democrat who won the election of 1856 with the minority of the popular vote. He supported the idea of popular sovereignty. James Buchanan era un demócrata que ganó las elecciones de 1856 con la minoría de los votos populares. Apoyó la idea de la soberanía popular. |  |
| 778072504 | Lincoln-Douglas Debates 1858 | A series of debates between Stephen A. Douglas and Abraham Lincoln held during a campaign for an Illinois Senate seat in 1858. |  |
| 778156622 | After seceding, what did the South call itself? Después de separarse, ¿qué hizo el Sur llama a sí mismo? | The Confederate States of America Los Estados Confederados de América |  |
| 778156623 | Who was John Crittenden? ¿Quién fue John Crittenden? | Kentucky Senator who proposed the Crittenden Plan. This guaranteed slavery to the states where it already existed, and allowed a popular vote (sovereignty) to determine slavery when territories became states. Kentucky senador que propone el Plan de Crittenden. Esta esclavitud garantizado a los estados en los que ya existía, y se permitió el voto popular (soberanía) para determinar la esclavitud cuando los territorios se convirtieron en estados. |  |
