FLVS Modules 8 + 9
Terms : Hide Images
| 1260653192 | Triangle Shirtwaist Fire | A fire in New York's Triangle Shirtwaist Company in 1911 killed 146 people, mostly women. They died because the doors were locked and the windows were too high for them to get to the ground. Dramatized the poor working conditions and let to federal regulations to protect workers. | 1 | |
| 1260653193 | Jim Crow Laws | The "separate but equal" segregation laws state and local laws enacted in the Southern and border states of the United States and enforced between 1876 and 1965 | 2 | |
| 1260653194 | Ragtime, blues, and Jazz | Popular music styles during the 1920s were | 3 | |
| 1260653195 | Gifford Pinchot | head of the u.s. forest service under roosevelt, who believed that it was possible to make use of natural resources while conserving them | 4 | |
| 1260653196 | Frederick W. Taylor's Principles of Scientific Management | *father of scientific management | 5 | |
| 1260653197 | Danbury Hatters Case | 1908 Supreme Court case, in 1902 the hatters' union instituted a nationwide boycott of the products of a nonunion hat manufacturer in Danbury, CT and the manufacturer brought suit against the union for unlawfully combining to restrain trade in violation of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. The Supreme Court held that the union was subject to an injunction and liable for payment of the damages. This set precedent for federal court interference with labor activities. | 6 | |
| 1260653198 | International Ladies' Garment Workers Union | this union was made up of men and women that created garments for ladies. they made gains like shorter day and higher wages but possibly their greates gains came after the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire when safety precautions | 7 | |
| 1260653199 | "Big BIll" Haywood and the Industrial Workers of the World | union that targeted the most exploited workers, nicknamed the Wobblies, founded in Chicago in 1905, membership peaked at 30,000 included minors, lumberment, fruit pickers and itinerant laborers, 1912- won bitter textile strike in Mass., Elizabeth Gurley Flynn and Margaret Sanger were important members. | 8 | |
| 1260653200 | Eugene V. Debs and the Socialists Party of America | Leader of the American Railway Union, he voted to aid workers in the Pullman strike. He was jailed for six months for disobeying a court order after the strike was over. | 9 | |
| 1260653201 | Throstein Veblen's The Theory of the Leisure Class | economic laws=human greed | 10 | |
| 1260653202 | Herbert Croly's The Promise of American Life, New Republic | He wrote the The Promise of American Life (1909) where he called for an activist fed govn't of the kind Hamilton had advocated in the 1790s but one that would serve all citizens, not merely the capitalist class., Magazine that Stephen Glass primarily wrote for | 11 | |
| 1260653203 | John Dewey | He was a philosopher who believed in "learning by doing" which formed the foundation of progressive education. He believed that the teachers' goal should be "education for life and that the workbench is just as important as the blackboard." | 12 | |
| 1260653204 | Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. | was an American jurist who served as an associate justice on the Supreme Court of the United States from 1902 to 1932. Noted for his long service, his concise and pithy opinions, and his deference to the decisions of elected legislatures, he is one of the most widely cited United States Supreme Court justices in history, particularly for his "clear and present danger" majority opinion in the 1919 case of Schenck v. United States, and is one of the most influential American common-law judges. | 13 | |
| 1260653205 | Frank Norris's The Octopus and Upton Sinclair's The Jungle | a muckracker who wrote a book called the octopus which said that railroads strangled farmers because it was too expensive | 14 | |
| 1260653206 | muckrakers | This term applies to newspaper reporters and other writers who pointed out the social problems of the era of big business. The term was first given to them by Theodore Roosevelt. | 15 | |
| 1260653207 | Robert La Follette | progressive who reformed the system so that the people themselves could vote on candidates would be. Made sure people were given jobs based on merit system | 16 | |
| 1260653208 | "white slave" hysteria and theMann Act | a woman sold into prostitution, (WT) 1910, gave right to prevent new rates if challenged in courts, communication now regulate directly by the Interstate Commerce Commission | 17 | |
| 1260653209 | Anti-Saloon League andthe Woman's Christian Temperance Union | National organization set up in 1895 to work for prohibition. Later joined with the WCTU to publicize the effects of drinking., The Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) is the oldest continuing non-sectarian women's organization worldwide. Founded in Evanston, Illinois in 1873, the group spearheaded the crusade for prohibition. Members in Fredonia, New York advanced their cause by entering saloons, singing, praying, and urging saloon keepers to stop selling alcohol. | 18 | |
