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| 5184053498 | Blood is made of up _______ components suspended in a liquid called _______ | Solid, plasma | 0 | |
| 5184053499 | _______ blood cells make up the majority of the cells in the circulation and give blood its characteristic color | Red | 1 | |
| 5184053500 | Red blood cells contain specialized molecules called ________ that bind to oxygen and are responsible for oxygen delivery to the cells | Hemoglobin | 2 | |
| 5184053501 | _______ blood cells are critical blood cells that respond to infection and are major mediators to the body's immune response | White | 3 | |
| 5184053502 | _______ are fragments of larger cells that are crucial in the formation clots. Clumping (aggregation) of platelets is the body's most rapid response to stop bleeding from an injured site | Platelets | 4 | |
| 5184053503 | One of the most widely available drugs to prevent aggregation of platelets is _______ | Aspirin | 5 | |
| 5184053504 | _______ is the liquid in which the blood cells and platelets are suspended | Plasma | 6 | |
| 5184053505 | ___________ are a group of proteins that are produced in the liver and released into the bloodstream. They circulate in the bloodstream in inactive forms but are activated to initiate clotting when damage occurs to the lining of the damaged blood vessel | Clotting factors | 7 | |
| 5184053506 | ________ is the loss of the normal ability to form a blood clot with internal or external bleeding. Can occur when a patient clots too readily or when the patient clots too slowly, resulting in uncontrolled bleeding | Coagulopathy | 8 | |
| 5184053507 | Patients with advanced ______ disease, such as cirrhosis, may not make adequate clotting factors to form stable clots | Liver | 9 | |
| 5184053508 | ________ have inherited disorders that prevent them from producing certain clotting factors | Hemophiliacs | 10 | |
| 5184053509 | ____________ disease is the most common inherited blood disorder. Although the patient has a normal number of platelets circulating in the bloodstream, the patient's platelets are functionally defective | Von Willebrand's | 11 | |
| 5184053510 | Coumadin, Pradaxa, Eliquis, Xarelto, and Lovenox inhibit clotting factors, known as ____________ | Blood thinners | 12 | |
| 5184053511 | Aspirin and Plavix ______ platelet aggregation | Inhibit | 13 | |
| 5184053512 | Patients on blood thinners, aspirin, and Plavix are more prone to having ____________ bleeding than patients who are not. Patients are typically upgraded to trauma center transport due to this risk | Life-threatening | 14 | |
| 5184053513 | Patients with a history of the dysrhythmia called _____________ are frequently on blood thinners | Atrial fibrillation | 15 | |
| 5184053514 | _______ is the lack of a normal number of red blood cells in circulation | Anemia | 16 | |
| 5184053515 | ______ anemia may be the result of trauma or sudden massive bleeding in the GI tract | Acute | 17 | |
| 5184053516 | _______ anemia occurs over time and can be caused by conditions such as recurrent heavy menstrual periods, slow GI blood loss, or diseases that affect the bone marrow or the structure of the hemoglobin molecule itself | Chronic | 18 | |
| 5184053517 | One of the best ways to assess for chronic anemia is to examine the color of the patient's _______ on the lower eyelid, and it will appear very pale as opposed to the normal red/pink | Conjunctiva | 19 | |
| 5184053518 | _______________ (SCA) is an inherited disease in which a genetic defect in the hemoglobin results in abnormal structure of the red blood cells, most common in African American patients | Sickle cell anemia | 20 | |
| 5184053519 | In SCA patients, the abnormal (sickle) shape of the red blood cells do not survive in the circulation as long as normal red blood cells, resulting in _______ anemia | Chronic | 21 | |
| 5184053520 | _______ is caused when the liver becomes overwhelmed by the breakdown in red blood cells, causing a yellowish tint to the skin | Jaundice | 22 | |
| 5184053521 | Some patients have sickle cell ______, meaning they carry the gene for sickle cell disease, but do not have the disease | Trait | 23 | |
| 5184053522 | Pain in SCA patients joints are caused by a _____________ crisis where sickled red blood cells block microcirculation, resulting in hypoxia and severe pain in the affected organs | Vaso-occlusive | 24 | |
| 5184053523 | The renal system is made up of two kidneys, two _______, and a single _______ | Ureters, urethra | 25 | |
| 5184053524 | _______ carry urine from each kidney to the bladder | Ureters | 26 | |
| 5184053525 | _______ carry urine from the body to the outside of the body | Urethra | 27 | |
| 5184053526 | The ________ are responsible for the filtration of the blood and the removal of certain waste products, excessive salts, and excessive fluid from the body. Also helps the body retain fluids | Kidneys | 28 | |
