Abdominal emergencies
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| 6871640710 | Parietal pain | A localized, intense pain that arises from the parietal peritoneum, the lining of the a abdominal cavity. (Often referred to as peritoneal tenderness) | 0 | |
| 6871640711 | Peritoneum | The membrane that lines the abdominal cavity. | 1 | |
| 6871640712 | Referred pain | Pain that is felt in a location other than where the pain originates | 2 | |
| 6871640713 | retroperitoneal space | The area posterior to the peritoneum, between the peritoneum and the back, The area between the abdomen in the back | 3 | |
| 6871640714 | Tearing pain | A sharp pain that feels as if the body tissues are being torn apart. ( is not the most common type of abdominal pain) | 4 | |
| 6871640715 | Visceral pain | A poorly localized, dull or diffuse pain that arises from the abdominal organs, are viscera. Comes from the hollow organs | 5 | |
| 6871640716 | The abdomen | The area below the diaphragm in above pelvis,,,, contains a variety of organs that perform digestive reproductive endocrine and regulatory functions. | 6 | |
| 6871640717 | What are the quadrants of the abdomen | Upper right quadrant, left upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, left lower quadrant, RUQ, RLQ, LUQ,LLQ | 7 | |
| 6871640718 | How many quadrants does the abdomen have | 4 | 8 | |
| 6871640719 | What are the two layers of the peritoneum? | Visceral and Parietal | 9 | |
| 6871640720 | What organs are included in the Peritoneum? | Stomach liver spleen appendix small and large colon and in women the uterus fallopian tube and ovary's | 10 | |
| 6871640721 | The visceral pericardium does what, while the parietal peritoneum is attached to what | Covers the organs, while the parietal peritoneu is attached to the abdominal wall, A slight space between the two of them contain lubricating fluid | 11 | |
| 6871640722 | Structures and organs of the abdomen are | Esophagus stomach small intestine and large intestine to the Pendix liver gallbladder splitting pancreas kidneys Blatter | 12 | |
| 6871640723 | Esophagus | Is a hollow structure that carries food from the mouth and pharynx to the stomach | 13 | |
| 6871640724 | Stomach | A hollow structure that is an expandable organ located below the diaphragm and connected to the esophagus and small intestines begins the breakdown of food | 14 | |
| 6871640725 | Small intestines | A hollow structure consisting of the duodenum (the first part of the small intestine, which receives partially digested food from the stomach and begins the absorption of nutrients. The duodenum is the shortest segment of the intestine and is about 23 to 28 cm (9 to 11 inches) long. It is roughly horseshoe-shaped, with the open end up and to the left, and it lies behind the liver.),jejunum,(is the middle segment of the small intestine found between the duodenum and the ileum. Most of the nutrients present in food are absorbed by the jejunum before being passed on to the ileum for further absorption.)and ileum,(the final and longest segment of the small intestine. It is specifically responsible for the absorption of vitamin B12 and the reabsorption of conjugated bile salts. The ileum is about 3.5 metres (11.5 feet) long ) it take stomach contents and removes nutrients as it passes its contents to the large intestines | 15 | |
| 6871640726 | Large intestines | Hollow structure that absorbs fluids from its contents creating fecal waste for excretion through the rectum and anus | 16 | |
| 6871640727 | Appendix | Hollow Lymphatic that is a dead end sac of bowel rich in Lymphatic tissue has no function in digestion. it may become infected and cause appendicitis causing pain and requiring surgery | 17 | |
| 6871640728 | Liver | A solid structure. It's involved in regulating levels of carbohydrates in other substances in the blood. It is involved in bile secretion for digestion of fats and has many other functions including detoxification of the blood | 18 | |
| 6871640729 | Gallbladder | Hollow structure that stores bile before it's released into the intestines | 19 | |
| 6871640730 | Spleen | Solid lymphatic tissue that removes abnormal blood sales and is involved in the immune response | 20 | |
| 6871640731 | Pancreas | Solid structure that releases enzymes that assist in breaking down food in the small intestine into absorbable molecules it also secrete hormones into the blood that regulate blood sugar levels | 21 | |
| 6871640732 | Kidneys | Solid urinary structure that filter and excrete waste. they also regulate water blood and electrolyte levels and assist the liver with detoxification | 22 | |
| 6871640733 | Bladder | A hollow urinary structure that collects urine from the kidneys prior to excretion (urination) | 23 | |
| 6871640734 | Appendicitis | inflammation of the appendix, the closed-end tube attached to the cecum, the first region of the large intestine. While some cases are mild and may resolve on their own, most require the removal of the inflamed appendix through abdominal surgery (usually via laparotomy or laparoscopy), often leaving a small scar or scars. If untreated, there is a high risk of peritonitis, in which the inflamed appendix bursts; shock and death can result. About one and 15 people can develop appendicitis. Symptoms include nausea and sometimes vomiting pain in the area followed by persistent pain in the right lower quadrant. | 24 | |
| 6871640735 | Peritonitis | inflammation of the peritoneum, the membrane that lines the abdominal wall and then folds in to enclose the abdominal organs. The condition is marked by an accumulation of cells, pus, and other bodily fluids, such as serum and fibrin, in the peritoneal cavity (between the two folds of the peritoneal membrane) and by abdominal pain and distension, vomiting, and fever.Peritonitis may be acute or chronic, generalized or localized. Acute peritonitis is usually caused by inflammation elsewhere in the body and may be due to a number of causes, such as bacterial invasion from an infected structure, blood or other fluids from a ruptured organ. A perforated gastrointestinal tract, notably a ruptured appendix, is a common cause of peritonitis. | 25 | |