| 1260653210 | Booker T. Washington's "Atlanta Compromise" speech | an address on the topic of race relations which laid the foundation for the Atlanta compromise, an agreement between African-American leaders and Southern white leaders in which Southern blacks would work meekly and submit to white political rule, while Southern whites guaranteed that blacks would receive basic education and due process in law. | 19 | |
| 1260653211 | W.E. D. Du Bois | african american writer and civil rights leader | 20 | |
| 1260653212 | The Passing of the Great Race | 1916 book by Madison Grant that argued that the great race of the Nordics of northern Europe was threatened by the Slavic and Latin people of eastern and southern Europe, outlining a pseudo scientific racism that bolstered postwar nativist sentiments and anti-immigration groups. | 21 | |
| 1260653213 | National Association for the Advancement of Colored People | Founded by W.E.B. Du Bois, it emerged out of the Niagara Movement in 1909. It worked for equal rights for all Americans, but it failed to achieve lasting civil rights legislation during the early 1990s. | 22 | |
| 1260653214 | the Woman's party | Created by Alice Paul and Lucy Burns; radical organization the pressured the federal government to pass a suffrage amendment | 23 | |
| 1260653215 | Charlott Perkins Gilman, Florence Kelley, Alice Hamilton | Advocated that women seek economic independence. | 24 | |
| 1260653216 | Northern Securities case | The Northern Securities Company was a holding company in 1902. The company was forced to dissolve after they were challenged by Roosevelt, his first trust-bust. | 25 | |
| 1260653217 | Theodore Roosevelt's "square deal" | Theodore Roosevelt's 1904 presidential campaign slogan pledging to balance the interests of business, consumers, and labor | 26 | |
| 1260653218 | preservationalists vs. conservationalists | one who advocates for conservation, People who favor the protection of natural resources | 27 | |
| 1260653219 | Bull Moose Party | nickname for the new Progressive Party, which was formed to support Roosevelt in the election of 1912 | 28 | |
| 1260653220 | New nationalism and new freedom | Roosevelt's progressive political policy that favored heavy government intervention in order to keep social justice. This policy divided the republicans. Wilson's New Freedom called for more antitrust legislation, banking reform, and tariff reduction. This two variations of plans were debated against in the 1912 election. | 29 | |
| 1260653221 | Federal Reserve Act | Sparked by the Panic of 1893 and 1907, the 1913 Federal Reserve Act created the Federal Reserve System, which issued paper money controlled by government banks. | 30 | |
| 1260653222 | the "Brandeis brief" | was a pioneering legal brief that was the first in | 31 | |
| 1260653223 | "Open Door" notes | message send by secretary of state John Hay in 1899 to Germany, Russia, Great Britain, France, Italy & Japan asking the countries not to interfere with US trading rights in China. | 32 | |
| 1260653224 | Hay-Herrán and Hay Buanu-Varilla agreement | treaty with Colombia over Panama that didn't work, The treaty was approved in the United States, however, the Colombian senate tried to get more cash out of America. The treaty was an attempt by the United States to gain control of the Panama Canal. Because of the failure of this treaty the U.S. planned an uprising in Colombia that led to its independence and the construction of the Canal. | 33 | |
| 1260653225 | Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine | Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force | 34 | |
| 1260653226 | "gentlemen's agreement" | Agreement when Japan agreed to curb the number of workers coming to the US and in exchange Roosevelt agreed to allow the wives of the Japenese men already living in the US to join them | 35 | |
| 1260653227 | Great WHite Fleet | 16 American battleships, painted white, sent around the world to display American naval power., 1907-1909 - Roosevelt sent the Navy on a world tour to show the world the U.S. naval power. Also to pressure Japan into the "Gentlemen's Agreement." | 36 | |
| 1260653228 | dollar diplomacy | Term used to describe the efforts of the US to further its foreign policy through use of economic power by gaurenteeing loans to foreign countries | 37 | |
| 1260653229 | Pancho Villa, General John J. Pershing | Mexican revolutionary leader (1877-1923) Did many good things, but killed a lot of people. Wanted to take money from the rich and give it to the poor., led the American Expeditionary Force; urged that the AEF operate as an independent fighting force, under American command; was made General of the Armies of the United States, which is the highest rank given to an officer | 38 | |
| 1260653230 | National Security League and the preparedness movement | helped push for a bigger army and navy and, most important, a system of universal military training; Active in large eastern cities and bankrolled by conservative banking and commercial interests., the urge that the US should prepare itself to enter into the war | 39 | |
