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| 3190375030 | Energy | exists in various forms the capacity to do work | 0 | |
| 3190417160 | All organisms need energy that they obtain from the environment. Which of the following is a usable source of energy for organisms? | A) Solar radiation B) Organic chemicals (e.g., glucose) C) Inorganic chemicals (e.g., hydrogen) D) All of the above E) A and B only D IS THE ANSWER! | 1 | |
| 3190458679 | Phototrophs | Cyanobacterium Synechococcus obtains its energy from the sun, like a plant ... but can live at 165 °F Light energy Organisms like Synechococcus and plants |  | 2 |
| 3190463678 | Chemoorganotrophs | obtain their energy from organic chemicals Chemical Energy | 3 | |
| 3190479313 | Thermocrinis | lives at temperatures approaching the boiling point of water, obtains its energy from hydrogen gas an example of a chemolithotroph ("litho" means "rock") | 4 | |
| 3190481087 | All organisms are either.... | Phototrophs or Chemotrophs | 5 | |
| 3190511855 | The bacterium Thiobacillus ferrooxidans uses iron as its energy source, producing rust in streams impacted by acid mine drainage. T. ferrooxidans is a: | A) Phototroph B) Chemolithotroph C) Chemoorganotroph ANSWER IS B | 6 | |
| 3190527817 | Metabolism | describes all of the chemical reactions that occur in an organism | 7 | |
| 3190529793 | Catabolism | refers to reactions that break down larger molecules into simpler molecules energy is released | 8 | |
| 3190534171 | Anabolism (biosynthesis) | refers to reactions that build larger molecules from smaller building blocks | 9 | |
| 3190561254 | Energy coupling | energy released by catabolic reactions can be stored and used to drive anabolic reactions energy released by catabolic reactions can be stored as ATP and used to drive anabolic reactions how organisms perform work | 10 | |
| 3190635757 | First Law of Thermodynamics | the principle of conservation of energy Energy can change from one form to another, but can not be either created or destroyed | 11 | |
| 3190643365 | Example of the First Law of Thermodynamics | in a car engine, the potential energy in gasoline is converted to kinetic energy of the car's motion and thermal energy... the total amount of energy is constant | 12 | |
| 3190650702 | Second Law of Thermodynamics | Although the total amount of energy remains constant, the energy available to do work decreases during an energy transformation No engine is 100% efficient Only about 25% is taken the rest is lost as heat No energy is destroyed | 13 | |
| 3207956362 | Entropy | is a measure of this disorder, or randomness | 14 | |
| 3207989369 | Spontaneous processes | A process that increases entropy can occur on its own Process is spontaneous has nothing to do with the rate it occurs Example: diffusion across the cytoplasmic membrane (a consequence of the random movements of molecules) | 15 | |
| 3208016486 | Nonspontaneous processes | A non spontaneous process decreases entropy and cannot occur without and input of energy Example: Active transporters decrease entropy by moving molecules against the concentration gradient, which requires energy | 16 | |
| 3208022688 | Is this a violation of the second law? (Active Transport) | A) Yes B) No B is the answer! No the 2nd law applies to the universe as a whole. A local decrease in entropy is always accompanied by an even high er increase in the entropy of the surroundings. Here this involves the energy lost as heat during the cell's breakdown of food. |  | 17 |
| 3208053831 | Catabolic reactions | increase entropy since a more highly ordered molecule (e.g., glucose) is broken down into several simpler molecules with more freedom to move around with respect to each other Going from highly ordered molecule to something for random, not put together creates more disorder |  | 18 |
| 3208075295 | Anabolic reactions | a more ordered molecule from individual building blocks decreases entropy and therefore will not occur without an input of energy one reason why anabolic reactions require energy |  | 19 |
| 3208086343 | Catabolic reactions and Chemical bonds | chemical reaction happens, bonds are broken and new ones are formed vary in strength bc vary in length: depends how close they are to the nucleus shorter bonds are stronger and harder to break (more stable,more energy in to break) due to increased attraction between electrons and nucleus longer bonds are easier to break ex. longer pencil easier to break short pencil harder to break | 20 | |
| 3208125666 | Anabolic reactions and Chemical Bonds | the energy required to break the bonds of CO2 is greater than the energy released when the bonds of glucose are formed this reaction requires a net input of energy | 21 | |
| 3221737842 | Consider an endergonic chemical reaction (ΔG is positive) with both positive enthalpy (ΔH) and positive entropy (ΔS). Recalling that ΔG = ΔH - TΔS, an easy way to try to make this reaction proceed would be to: | A) Increase ΔS B) Decrease Δ H C) Decrease the temperature D) Increase the temperature D is the answer! | 22 | |
| 3221812447 | Whether a reaction requires energy is determined by: | A) The enthalpy change of the reaction, ΔH B) The entropy change of the reaction, ΔS C) The free energy change of the reaction, ΔG Answer is C! | 23 | |
| 3235911550 | Active Site | When an enzyme binds to a specific region | 24 | |
| 3235933255 | Catalyst | A substance, like an enzyme, that speeds up a chemical reaction without being changed itselfv | 25 | |
| 3190626044 | Enzymes | how organisms work and are regulated binds best to the substrates in their transition state are reusable must be properly folded to do their jobs Will unfold (= denature) if the temperature is too high or the pH too acidic | 26 | |
| 3235964636 | Lysozyme | a defense against bacteria | 27 | |
| 3235991332 | Foregut Fermenters | food passes through a special organ (the rumen) containing microorganisms prior to entering rest of the digestive system Microorganisms in the rumen digest cellulose in the ruminant's diet Periodically, the rumen contents are delivered to the stomach, where bacteria are digested ruminants have evolved a lysozyme that is stable in the acidic stomach | 28 |