| 6871640736 | Cholecystitis/Gallstones | Cholecystitis is it inflammation of the gallbladder often caused by gallstones. patients with this condition experience severe and sometimes upper right quadrant are epigastric pain which may radiate to the shoulder.( often pain is confused with chest pain)and may be difficult to distinguish from cardiac complaints ............>can be worsen by certain ingestion of foods high in fat and abruptly end as a stone frees itself and it passes | 26 | |
| 6871640737 | Pancreatitis | Inflammation of the pancreas commonly associated with patients with chronic alcohol problems. Pain is found in the epigastric area. Pain may radiate to the back and or to the shoulders, because the pancreas is located behind the stomach this is a serious condition advance cases came present signs of shock. | 27 | |
| 6871640738 | Gastrointestinal (GI) Bleeding | G.I. bleeding came be from the esophagus to the rectum, depending on the size or source of the blood vessel it can be gradual or sudden and massive. Blood can pass through the rectum or through the mail patient also reports abnormal stores that are dark black or maroon in color and are tarry in appearance. Or May simply just passed blood, vomiting of Frank blood or coffee grounds (coffee grounds appearance is due to the partial breakdown of blood in the digestive enzymes). Most commonly in patients with ulcers in the stomach gastric ulcers could result in the patient becoming pale and week over a period of days two weeks could develop signs and symptoms of shock if this source of bleeding is from a larger blood vessel the patient may present with breast bleeding from the rectum him and her vomiting of either bright red blood or material that resembles coffee grounds this type of bleeding is associated with the sudden onset of signs and symptoms of hypoperfusion,, patients with Esophagus bleeding could have blood vessels Repsher creating a massive upper G.I. bleed because of it's proximity to the pharynx , can threaten the airway impose a serious life threat. | 28 | |
| 6871640739 | Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | Also known as AAA a aortic aneurysm is a ballooning are weakening in the wall of the aorta as it passes through the abdomen. The weakening results in a tearing of the internal layer of a blood vessel which allows blood to escape into the week or outer layers. the affected area can grow and rupture gradually. ruptures are associated with a higher rate of death. You may also encounter a patient with a slow leaking AAA usually present with gradual development. Abdominal pain described as sharp pain or tearing pain that may radiate to the back. Ruptures of the aorta typically cause rapid onset of excruciating abdominal and back pain signs of shock are usually present, it requires immediate transport. | 29 | |
| 6871640740 | Hernia | Is a hole in the muscle layers of the abdominal wall allowing tissue usually intestines to protrude up against the skin. This can be aggravated by heavy lifting or straining and that will cause the intestines to push through a weak spot and part of the abdominal wall. causes onset pain that maybe palpated as a mass or lump on the abdominal wall or a creases of the groin, it is a life-threatening condition only if the hernia causes an obstruction or twisting in the intestines. | 30 | |
| 6871640741 | Renal Colic | Kidneys may form hard or small stones that began to descendent on to the urethra on the way to the bladder can call severe flank pain that often radiates anteriorly to the groin area, severe pain may occur also causing nausea or vomiting. | 31 | |
| 6871640742 | Cardiac Involvement | Pain from a heart attack, MI , myocardial infarction, Maybe felt as abdominal discomfort, often described as Indigestion or digestive discomfort, commonly felt in the esophagus region always consider cardiac in nature until proven otherwise | 32 | |
| 6871640743 | Assessment of patient with abdominal distress | Scene size up BSI primary assessment, consider oxygen, patient history, explore site, palpitate abdominal quadrants, conduct physical examination as necessary, transport patient PCR, in female patients consider ectopic pregnancies, ruptured ovarian cyst, pelvic inflammatory disease, menstrual irregularities, these questions may be personal but it's a very important part of the assessment. Vital signs should be taken every five minutes pulse respiration blood pressure skin color temperature condition and pulse oximetry mental status is also important to observe, never give a patient with a complaint of a abdominal pain or discomfort anything by mouth!, try to work to keep the comp the patient calm and reduce anxiety | 33 | |
| 6871640744 | List 4 solid structure organs in the abdomen | Liver, kidney, spleen, pancreas | 34 | |
| 6871640745 | List 6 Hollow structure organs found in the abdomen | Appendix, large intestines, small intestine, stomach, bladder, gallbladder | 35 | |
| 6871640746 | What are the important questions when doing an assessment on a female patient who's chief complaint is abdominal pain | Where are you in your menstrual cycle? Is your period late? Do you have bleeding from the vagina now that is not menstrual bleeding?. If you are menstruating,is the flow normal?have you had this pain before? If so when did it happen and what was it like? | 36 | |
| 6871640747 | Do you older people have a decreased ability to perceive pain? | Older people may have decreased ability to perceive pain, this will of course make obtaining a history and description of the pain or discomfort more difficult remember all the patients are more likely to have serious causes of abdominal pain. | 37 |
