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| 13441277624 | Electrostatics | The study of electricity at rest (static means "at rest") |  | 0 |
| 13441277625 | Electrical Forces | Produced by the interaction of the charged particles found in atoms (lightning is an electrical force). |  | 1 |
| 13441277626 | Nucleus of the Atom | Positively charged center of the atom. Made of protons (+) and neutrons (neutral). Charges cannot be taken from the nucleus. |  | 2 |
| 13441277627 | Electrons | NEGATIVELY charged part of an atom. They orbit the nucleus on the OUTSIDE of the atom and can be stripped away or added to atoms. All electrons are identical; they all have the same mass and negative charge. |  | 3 |
| 13441277628 | Protons | Positively charged part of the atom, found in the nucleus. All protons are identical and have the same positive charge. |  | 4 |
| 13441277629 | Charge (q) | A property of matter that comes in 2 types: positive (+) and negative (-). It is abbreviated with "q" and the unit of charge is the coulomb (c). |  | 5 |
| 13441277630 | Neutron | Neutral part of the atom's nucleus. Neutrons have slightly more mass than a proton. |  | 6 |
| 13441277631 | Net charge | The difference between the number of protons and electrons in an atom. |  | 7 |
| 13441277632 | Neutral atom | Equal number of positively charged protons and negatively charged electrons | | 8 |
| 13441277633 | Positively charged atom | Atom with more protons than electrons - electrons REMOVED!!! | | 9 |
| 13441277634 | Negatively charged atom | Atom with more electrons than protons - ELECTRONS ADDED!!! | | 10 |
| 13441277635 | Unlike charges | ATTRACT!!!! |  | 11 |
| 13441277636 | Like charges | REPEL! |  | 12 |
| 13441277637 | Ion | An atom that has a different number of electrons than protons. | | 13 |
| 13441277638 | Insulator | Something that does not let electrons flow freely, like plastic, rubber, glass & paper |  | 14 |
| 13441277639 | Conductor | Something that lets electrons flow through them freely, like metals. | | 15 |
| 13441277640 | Law of Conservation of Charge | Electrons are neither created nor destroyed, they are simply transferred from one material to another!!! Protons always remain in the nucleus! |  | 16 |
| 13441277641 | Coulomb (C) | The unit of electric charge, abbreviated "C". 1 C of charge contains 6.24 x 10^18 electrons or protons. | 17 | |
| 13441277642 | Coulomb's Law | The equation that calculates the electric force between two charges in relation to distance. The strength (size) of the force is inversely proportional to the distance (as distance increases, force of charge decreases and visa-versa). IN THE PICTURE "d" HAS BEEN REPLACED WITH "r" - SAME VARIABLE - WE WILL USE "d"!!! |  | 18 |
| 13441277643 | Free electrons | In conductors, they are the electrons that can move around free of their atoms. |  | 19 |
| 13441277644 | Charge by friction | Electrons move between materials that are in contact, as when electrons are transferred between fur and a rod when they are rubbed together. |  | 20 |
| 13441277645 | Charge by conduction | When a neutral object comes in contact with a charged object, electrons move between the objects, charging them both. |  | 21 |
| 13441277646 | Polarization | When a charged object is brought near a neutral object, but does not touch, and the charges inside rearrange and separate. |  | 22 |
| 13441277647 | Charge by induction | Begins with polarization - charges rearrange and then transfer |  | 23 |
| 13441277648 | Q | Symbol for Charge | 24 | |
| 13441277649 | k | Coulomb's Constant (9E9) | 25 | |
| 13441277650 | Difference between Gravitational Force and Electrostatic Force | Gravitational force is always an attractive force (it pulls things together). Electrostatic Force can be attractive or repulsive | 26 | |
| 13441277651 | How Gravitational Force and Electrostatic force are similar | Both are inverse square relationships between force and distance | 27 | |
| 13441277652 | 4 x bigger | WHat happens to Fe when the distance between 2 charges is cut in half | 28 | |
| 13441277653 | 1/9 as big | What happens to Fe when the distance between 2 charges is tripled | 29 | |
| 13441277654 | 9x bigger | What happens to Fe when the distance between 2 charges is reduced to 1/3 its original value | 30 | |
| 13441277655 | 1/4 as big | What happens to Fe when the distance between 2 charges is doubled | 31 | |
| 13441277656 | 2x bigger | What happens to Fe if one of the charges is doubled in magnitude | 32 | |
| 13441277657 | Positive charges | create electric fields that point away from them | 33 | |
| 13441277658 | Negative charges | Create electric fields that point into them | 34 | |
| 13441277659 | Heating by conduction | Heat transfer through physical contact with a heat source (steak cooking while sitting on a cast iron skillet) | 35 | |
| 13441277660 | Heating by Convection | Heat transfer through fluid current circulation (Air conditioning = hot air rises, and cool air falls) | 36 | |
| 13441277661 | Heating by radiation | Heat transfer through electromagnetic waves (sun heating the Earth from afar) | 37 |
