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| 6360298484 | Italian Sonnet | Often called the Petrarchan Sonnet, this sonnet consists of a rhymed octave and a rhymed sestet; the rhyme pattern abba abba is applies to the octave; the sestet employs a variety of rhyme patterns using two rhymes (ex. cdcdcd). | 0 | |
| 6360298485 | Shakespearean Sonnet | Also called the English Sonnet, this sonnet consists of three quatrains (each with a rhyme-scheme of its own) and the last two lines are a rhyming couplet. The typical rhyme-scheme for the English sonnet is ABAB CDCD EFEF GG | 1 | |
| 6360298486 | Spenserian Sonnet | A sonnet consisting of three quatrains and a concluding couplet in iambic pentameter with an interlocking rhyme scheme of abab bcbd cdcd ee | 2 | |
| 6360298487 | volta / turn | The place in a sonnet when the content changes from stating the problem to providing the solution. | 3 | |
| 6360298488 | octave | A group of eight lines in a poem. In an Italian sonnet, it represents the "problem" of the poem. | 4 | |
| 6360298489 | sestet | A group of six lines in a poem. In an Italian sonnet, it represents the "solution" of the poem. | 5 | |
| 6360298490 | pastoral poetry | Poetry idealizing the lives of shepherds and country folk, although the term is often used loosely to include any poem featuring a rural aspect. | 6 | |
| 6360298491 | Queen Elizabeth I of England | (553-1603) The "virgin" queen who ruled England for 50 years and was one of the most successful monarchs in English History. She supported the arts, increased the treasury, supported the exploration of the New World, built up the military, and established the Church of England as the main religion in England. |  | 7 |
| 6360298492 | King Henry VIII of England | (1491-1547) King of England, he split with the Catholic Church and declared himself head of the Church of England, or Anglican Church. |  | 8 |
| 6360298493 | The Globe | Elizabethan theatre built in 1598 by Richard Burbage for Lord Chamberlain's Men |  | 9 |
| 6360298494 | The Lord Chamberlain's Men | A company of actors for which Shakespeare wrote for most of his career. Richard Burbage played most of the lead roles, including Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth, while Shakespeare himself performed some secondary roles. | 10 | |
| 6360298495 | William Shakespeare | (1564 - 1616) English poet and playwright considered one of the greatest writers of the English language; works include Julius Caesar, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet, and Hamlet. |  | 11 |
| 6360298496 | The Spanish Armada | One of the largest military fleets in the history of warfare which was sent to attack England in 1588. The smaller English fleet was able to defeat the armada by using its ease of maneuverability and ended Spain's domination of the Atlantic Ocean and made England the major naval power. |  | 12 |
| 6360298497 | Mary, Queen of Scots | Mary Stuart was Queen of Scotland from 1542 to 1567 and Queen consort of France from 1559 to 1560. She previously claimed Elizabeth's throne as her own and was considered the legitimate sovereign of England by many English Catholics. Perceiving her as a threat, Elizabeth had her confined in various castles and manor houses in the interior of England. After eighteen and a half years in custody, Mary was found guilty of plotting to assassinate Elizabeth, and was subsequently executed. |  | 13 |
| 6360298500 | revenge tragedy | A dramatic form popular during the Elizabethan Age in which the protagonist, usually directed by the ghost of a murdered family member or friend, inflicts retaliation upon a powerful villain (usually because the government or ruler can't or won't intervene). Notable features of the revenge tragedy include violence, bizarre criminal acts, intrigue, insanity, a hesitant protagonist, and the use of soliloquy. Thomas Kyd's Spanish Tragedy is the first example in English, and William Shakespeare's Hamlet is perhaps the best known. | 14 | |
| 6360298501 | The Church of England | The English church renounced papal authority when Henry VIII broke with Rome to secure an annulment from Catherine of Aragon. The English Reformation accelerated under Edward VI's regents before a brief restoration of Catholicism under Queen Mary I and Philip II of Spain. The Act of Supremacy of 1558 renewed the breach and the Elizabethan Settlement charted a course whereby the English church was to be both Catholic and Reformed. | 15 | |
| 6360298502 | Queen Mary I of England | The Queen of England and Ireland from 1553 until 1558. Her executions of Protestants led to the posthumous sobriquet "Bloody Mary". She was the only child of Henry VIII and his first wife Catherine of Aragon who survived to adulthood. In 1554, Mary married Philip of Spain, becoming queen consort after Philip's accession in 1556. Mary is remembered for her restoration of Roman Catholicism after the short-lived Protestant reign of her half-brother. During her five-year reign, she had over 280 religious dissenters burned at the stake. Her re-establishment of Roman Catholicism was reversed after her death in 1558 by her younger half-sister and successor Elizabeth I, daughter of Henry and Anne Boleyn. |  | 16 |
| 6360298516 | blank verse | Unrhymed Iambic pentameter; the style of speech Shakespeare used with most of his main / noble characters. | 17 | |
| 6360298517 | prose | Regular, non-metered language; the style of speech Shakespeare used with most of his lower-class, comedic characters. | 18 | |
| 6360298518 | iambic pentameter | A common meter in poetry consisting of an unrhymed line with five feet or accents, each foot containing an unaccented syllable and an accented syllable. | 19 | |
| 6360298519 | soliloquy | A type of monologue in which a character talks to himself or herself (usually alone on stage) or reveals his or her thoughts without directly addressing a listener. | 20 | |
| 6360298520 | monologue | A long speech spoken by a character to himself, another character, or to the audience | 21 | |
| 6360298521 | dialogue | Conversation between characters in a story or play | 22 | |
| 6360298522 | aside | A dramatic convention by which an actor directly addresses the audience but it is not supposed to be heard by the other actors on the stage. | 23 | |
| 6360298523 | comic relief | An amusing scene, incident, or speech introduced into serious or tragic elements, as in a play, in order to provide temporary relief from tension, or to intensify the dramatic action. | 24 | |
| 6360298524 | pun | A joke exploiting the different possible meanings of a word or the fact that there are words that sound alike but have different meanings. | 25 | |
| 6360298525 | extended metaphor | A comparison between two unlike things that continues throughout a series of sentences in a paragraph or lines in a poem. | 26 |