| 5184053527 | ______________ (UTIs) are the most common disease process that afflicts the renal and urinary system, and are caused by bacteria, with most being limited to the bladder, causing painful and frequent urination | Urinary tract infections | 29 | |
| 5184053528 | ________ is an infection that begins in the urinary tract and ascends up the ureter into a kidney. Patients often complain of unilateral flank pain in addition to normal UTI symptoms and generally appear more ill than those without uncomplicated bladder infections | Pyelonephritis | 30 | |
| 5184053529 | A UTI can be a serious and life-threatening disease, especially the elderly, if bacteria spreads into the _______ | Bloodstream | 31 | |
| 5184053530 | ____________ are usually made of calcium and are formed within the kidney | Kidney stones | 32 | |
| 5184053531 | A ___________ is a drainage tube placed into the urinary system to allow the flow of urine out of the body | Urinary catheter | 33 | |
| 5184053532 | The most serious disease of the kidneys is ___________, the loss of the kidneys ability to filter the blood and remove toxins and excess fluid from the body | Renal failure | 34 | |
| 5184053533 | _______ renal failure can be caused by shock, toxic ingestions, and other causes | Acute | 35 | |
| 5184053534 | _______ renal failure can be caused by inherited diseases such as polycystic kidney disease, but is more commonly caused by poorly controlled diabetes or high B/P | Chronic | 36 | |
| 5184053535 | _________ renal disease is irreversible renal failure to the extent that the kidneys can no longer provide adequate filtration and fluid balance to sustain life, survival with ESRD usually requires dialysis | End-Stage | 37 | |
| 5184053536 | _______ is the process by which toxins and excess fluid are removed from the body by a medical system independent of the kidneys | Dialysis | 38 | |
| 5184053537 | In ________, the most common for of dialysis, a patient is connected to a dialysis machine that pumps his blood through specialized filters to remove toxins and excess fluid | Hemodialysis | 39 | |
| 5184053538 | Hemodialysis patients will either have a specialized two-port catheter that is inserted in one of the major veins of the ______ or a surgically created fistula in one of the _______ that connects arterial and venous blood flow | Torso, extremeties | 40 | |
| 5184053539 | A _______ is a vibration felt on gentle palpation, such as that which typically occurs within an arterial-venous fistula | Thrill | 41 | |
| 5184053540 | Patients who manage their ESRD with ______________ usually do so in their own homes. Much slower and requires multiple treatments every day for most patients | Peritoneal dialysis | 42 | |
| 5184053541 | Peritoneal dialysis works by using the large surface area inside the peritoneal cavity that surrounds the abdominal organs as a means of removing _______ and excess ________ from their body | Toxins, fluid | 43 | |
| 5184053542 | ESRD patients on peritoneal dialysis have a permanent catheter that is implanted through their _____________ and into the peritoneal cavity | Abdominal wall | 44 | |
| 5184053543 | An ________ is one cycle of filling and draining the peritoneal cavity in peritoneal dialysis | Exchange | 45 | |
| 5184053544 | ______________ (CAPD) is a gravity exchange process for peritoneal dialysis in which a bag of dialysis fluid is raised above the level of an abdominal catheter to fill the abdominal cavity and lowered below the level of the abdominal catheter to drain the fluid out. Most common type of peritonial dialysis | Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis | 46 | |
| 5184053545 | _________ peritoneal dialysis (CCPD) is a mechanical process for peritoneal dialysis in which a machine fills and empties the abdominal cavity of dialysis solution. Used while person sleeps | Continuous Cycle-Assisted | 47 | |
| 5184053546 | The most serious complications of ESRD seen by the EMT occur when patients fail to be ______ | Dialyzed | 48 | |
| 5184053547 | ESRD patients that have missed dialysis present with similar symptoms to _____, including SOB because of pulmonary edema and dependent edema. Also may suffer ________ | CHF, dysrhythmia | 49 | |
| 5184053548 | _______ is a bacterial infection within the peritoneal cavity where patients present with abdominal pain, fever, and the telltale sign that their dialysis fluid appears _______ when it is drained rather than clear | Peritonitis, cloudy | 50 | |
| 5184053549 | _______ are the most commonly transplanted organs | Kidneys | 51 | |
| 5184053550 | Patients with kidney transplants spend the rest of their lives on a special class of drugs that prevent organ rejection by suppressing the body's ___________, making them more susceptible to serious infections | Immune system | 52 |
