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| 4213785355 | The ________ is a muscular structure that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity | Diaphragm | 0 | |
| 4213785356 | _________ is an active process in which the intercostal (rib) muscles and the diaphragm contract, expanding the size of the chest cavity and causing air to flow into the lungs | Inspiration (Inhalation) | 1 | |
| 4213785357 | _________ is a passive process in which the intercostal (rib) muscles and diaphragm relax, causing the chest cavity to decrease in size and forcing air from the lungs | Expiration (Exhalation) | 2 | |
| 4213785358 | ________ breathing is breathing that is sufficient to support life, while ________ breathing is not | Adequate, inadequate | 3 | |
| 4213785359 | Average respiratory rates: Adults __-__ BPM Children __-__ BPM Infants __-__ BPM | Adults - 12-20 Children - 15-30 Infants - 25-50 | 4 | |
| 4213785360 | ________ respirations (also called dying respirations) are sporadic, irregular breaths that are usually seen just before respiratory arrest. They are shallow and gasping with only a few BPM | Agonal | 5 | |
| 4213785361 | In order of preference, the means for providing assisted ventilation are ______ _______ _______ with supplemental oxygen, ____-Rescuer BVM, _______, and _____-Rescuer BVM | Pocket face mask, Two-Rescuer BVM, FROPVD, and One-Rescuer BVM | 6 | |
| 4213785362 | If a patient with inadequate breathing is conscious enough to fight artificial ventilation, ______ immediately and contact _______ _______ | Transport, Medical Control | 7 | |
| 4213785363 | The adequate rate for artificial ventilation for adults is ___ BPM and ___ BPM for infants and children | 12, 20 | 8 | |
| 4213785364 | ________ leads to elimination of more carbon dioxide, which changes the blood chemistry and can result in constriction of the blood vessels in the brain, leading to decreased perfusion of the brain | Hyperventilation | 9 | |
| 4213785365 | The pulse in adults will usually increase when there is a lack of oxygen, therefore, a pulse that remains the same or increases may indicate _______ _______ _______ | Inadequate artificial ventilation | 10 | |
| 4213785366 | When using a pulse oximeter, it is best to get a "_____ _____" reading prior to giving the patient supplemental oxygen if the pulse ox is readily available | "Room Air" | 11 | |
| 4213785367 | Never _______ oxygen administration to obtain an O2 sat reading | Delay | 12 | |
| 4213785368 | _______ should be administered to all patients with respiratory distress regardless of their O2 saturation | Oxygen | 13 | |
| 4213785369 | A pulse oximeter reading of ___-___ is considered normal | 96-100 | 14 | |
| 4213785370 | _______ are high pitched sounds that seem almost musical in nature. Are created by air moving through narrowed passages in the lungs. Most commonly heard on _______. Common in asthma and sometimes in emphysema and chronic bronchitis | Wheezing, expiration | 15 | |
| 4213785371 | ________ are a fine crackling or bubbling sound heard on ________. Caused by fluid in the alveoli or by the opening of closed alveoli | Crackles | 16 | |
| 4213785372 | _______ are lower-pitched sounds that resemble snoring or rattling. Caused by secretions in larger airways as might be seen in pneumonia or bronchitis when materials are aspirated into the lungs. Generally louder than crackles | Rhonchi | 17 | |
| 4213785373 | _______ is a high-pitched sound heard on ________. It is an upper airway sound indicating partial obstruction of the trachea or larynx. Typically audible without a stethoscope | Stridor, inspiration | 18 | |
| 4213785374 | ________ is the main treatment for any patient in respiratory difficulty | Oxygen | 19 | |
| 4213785375 | A patient with difficulty breathing should be placed in the position of _______ | Comfort | 20 | |
| 4213785376 | ________ ________ ________ ________ (CPAP) is a form of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) consisting of a mask and a means of blowing oxygen or air into the mask to prevent airway collapse or to help alleviate difficulty breathing | Continuous positive airway pressure | 21 | |
| 4213785377 | Blowing oxygen or air continuously at a low pressure into the airway prevents the ______ from collapsing at the end of exhalation, and it can also push fluid out of the alveoli back into the capillaries that surround them | Alveoli | 22 | |
| 4213785378 | Common CPAP uses include ______ ______ and _______, in which there is fluid in the alveoli that can be pushed out of the alveoli and back into the capillaries, and _____ and _____, in which the alveoli are at risk of closing at the end of exhalation | Pulmonary edema and drowning, COPD and asthma | 23 | |
| 4213785379 | CPAP contraindications include a ______ ______ so depressed that the patient cannot protect his airway or follow instructions, lack a normal, spontaneous RR, can't sit up, ________ (less that 90 mm Hg), and inability to get/maintain a mask seal. Considered ________-________ contraindications | Mental status, hypotension, Anatomic-physiologic | 24 | |
| 4213785380 | CPAP contraindications include _______ and _______, ________ chest trauma (pneumothorax), shock, GI bleeding/gastric surgery, and any condition preventing a good mask seal. _______ contraindications | Nausea and vomiting, penetrating, Pathologic | 25 | |
| 4213785381 | A side of effect of CPAP is a drop in ___ | B/P (patient must have a systolic of at least 90 mmHg) | 26 | |
| 4213785382 | There is a risk that using the CPAP may cause a weakened area to rupture, causing the lung to collapse (__________) | Pneumothorax | 27 | |
