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| 5184019942 | The ____________________ (RAS) is a series of neurological circuits in the brain that control the functions of staying awake, paying attention, and sleeping | Reticular Activating System | 0 | |
| 5184019943 | _______ is needed to perfuse brain tissue, _______ is needed to nourish brain tissue, and _______ is needed to keep brain tissue hydrated | Oxygen, glucose, water | 1 | |
| 5184019944 | One of the most common causes of AMS is _______ | Hypoxia | 2 | |
| 5184019945 | Asking a children's ________ can usually give you the most information regarding their mental status | Parents | 3 | |
| 5184019946 | _______ is a form of sugar, the body's basic source of energy | Glucose | 4 | |
| 5184019947 | The glucose molecule is large and will not pass into most of the cells without the assistance of _______ | Insulin | 5 | |
| 5184019948 | The pancreas secretes insulin when the blood glucose rises above about ___ mg/dL | 90 mg/dL | 6 | |
| 5184019949 | _______ is a hormone produced by the pancreas or taken as medication by many diabetics | Insulin | 7 | |
| 5184019950 | _______________ is the condition brought about by decreased insulin production or the inability of the body cells to use insulin properly | Diabetes Mellitus | 8 | |
| 5184019951 | Type __ diabetes occurs when pancreatic cells fail to function properly and insulin is not secreted normally. Does not have enough insulin in the system to transfer circulating glucose into the cells | Type-1 | 9 | |
| 5184019952 | ______ and ______ are acronyms for Type II diabetic patients presenting with hyerglycemia | HHNK (Hyperosmolic, Hyperglycemic, Non-Ketonic) and HONK (Hyper Osmolic, Non-Ketonic | 10 | |
| 5184019953 | Type __ diabetes occurs when the body's cells fail to use insulin properly. The pancreas may be secreting enough insulin, but the body is unable to use it to move glucose out of the blood and into the cells | Type 2 | 11 | |
| 5184019954 | _________ means low blood sugar | Hypoglycemia | 12 | |
| 5184019955 | Hypoglycemia can be caused by taking too ______ insulin, not eating, over______, vomiting, and increasing metabolic rate by ______ or _______ | Too much, overexertion, fever or shivering | 13 | |
| 5184019956 | Hypoglycemia typically has a very _______ onset, often mimics a drunken stupor. Also activates sympathetic nervous system, causing __________ skin, tachycardia, and _______ breathing | Rapid, pale/sweaty, rapid | 14 | |
| 5184019957 | When it can be given without threatening the patient's airway, ____________ should be administered promptly, before the patient loses consciousness | Oral glucose | 15 | |
| 5184019958 | ________ is high blood sugar | Hyerglycemia | 16 | |
| 5184019959 | Hyperglycemia is usually caused by a decrease in ________, which leaves sugar in the bloodstream rather than helping it to enter the cells | Insulin | 17 | |
| 5184019960 | Hyperglycemia has a very ______ onset, with patient complaining of chronic ______ or _______, and increased urination | Slow, thirst or hunger | 18 | |
| 5184019961 | ________________ (DKA) is a condition that occurs as a result high blood sugar, characterized by dehydration, AMS, and shock | Diabetic Ketoacidosis | 19 | |
| 5184019962 | Only Type ___ Diabetics can present with DKA | Type I | 20 | |
| 5184019963 | The main difference between Type I and Type II diabetes is that Type I can present with ________ | Ketones | 21 | |
| 5184019964 | A person with DKA will commonly have a profound AMS, and signs and symptoms of severe ______, caused by dehydration | Shock | 22 | |
| 5184019965 | A waste product of DKA is ketones, which emit a _____________ odor on exhalation | Fruity, acetone | 23 | |
| 5184019966 | A blood glucose reading of less than ___ mg/dL in a symptomatic diabetic is typical of hypoglycemia and indicates the need for prompt administration of glucose | 60 mg/dL | 24 | |
| 5184019967 | Patients with a blood glucose reading of less than ___ mg/dL will have significant AMS that may include unconsciousness | 50 mg/dL | 25 | |
| 5184019968 | A blood glucose reading of over ____ mg/dL indicates hyperglycemia | 140 mg/dL | 26 | |
| 5184019969 | A patient with a blood glucose of over ____ mg/dL, especially for a long period of time, may experience dehydration and other more serious symptoms | 300 mg/dL | 27 | |
| 5184019970 | Oral Glucose Indications: Contraindications: Dose: Route: Effects: Side Effects: | Oral Glucose Indications: Patients with AMS and a history of diabetes Contraindications: Unconsciousness, known diabetic who has not taken insulin for days, unable to swallow Dose: One tube Route: Buccal, oral Effects: Increases blood sugar Side Effects: None when given properly | 28 | |
| 5184019971 | ________ has a slow onset, as opposed to _______, which has an acute onset | Hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia | 29 | |
| 5184019972 | ________ patients usually have ____________, and ______ skin. ________ patients usually have cold, pale, moist/clammy skin | Hyperglycemic, warm, red, dry, Hypoglycemic | 30 | |
| 5184019973 | _________ patients often have acetone breath, and typically breathe very deeply and rapidly | Hyperglycemic | 31 | |
| 5184019974 | Sugar for _______ is a rule of thumb in diabetic emergencies, regardless of whether hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia is suspected | Everyone | 32 | |
| 5184019975 | ________ is an infection, especially a severe, systemwide response to infection, that can lead to ________ and ________ shock | Sepsis, Distributive and Hypovolemic | 33 | |
| 5184019976 | The three types of infections most commonly associated with severe sepsis are ________ infections/pneumonia, ____________ ______ (UTI), and skin/_____ infections | Respiratory, urinary tract infections, and wounds | 34 | |