| 1260653231 | Charles Evans Hughes | Secretary of State under Harding, Proposed a 10-year moratorium on the construction of major new warships at the Washington Conference | 40 | |
| 1260653232 | Zimmermann Telegram | January 1917 the British intercepted a telegram from the German government to the Mexican government offering German support if Mexico declared war against the US; offered to return land Mexico lost the US | 41 | |
| 1260653233 | Selective Service Act of 1917 | conscription for WWI (under President Wilson) all men between 21 and 30 (later 18-45) had to register to be drafted for military service. Lottery system- ex: all men with a certain birthday would be drafted. There was no buyout, unlike the Civil War. Largely because of this law, 2 million Americans went to Europe to support the war effort | 42 | |
| 1260653234 | Bernard Baruch and the War Industries Board | 3rd leader of the board, which sought to organize purchase of war supplies and keep workers happy; increased production by 20%; could fix prices and dictate what was made | 43 | |
| 1260653235 | Herbert Hoover and the Food Administration | He was the head of the Food Administration, which was a government organization created to stir up a patriotic spirit which encourages people to voluntarily sacrifice some of their own goods for the war. It helped the war effort by creating a surplus to feed America and it allies. | 44 | |
| 1260653236 | Liberty Loans | Bonds sold by the Treasury Department largely through propaganda campaigns, used to raise two thirds of the cost of the war | 45 | |
| 1260653237 | George Creel, Committee on Public Information | Created by Wilson to boost American commitment to the war (he knew that many were reluctant to enter it) | 46 | |
| 1260653238 | Jeannette Rankin | First woman elected to the United States House of Representatives and the first female member of Congress. A Republican and a lifelong pacifist, she was the only member of Congress to vote against United States entry into both World War II and World War I. Additionally, she led resistance to the Vietnam War. | 47 | |
| 1260653239 | Randolph Bourne | This man was a "cultural pluralist" along with Horace Kallen. He opposed the idea of immigration restriction. He, in fact, believed in cosmopolitan interchange which was destined to make America "not a nationality but a trans-nationality." In this view the U.S. should serve as the vanguard of a more international and multicultural age. (pgs. 724-725) | 48 | |
| 1260653240 | Espionage Act of 1917 | United States federal law passed shortly after entering World War I, on June 15, 1917, which made it a crime for a person to convey information with intent to interfere with the operation or success of the armed forces of the United States or to promote the success of its enemies. The legislation was passed at the urging of President Woodrow Wilson, who feared any widespread dissent in time of war, thinking that it constituted a real threat to an American victory. | 49 | |
| 1260653241 | Schenck V. United States | A 1919 decision upholding the conviction of a socialist who had urged young men to resist the draft during World War I. Justice Holmes declared that government can limit speech if the speech provokes a "clear and present danger" of substantive evils. | 50 | |
| 1260653242 | East St. Louis and Chicago race riots | an outbreak of labor- and race-related violence that caused between 40 and 200 deaths and extensive property damage.-- A major racial conflict that began in Chicago (1919) During the riot, dozens died and hundreds were injured. It is considered the worst of the 25 riots during the Red Summer of 1919, The combination of prolonged arson, looting and murder was the worst race rioting in the history of Illinois.[4] | 51 | |
| 1260653243 | Nineteenth Amendment | granted women the right to vote in 1920 | 52 | |
| 1260653244 | Eighteenth Amendment | prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages | 53 | |
| 1260653245 | Fourteen Points | the war aims outlined by President Wilson in 1918, which he believed would promote lasting peace; called for self-determination, freedom of the seas, free trade, end to secret agreements, reduction of arms and a league of nations | 54 | |
| 1260653246 | Meuse-Argonne Campaign | In September of 1918, the Americans began their strike towards Sedan in the south. Over 1 million U.S. troops under General John Pershing fought to defeat Germany. The attack lasted for 47 days where 117,000 were killed or wounded. Because of this Germany retreated and one month later the Treaty of Versailles was formed. Because Germany lost the war, Germany's economy went on a downward spiral which was the reason why Hitler was elected... which led to the Holocaust and WWII. | 55 | |
| 1260653247 | Treaty of Versailles | Created by the leaders victorious allies Nations: France, Britain, US, and signed by Germany to help stop WWI. The treaty 1)stripped Germany of all Army, Navy, Airforce. 2) Germany had to rapair war damages(33 billion) 3) Germany had to acknowledge guilt for causing WWI 4) Germany could not manefacture any weapons. | 56 | |
