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| 3713964766 | Geography | The science that studies the relationships among natural systems, geographic areas, and human society and culture, and the interdependence of all of these over space. | 0 | |
| 3713973516 | Spatial | Refers to the nature and character of physical space, its measurement, and the distribution of things within it. | 1 | |
| 3713982122 | What are the five themes of geographic science? | 1. Location 2. region 3. human-Earth relationships 4. movement 5. place | 2 | |
| 3713986414 | Spatial Analysis | The examination of spatial interactions, patterns, and variations over area and/ or space; a key integrative approach of geography. | 3 | |
| 3713987562 | Process | A set of actions or mechanisms that operate in some special order, is a central concept of geographic analysis. | 4 | |
| 3713987563 | Physical Geography | Is the spatial analysis of all the physical elements, processes, and systems that make up the environment: energy, air, water, weather, climate, landforms. | 5 | |
| 3713989539 | Earth systems science | The area of study that seeks to understand Earth as a complete entity, an interacting set of physical, chemical, and biological systems. | 6 | |
| 3713989540 | Scientific Method | Is the traditional recipe of a scientific investigation: it can be thought of as simple, organized steps leading toward concrete, objective conclusions. | 7 | |
| 3714038313 | Sustainability science | Emerged as a new, integrative discipline, broadly based on concepts of sustainable development related to functioning Earth systems. | 8 | |
| 3714045966 | System | Any set of ordered, interrelated components and their attributes, linked by flows of energy and matter, as distinct from the surrounding environment outside the system. | 9 | |
| 3714054691 | Open system | A system with inputs and outputs crossing back and forth between the system and the surrounding environment. Earth is one of these in terms of energy | 10 | |
| 3714068808 | Closed system | A system that is shut off from the surrounding environment so that it is self- contained. | 11 | |
| 3714074926 | Feedback loops | Created when a portion of system output is returned as an information input, causing changes that guide further system operation. | 12 | |
| 3714076334 | Negative Feedback | Feedback that tend to slow or dampen responses in a system; promotes self-regulation in a system; far more common than positive feedback in living systems. | 13 | |
| 3714076335 | Positive Feedback | Feedback that amplifies or encourages responses in a system. | 14 | |
| 3714079818 | Steady- state equilibrium | The condition that occurs in a system when the rates of input and output are equal and the amounts of energy and stored matter are nearly constant around a stable average. | 15 | |
| 3714079819 | Dynamic equilibrium | Increasing or decreasing operations in a system demonstrate a trend over time, a change in average conditions. | 16 | |
| 3807577546 | threshold | a moment in which a system can no longer maintain its character, so it lurches to a new operational level | 17 | |
| 3807577547 | model | a simplified version of a system, representing an idealized part of the real world | 18 | |
| 3807577548 | abiotic | earths nonliving systems of energy and materials | 19 | |
| 3807578594 | biotic | earths living systems of organisms | 20 | |
| 3807578595 | atmosphere | the thin veil of gasses surrounding Earth, which forms a protective boundary between outer space and the biosphere; generally considered to extend out about 480 km from Earth's surface | 21 | |
| 3807584935 | hydrosphere | an abiotic open system that includes all of Earth's water | 22 | |
| 3807585094 | cryosphere | the frozen portion of Earth's waters, including ice sheets, ice caps and fields, glaciers, ice shelves, sea ice, and subsurface ground ice | 23 | |
| 3807586477 | lithosphere | Earth's crust and that portion of the uppermost mantle directly below the crust, extending down about 70km. Some sources use this term to refer to the entire Earth | 24 | |
| 3807586478 | biosphere | That area where the atmosphere, and hydrosphere function together to form the context within which life exists; an intricate web which connects all organisms with their physical environment | 25 | |
| 3807587847 | geodesy | The science that determines Earth's shape and size through surveys, mathematical means, and remote sensing | 26 | |
| 3807749845 | geoid | a word that describes Earth's shape | 27 | |
| 3807749846 | latitude | the angular distance measure north or south of the equator from a point at the center of Earth. | 28 | |
| 3807750689 | parallel | a line connecting all points of the same latitudinal angle | 29 | |
| 3807750690 | longitude | the angular distance measured east or west of a prime meridian from a point at the center of Earth | 30 | |
| 3807752696 | meridian | a line designating an angle of longitude | 31 | |
| 3807752697 | prime meridian | an arbitrary meridian designated as 0 longitude, the points where longitudes are measured east or west | 32 | |
| 3807755380 | great circle | any circle drawn on a globe with its center coinciding with the center of the globe | 33 | |
| 3807757105 | Greenwich Mean Time(GMT) | former world standard time | 34 | |
| 3807759667 | Coordinated Universal Tome (UTC) | the official reference time in all countries,now measured by primary standard atomic clocks | 35 | |
| 3807762934 | International Date Line (IDL) | the 180 degree meridian, an important corollary to the prime meridian on the opposite side of the planet, established by an 1884 treaty to mark the place where each day officially begins | 36 | |
| 3807765199 | Daylight saving time | time is set ahead one hour in the spring and set back one hour in the fall in the Northern Hemisphere. | 37 | |
| 3807765200 | map | a generalized view of an area, usually some portion of Earth's surface, as seen from above at a generally reduced size | 38 | |
| 3807767566 | cartography | the making of maps and charts | 39 | |
| 3807768711 | scale | the ratio of the distance on a map to that in the real world; expressed as a representative fraction | 40 | |
| 3807768712 | map projection | the reduction of a spherical globe onto a flat surface in some orderly and systematic realignment of the latitude and longitude grid | 41 | |
| 3807772277 | equal area | a trait of a map projection; indicates the equivalence of all areas on the surface of the map, although shape is distorted | 42 | |
| 3807772278 | true shape | a map property showing the correct configuration of coastlines | 43 | |
| 3807775672 | Mercator projection | a true shape projection, with meridians appearing as equally spaced lines | 44 | |
| 3810886832 | rhumb line | a line of constant compass direction, or constant bearing, that crosses successive meridians at the same angle; appears as a straight line only on the Mercator projection | 45 | |
| 3810888064 | Global Positioning System (GPS) | 46 | ||
| 3810888792 | remote sensing | 47 | ||
| 3810890659 | Geographic Information System (GIS) | 48 | ||
| 3810892501 | Milky Way Galaxy | 49 | ||
| 3810892502 | gravity | 50 | ||
| 3810894204 | planetesimal hypothesis | 51 | ||
| 3810894859 | speed of light | 52 | ||
| 3810894860 | perihelion | 53 | ||
| 3810895858 | aphelion | 54 | ||
| 3810895859 | fusion | 55 | ||
| 3810895875 | sunspots | 56 | ||
| 3810896639 | solar wind | 57 | ||
| 3810896640 | magnetosphere | 58 | ||
| 3810897500 | auroras | 59 | ||
| 3810898729 | electromagnetic spectrum | 60 | ||
| 3810898730 | wavelength | 61 | ||
| 3810899442 | thermopause | 62 | ||
| 3810900649 | insulation | 63 | ||
| 3810901115 | solar constant | 64 |