| 4213785383 | Patients who are _______ have an increased risk of aspiration because positive pressure can push air in the stomach, causing gastric distention | Vomiting | 28 | |
| 4213785384 | Emphysema, chronic bronchitis, black lung, and many undetermined respiratory illnesses that cause problems like emphysema are classified as ______ ______ _______ ________ | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD) | 29 | |
| 4213785385 | ________ cause an overwhelming majority of cases of COPD | Cigarettes | 30 | |
| 4213785386 | In ______ _______, the bronchiole lining is inflamed and excess mucus if formed. The cells in the bronchioles that normally clear away accumulations of mucus (Cilia) are not able to do so, due to being damaged or destroyed | Chronic bronchitis | 31 | |
| 4213785387 | In _______, the walls of the alveoli break down, greatly reducing the surface area for diffusion, and causing the lungs to lose elasticity. Causes _______ _______ to be trapped in the lungs, reducing the effectiveness of normal breathing efforts | Emphysema, carbon dioxide | 32 | |
| 4213785388 | Usually the reason that a COPD patient calls an ambulance is that a recent ______ _____ _____ has caused an acute worsening of the chronic disease. Signs of this occurring are a _______ and green or dark sputum | Upper respiratory infection, fever | 33 | |
| 4213785389 | In COPD patients, the drive to breath is based on low levels of _______ rather than high levels of _______ _______ | Oxygen, carbon dioxide | 34 | |
| 4213785390 | ________ is a chronic disease that has episodic exacerbations or flares. The small bronchioles that lead to the air sacs of the lungs become narrowed because of contractions of the muscles that make up the airway. _______ is the common sound associated with this disease | Asthma, wheezing | 35 | |
| 4213785391 | Patients with ______ _______ _______ (CHF) may experience difficulty breathing because of fluid that accumulates in the lungs, preventing them from breathing adequately. Known as ________ ________ | Congestive Heart Failure, Pulmonary Edema | 36 | |
| 4213785392 | Pulmonary edema usually occurs because the ______ side of the heart has been damaged, often because of a _______ ________ or chronic ________ | Left, Myocardial infarction, hypertension | 37 | |
| 4213785393 | Patients with CHF often have ______ and ______ sided heart failure | Left and right | 38 | |
| 4213785394 | The pressure that is backed up into systemic circulation can often be seen as ______ ______ in the lower legs | Dependent edema | 39 | |
| 4213785395 | Patients with CHF will often have a ________ lung sound due to fluid being backed up in the lower lungs | Crackling | 40 | |
| 4213785396 | _______ is very useful on CHF and pulmonary edema, as it will help push fluid out of the lungs | CPAP | 41 | |
| 4213785397 | _______ is an infection of one or both of the lungs caused by a bacteria, virus, or fungi | Pneumonia | 42 | |
| 4213785398 | Some of the most common signs and symptoms of pneumonia are ______ and severe ______ | Fever and chills | 43 | |
| 4213785399 | When a lung collapses without injury or any other obvious cause, it is known as _______ ________ | Spontaneous pneumothorax | 44 | |
| 4213785400 | A small, weak section of the lung is called a ______, and is the cause for spontaneous pneumothorax. _____, thin people and smokers are at high risk for developing spontaneous pneumothorax | Bleb, Tall | 45 | |
| 4213785401 | ______ cannot be used on patients with spontaneous pneumothorax | CPAP | 46 | |
| 4213785402 | A _______ _______ is a blood clot, air, or fat trying to go through the blood vessels, getting stuck and blocking an artery in the lungs | Pulmonary embolism | 47 | |
| 4213785403 | A blood clot that starts in a vein, often in the leg or pelvis, is known as a ______ _______ _______ (DVT). Sedentary people and patients with cancer are typical patients with this sign | Deep vein thrombosis | 48 | |
| 4213785404 | ________ is an infection in the area above and around the epiglottis, causing swelling | Epiglottitis | 49 | |
| 4213785405 | ________, ________, and a _______ are signs that a patient has epiglottits | Drooling, stridor, fever | 50 | |
| 4213785406 | You should never inspect the _______ when epiglottitis is suspected, keep the patient calm and transport | Throat | 51 | |
| 4213785407 | _______ _______ is a genetic disease that typically appears in childhood, and causes thick, sticky mucus that accumulates in the lungs and digestive system | Cystic fibrosis | 52 | |
| 4213785408 | ______ _______ _______ are one of the most common afflictions a person may get | Viral respiratory infections | 53 | |
| 4213785409 | _________ is constriction or blockage of the bronchi that lead from the trachea to the lungs | Bronchoconstriction | 54 | |
| 4213785410 | Inhalers or MDIs dilate the air passages, making breathing easier (_________) | Bronchodilators | 55 | |
| 4213785411 | _______ devices make the exact timing of using an inhaler less critical | Spacer | 56 | |
| 4213785412 | If assisting a patient with their inhaler, make sure the patient holds their breath as long as possible to allow the medication to be _______ | Absorbed | 57 | |
| 4213785413 | ________ a medication involves running oxygen or air through a liquid medication | Nebulizing | 58 | |
| 4213785414 | Patients using a nebulizer may experience an increased ____, tremors, nervousness, or a jittery feeling | H/R | 59 | |
| 4213785415 | Inadequate ventilations are likely to cause a ________ pulse in pediatric patients | Decreased | 60 | |
| 4213785416 | The use of an ________ inhaler is the most impactful in reversing an asthmatic patient's condition | Albuterol | 61 |