| 1260653248 | League of Nations | International organization founded in 1919 to promote world peace and cooperation but greatly weakened by the refusal of the United States to join. It proved ineffectual in stopping aggression by Italy, Japan, and Germany in the 1930s. | 57 | |
| 1260653249 | Henry Cabot Lodge | Henry Cabot Lodge was a Republican who disagreed with the Versailles Treaty, and who was the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. He mostly disagreed with the section that called for the League to protect a member who was being threatened. | 58 | |
| 1260653250 | A. Michell Palmer and the Red Scare | Attorney general whos house was attacked by a suicide bomber. Eventually led the Palmer raids with Hoover. | 59 | |
| 1260653251 | the Victrola | Hardware of the record player that was inside a piece of furniture, mechanical and had to be primed with a crank handle | 60 | |
| 1260653252 | american plan | Term that some U.S. employers in the 1920s used to describe their policy of refusing to negotiate with unions. Demonstrated laissez-faire economics. | 61 | |
| 1260653253 | mcnary haugen bill | it sought to keep agricultural prices high by having the government buy surpluses to sell abroad, vetoed twice by Coolidge | 62 | |
| 1260653254 | teapot dome | a government scandal involving a former United States Navy oil reserve in Wyoming that was secretly leased to a private oil company in 1921 | 63 | |
| 1260653255 | the washington naval arms conference | President Harding's most notable achievement. After the war ended in 1918, the U.S., GB, and Japan edged toward a dangerous and costly naval-arms race. The conference was called in 1921 to address the problem. Secretary of State Hughes startled the delegates by proposing a specific ratio of ships among the world's naval powers. In February 1922, the three nations, together with Italy and France, pledged to reduce their battleship tonnage by specified amounts and to halt all battleship construction for 10 years. The U.S. and Japan also agreed to respect each other's territorial holdings in the Pacific. It ultimately failed to prevent war but represented an early arms-control effort. | 64 | |
| 1260653256 | kellogg briand pact | Agreement signed in 1928 in which nations agreed not to pose the threat of war against one another | 65 | |
| 1260653257 | sheppard towner act | U.S. Act of Congress providing federal funding for maternity and child care, a response to the lack of adequate medical care for women and children | 66 | |
| 1260653258 | charles a lindbergh and the spirit of the st louis | A young pilot who flew solo across the Atlantic in his small biplane, The Spirit of ST. Louis, on May 20-21, 1927. A Minnesotan of Swedish ancestry, Lindbergh was a daredevil stunt pilot who decided on impulse to enter a $25,000 prize competition offered by a NY hotel for the first nonstop NY to Paris flight. Thousands of people turned out for a ticket-tape parade with the radio, newspapers, magazines, and movie newsreels providing saturation coverage. This displayed America's psychological meaning of celebrity worship. | 67 | |
| 1260653259 | f scott fitzgerald | a novelist and chronicler of the jazz age. his wife, zelda and he were the "couple" of the decade but hit bottom during the depression. his noval THE GREAT GATSBY is considered a masterpiece about a gangster's pursuit of an unattainable rich girl. | 68 | |
| 1260653260 | sinclair lewis | American novelist who satirized middle-class America in his 22 works, including Babbitt (1922) and Elmer Gantry (1927). He was the first American to receive (1930) a Nobel Prize for literature. | 69 | |
| 1260653261 | harlem renaissance | a flowering of African American culture in the 1920s; instilled interest in African American culture and pride in being an African American. | 70 | |
| 1260653262 | jazz age | Name for the 1920s, because of the popularity of jazz-a new type of American music that combined African rhythms, blues, and ragtime | 71 | |
| 1260653263 | marcus garvey and the universal negro improvement association | Many poor urban blacks turned to him. He was head of the Universal Negro Improvement Association and he urged black economic cooperation and founded a chain of UNIA grocery stores and other business | 72 | |
| 1260653264 | fundamentalism | the interpretation of every word in the sacred texts as literal truth | 73 | |
| 1260653265 | the scopes trials | the immediate issue was the legality of a Tennessee law prohibiting the teaching of the theory of evolution in the state's public schools. | 74 | |
| 1260653266 | billy sunday | American fundamentalist minister; he used colorful language and powerful sermons to drive home the message of salvation through Jesus and to oppose radical and progressive groups. | 75 | |
| 1260653267 | al capone | a mob king in Chicago who controlled a large network of speakeasies with enormous profits. His illegal activities convey the failure of prohibition in the twenties and the problems with gangs. | 76 | |