| 5184019977 | The most important step in the treatment of sepsis is ________ | Recongnition | 35 | |
| 5184019978 | A _________ is a sudden change in sensation, behavior, or movement. The most severe form produces violent muscle contractions called convulsions | Seizure | 36 | |
| 5184019979 | _______ seizures only affect one part or side of the brain | Partial | 37 | |
| 5184019980 | A ________ seizure affects both sides of the brain | Generalized | 38 | |
| 5184019981 | A ____________ seizure is a generalized seizure in which the patient loses consciousness and has jerking movements of paired muscle groups. Often comes without warning | Tonic-clonic | 39 | |
| 5184019982 | During the _______ phase of a tonic-clonic seizure, the body becomes rigid, stiffening for no more than 30 secs. Breathing may stop, patient may bite his tongue, and bowel/bladder control could be lost | Tonic | 40 | |
| 5184019983 | During the _______ phase of a tonic-clonic seizure, the body jerks violently, usually for no more than 1-2 mins (up to 5). Patient may foam from the mouth and drool, and may be cyanotic | Clonic | 41 | |
| 5184019984 | During the ________ phase of a tonic-clonic seizure, the convulsions stop. The patient may regain consciousness and enter a state of confusion, or he may remain unconscious for several hours. Headache is common | Postictal | 42 | |
| 5184019985 | An _______ is a sensation experienced by a seizure patient right before the seizure, which might be a smell, sound, or general feeling | Aura | 43 | |
| 5184019986 | The most common cause of seizures in adults is failure to take ______________ medications | Prescribed antiseizure | 44 | |
| 5184019987 | The most common cause of seizures in infants and children is a high ______ | Fever | 45 | |
| 5184019988 | ________ frequently causes seizures. Often immediately precede respiratory/cardiac arrest | Hypoxia | 46 | |
| 5184019989 | ________ (low blood sugar) is a cause of seizures | Hypoglycemia | 47 | |
| 5184019990 | ________ means occurring spontaneously with an unknown cause. Often the case of seizures that start in childhood | Idiopathic | 48 | |
| 5184019991 | ________ is a medical condition that causes seizures | Epilepsy | 49 | |
| 5184019992 | If you are present when a patient begins to seize, if there is no possibility of spinal injury, place the patient on his _____ | Side | 50 | |
| 5184019993 | When a patient has two or more convulsive seizures in a row without regaining full consciousness or a single seizure lasting more than 10 mins, it is known as _______________ | Status epilipticus | 51 | |
| 5184019994 | In a simple _______ seizure, there is tingling, stiffening, or jerking in just one part of the body | Partial | 52 | |
| 5184019995 | A ____________ seizure (psychomotor or temporal lobe) is often preceded by an aura, and is characterized by abnormal behavior that varies wildly from person to person | Complex partial | 53 | |
| 5184019996 | An absence seizure (____________) is brief, usually lasting less than 10 secs. There is no loss of consciousness, rather a temporary loss of concentration or awareness | Petit mal | 54 | |
| 5184019997 | A _______ is a condition of altered function caused when an artery in the brain is blocked or ruptured, disrupting the supply of oxygenated blood or causing bleeding into the brain | Stroke | 55 | |
| 5184019998 | A stroke caused by a blockage, called an _______ stroke, can occur when a clot or embolism occludes an artery. Responsible for most strokes | Ischemic | 56 | |
| 5184019999 | A stroke caused by bleeding into the brain, called a _______ stroke, is frequently the result of long-standing high blood pressure. Can also occur due to an aneurysm | Hemorraghic | 57 | |
| 5184020000 | One of the most common signs of stroke is ________, one-sided weakness | Hemiparesis | 58 | |
| 5184020001 | Someone with left sided weakness is often having problems with the _____ side of their brain, and vice versa | Right | 59 | |
| 5184020002 | Sagging or drooping of the face (is/is not) a reliable indicator of the side of the brain that is having problems | Is not | 60 | |
| 5184020003 | A less common but very important sign of stroke is a ______ caused by bleeding from a ruptured vessel | Headache | 61 | |
| 5184020004 | If a patient cried out in pain, clutched his head, and collapsed, it is a sign that they may have experienced a ______________ | Subarachnoid hemorrhage | 62 | |
| 5184020005 | When a patient knows what he wants to say, but says the wrong words, he is presenting with ____________ | Expressive aphasia | 63 | |
| 5184020006 | When a patient can speak clearly, but does not understand what you're saying to him, he is presenting with _______________ | Receptive aphasia | 64 | |
| 5184020007 | A ____________________ (TIA) presents with the same signs and symptoms of a stroke, but typically lasts only about ___ hours | Transient ischemic attack, 24 hours | 65 | |
| 5184020008 | The three items included in the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale are: ____________ ___________ ______ | Facial droop Arm drift Speech | 66 | |
| 5184020009 | ________ is a notorious imitator of stroke | Hypoglycemia | 67 | |
| 5184020010 | ________ means fainting | Syncope | 68 | |
| 5184020011 | Syncope can be a sign of acute _____________ and can be caused by an alteration of the heart's ability to pump | Myocardial infarction | 69 | |
| 5184020012 | In most cases, syncope should be evaluated by _____ | ALS | 70 | |
| 5184020013 | A ________ is the minimum requirement for hospitals to transport a stroke patient | CT Scan | 71 |
