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| pH < 7.35 , PaCO3 normal or < 35, HCO3 < 22 | ||
| pH > 7.45, PaCO2 normal or > 45, HCO3 > 26 | ||
| pH < 7.35, PaCO2 > 45, HCO3 >26 | ||
| pH > 7.45, PaCO2 < 35, HCO3 < 22 | ||
| GI loss - NG suction, vomit, diarrhea, Renal loss | ||
| Excess aldosterone secretion, water deprivation or increased water loss. | ||
| Fluid Volume Deficit, Renal Failure, Acidosis | ||
| Diuretics (Lasix), Diarrhea, GI loss, polyuria | ||
| Osteoperosis, hyperparathyroidism, immobilization | ||
| chronic alcoholism, chronic renal failure, Vitamin D deficiency | ||
| electrolyte imbalance in which cardiovascular is always a concern. | ||
| 1)weight gain 2)High BP 3)shallow, rapid respirations 4)crackles 5)Fluid intake > outake 6)weakness, fatigue, dyspnea 7)edema, taut shiny skin 8)JVD 9)bounding pulse | ||
| potatoes, raisins, bananas, spinach, avacados, carrots | ||
| Renal failure, excess intake | ||
| Malnutrition, alcoholism, diarrhea, vomiting, polyuria | ||
| reverses dehydration. | ||
| muscle weakness & cramps, irregular pulse | ||
| pathological fractures, Trousseau's sign, Chvostek's sign | ||
| hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, muscle tremors | ||
| 3rd line of defense for acid base balance. | ||
| hypoactive reflexes, cardiac arrest | ||
| Too much fluid to patient with kidney failure or CHF. | ||
| concentration of solutes in a solution. | ||
| causes loss of potassium. (hypokalemia) | ||
| 1)Lactaid Ringers 2) NS (0.9% NaCl) 3) 5% Dextrose | ||
| measures hydrogen ion concentration in the body fluids. | ||
| 1)decreased intake 2)increased excretion 3)fluid shift 4)strenuous exercise 5)extreme heat/dryness 6)fever (increased metabolic rate) | ||
| 1)7.35-7.45 2) 80-100 mm Hg 3) 22-27 mEq/L 4)35-45 mm Hg | ||
| Bicarbonate (PCO2) concentration corresponds with pH. | ||
| Absorbs nutrients H2O. | ||
| Blood, Lungs, Kidneys | ||
| 1) low blood volume 2)low serum Na 3) low BP 4)high serum K 5) low cardiac output | ||
| Result of hyperventilation. | ||
| Results from severe diarrhea or renal disease. | ||
| Water moves into cell and causes cell to swell. Fluid shift out of blood vessels into interstitial spaces. | ||
| Expands ECF volume. (same concentrate as plasma.) | ||
| 2nd line of defense for acid base balance. | ||
| Increases reabsorption of Na and water and excretion of K in kidneys. Causes vasoconstriction, increases BP. (main Na-retaining hormone) | ||
| Excessive retention of water and Na in extracellular fluid. | ||
| Net gain of water or loss of Na-rich fluids. | ||
| 1)weight gain 2)weakness, fatigue 3)dyspnea with exertion 4)pitting edema 4)JVD 5)taut, shiny skin 6)bounding pulse 7)shallow, rapid respiration 8)crackles 9)high BP 10)fluid intake > outake | ||
| Occurs through kidneys, skin, lungs and GI tract. | ||
| Bicarbonate (PCO2) has opposite response of pH. | ||
| Primary system in regulating fluid and electrolyte balance. | ||
| Hypothalamus controls thirst - thirst center. | ||
| 1)Filters blood 2)Excretes urine 3)Secretes aldosterone - reabsorbs Na, H2O and Cl and exceretes K. | ||
| 1)Regulates O2 and CO2 2)Eliminates H 3)Acid/Base Balance | ||
| Vegetables, nuts, fish | ||
| 1.3 - 2.1 mEq/L | ||
| 3.5 - 5 mEq/ L | ||
| 4.5 - 5.5 mEq/L | ||
| Result of hypoventilation. | ||
| Results from vomiting, gastric suction, K deficiency, increased renal excretion of acid. | ||
| Extreme thirst, sticky tongue and mucous membranes, postural hypotension. | ||
| serum sodium greater than 145 mEq/L | ||
| solution with greater concentration than plasma. | ||
| 1st line of defense of acid base balance. (immediate response, only small fluctuations) | ||
| Vomiting, diarrhea, abnormal drainage, excessive use of laxatives, enema, diuretics, blood loss, diaphoresis, burns | ||
| Water moves out of cell and causes cell to shrink. | ||
| 1)Increased pulse and respirations 2)decreased BP 3)output > intake 4)dry oral mucosa 5)increased thirst 6)weight loss (5lbs.) 7)scanty or concentrated urine 8)collapsed neck veins | ||
| Increases blood flow in the body and increases output. | ||
| 135 - 145 mEq/L | ||
| serum Sodium level less than 135 mEq/L | ||
| Point at which hemoglobin is saturated by O2. | ||
| loss that is perceived or is measurable. (wound drainage, GI tract, urine) | ||
| life threatening dysrhythmias | ||
| major electrolyte found in extracellular fluid | ||
| Water lost from body - no loss of electrolytes. | ||
| Continuous loss occurring through skin and lungs. | ||
| Regulates O2 and CO2, Acid/Base Balance and eliminates H+. | ||
| Excretes K and retains Na. | ||
| Body loses both water and electrolytes from the ECF. | ||
| Distributes nutrients and water throughout the body. | ||
| Major cation in the intracellular fluid. | ||
| potassium has action with sodium. | ||
| Released in response to decreased blood flow or decreased pressure in nephrons. | ||
| personality change, postural hypotension | ||
| hypoactive deep tendon reflexes | ||
| renal disease,cancer |