| 1260653268 | alice paul | head of the National Woman's party that campaigned for an equal rights amendment to the Constitution. She opposed legislation protecting women workers because such laws implied women's inferiority. Most condemned her way of thinking. | 77 | |
| 1260653269 | ty cobb the georgia peach | ... | 78 | |
| 1260653270 | nicola sacco and bartolomeo vanzetti | 1920- 2 Italian immigrants believed to be anarchists were accused of murder in MA - found guilty, though evidence against them was disputable - executed in 1927- though many believed they were convicted just b/c of pol. Beliefs | 79 | |
| 1260653271 | aimee semple mcpherson | evangelist, founder of four square church of god, 1920s, used hollywood like tactics to get more followers, was popular on the radio, faked death. appealed to poor white people, practiced healing, anti evolution | 80 | |
| 1260653272 | black thursday | October 24, 1929, the day the stock market crashed an astounding 9 percent (after a decade of great prosperity); a signal (though not the only cause) of the Great Depression | 81 | |
| 1260653273 | reconsturction finance corporation | An agency establishexd in 1932 to provide emergency financing to banks, life-insurance companies, railroads, and other large businesses. | 82 | |
| 1260653274 | hoover valley | new york times used this term to refer to a section of central park where jobless men lived in boxes and packing crates | 83 | |
| 1260653275 | the hundred days | The first 3 months of FDR's presidency. Put many new programs into action to try and help americans | 84 | |
| 1260653276 | the civilian conservation corps | public work relief program for unmarried men 18-25. created unskilled jobs related to conservation and development of natural resources in the rural lands. army was in charge. | 85 | |
| 1260653277 | national recovery administration | Government agency that was part of the New Deal and dealt with the industrial sector of the economy. It allowed industries to create fair competition which were intended to reduce destructive competition and to help workers by setting minimum wages and maximum weekly hours. | 86 | |
| 1260653278 | harry hopkins | one of Franklin Delano Roosevelt's closest advisers. He was one of the architects of the New Deal, especially the relief programs of the Works Progress Administration (WPA), which he directed and built into the largest employer in the country. In World War II he was Roosevelt's chief diplomatic advisor and troubleshooter and was a key policy maker in the $50 billion Lend Lease program that sent aid to the allies. | 87 | |
| 1260653279 | the federal securities act | aimed to Force stock promoters to give investors information regarding the soundness of their stocks | 88 | |
| 1260653280 | molly dewson | campaigned for FDR to gain more female voters, economic and social recovery that was best for men and women, expanded Democratic base to more women | 89 | |
| 1260653281 | the social security act | provided old age insurance, unemployment compensation system, aid to families with dependent children and the disabled | 90 | |
| 1260653282 | john dos passos | a novelist who wrote of WWI and its impacts on art and civilization. He was a conservative, pessimistic and had disillusion to post-war urban America | 91 | |
| 1260653283 | huey long | As senator in 1932 of Washington preached his "Share Our Wealth" programs. It was a 100% tax on all annual incomes over $1 million and appropriation of all fortunes in excess of $5 million. With this money Long proposed to give every American family a comfortable income, etc | 92 | |
| 1260653284 | charles coughlin | A radio priest who was anti-Semetic and anti-New Deal. He catered away some support from FDR. | 93 | |
| 1260653285 | works progress administration | May 6, 1935- Began under Hoover and continued under Roosevelt but was headed by Harry L. Hopkins. Provided jobs and income to the unemplyed but couldn't work more than 30 hours a week. It built many public buildings and roads, and as well operated a large arts project. | 94 | |
| 1260653286 | public works administration | (FDR) , 1935 Created for both industrial recovery and for unemployment relief. Headed by the Secretary of Interior Harold L. Ickes, it aimed at long-range recovery and spent $4 billion on thousands of projects that included public buildings, highways, and parkways. | 95 | |
| 1260653287 | national labor relations act or wagner act | New Deal law that granted unions the right to organize and bargain collectively. | 96 | |
| 1260653288 | mary mcleod bethune | United States educator who worked to improve race relations and educational opportunities for Black Americans (1875-1955) | 97 | |
| 1260653289 | roosevelt recession | 1937 economic downturn caused by sound fiscal policy due to cut spending and higher taxes | 98 | |
| 1260653290 | emergency banking act | gave the President power over the banking system and set up a system by which banks would be reorganized or reopened | 99 | |
| 1260653291 | federal deposit insurance corporation | the government agency that insures customer deposits if a bank fails | 100 | |
| 1260653292 | brain trust | Many of the advisers who helped Roosevelt during his presidential candidacy continued to aid him after he entered the White House. A newspaperman once described the group as "Roosevelt's Brain Trust." They were more influential than the Cabinet. | 101 | |
| 1260653293 | fireside chat | informal radio broadcast in which FDR explained issues and New Deal programs to average Americans. | 102 | |
| 1260653294 | walter reuther | an American labor union leader, who made the United Automobile Workers a major force not only in the auto industry but also in the Democratic Party in the mid 20th century. He was a socialist in the early 1930s; he became a leading liberal and supporter of the New Deal coalition. | 103 | |
| 1260653295 | john l lewis | He was a miner known for creating the United Mine Workers. He helped found the CIO and was responsible for the Fair Labor Standards Act. | 104 | |
| 1260653296 | sidney hillman | worked with John L. Lewis to found the Committee for Industrial Organization within the AFL. Hillman was of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers. Lewis and Hillman became frustrated with the slowness the AFL tended to have in organizing workers, and formed the CIO. The CIO welcomed all workers. | 105 | |
| 1260653297 | the congress of industrial organizations | Organized in 1938 by John L. Lewis, it created a union that gave workers better employment security and the right to collective bargaining. It supported industries including mining, steel manufacturing, and car production. Originally it was a committee within the AFL in 1935, and later became an independent organization in 1938, finally in 1955 it merged with the AFL. The CIO rivaled AFL membership in 1938 and it allowed women and people of color. | 106 | |
| 1260653298 | little steel | pitted steelworkers, represented by the Congress of Industrial Organizations, against smaller steel manufacturing companies, such as the Republic Steel Company, the Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company, collectively known as Little Steel. | 107 | |
| 1260653299 | national resources planning board | Offered an outline for full employment and promoted the idea of freedom from want. It expanded social security system, education, and healthcare. | 108 | |
| 1260653300 | rural electrification administration | 1935; made electricity available at low rates to American farm families in areas that private power companies refused to service. | 109 | |
| 1260653301 | the scottsboro boys | 1931-1937: 9 black teens who were accused of raping two white women and were unfairly jailed for many years; judicial failure. | 110 | |
| 1260653302 | repatriados | Re-patriate; to return to one's birth country | 111 | |
| 1260653303 | john collier | social worker who observed the poor living conditions of the American Indian communities | 112 | |
| 1260653304 | agricultural adjustment act | Recovery: (AAA); May 12, 1933; restricted crop production to reduce crop surplus; goal was to reduce surplus to raise value of crops; farmers paid subsidies by federal government; declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in US vs Butler on January 6, 1936 | 113 | |
| 1260653305 | richard wright, native son | United States writer whose work is concerned with the oppression of African Americans (1908-1960) | 114 | |
| 1260653306 | the popular front | A coalition lead by the American Communist Party that supported Franklin Roosevelt and The New Deal. It mobilized intellectuals towards social critisism. | 115 | |
| 1260653307 | general francisco franco, spanish loyalists | In 1936 the Spanish Civil War began. Franco led the Fascists, fighting republican forces. In 1939, the Fascist forces won (with help from Italy and Germany). Franco ruled until his death in 1975. | 116 | |
| 1260653308 | ernest hemingway, for whom the bell tolls | This man spent time as the correspondent in Spain during the Spanish war. He wrote a novel for the people who had fought in the Spanish war., Innovative writer whose novels reflected the disillusionment of many Americans with propaganda and patriotic idealism | 117 | |
| 1260653309 | john steinbeck, the grapes of wrath | This man wrote this celebrated novel which was published in 1939. In telling the story of the Joad family, migrants from the Dust Bowl to California who encounter an unending string of calamities and failures, he offered a harsh portrait of the exploitive features of agrarian life in the West, but also a tribute to the endurance of his main characters. | 118 | |
| 1260653310 | the jazz singer | 1927 - The first movie with sound; this "talkie" was about the life of famous jazz singer; Al Jolson. | 119 | |
| 1260653311 | james t. farrell | Writer who portrayed the grim life of Chicago's Irish immigrants in his Studs Lonigan trilogy | 120 | |
| 1260653312 | jack conroy | The Disinherited - Violence and Poverty of Missouri coalfields | 121 |
