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| 14675079384 | Edward "the Confessor" | The Norman conquest started with his reign Lived in Normandy and was king of the anglo-saxons (demonstrated a pro-norman tendency) Father(Saxon)+Mother(Anglo)= anglo-saxon | 0 | |
| 14675091224 | Harold Godwinson | Chosen to rule as Harold II by the Witan (council of nobles) when Edward had no successors | 1 | |
| 14675104069 | William Duke of Normandy | Claimed the throne from Harold- possessed right to the throne and Edward promised him the crown Subdued to the rebel nobility and established a new type of centralized feudal state Promise to make reforms of the Church in England- obtained the pope's approval, invasion to a taste in a crusade Norman chivalry broke the English infantry wall and these didn't resist when king Harold died in the battle | 2 | |
| 14675129256 | William "the Conqueror" | 1. Purpose: augment his power inside of the context of feudalism 2. Held back shires and hundreds of anglo-saxons as administrative divisions with the local court Systems and sheriffs. But the arm of the real power, got to the local level through royal comissionaries the traveled by shires and sheriffs- convertid to efficient tax collectors and presumed the court of shires 3. Introduced England to feudalism centralized in norman style : - held back land as royal domain and gave the rest in fiefdoms to tenants-in chief (royal vassals), and to some bishops/abbots - tenants in chief provided the king a number of Knights to serve in the real army - these great vassals subdivided their fiefdoms with other lower vassals. All landowners owed the king submission and loyalty. 4. Held back the ancient anglo-saxon army (every free man had to serve the army) and employed mercenaries 5. Prohibited private wars between nobles and his authorization had to be provided in order to Build a castle 6. Ordered a census of every property and owners in his kingdom as a base to collect taxes and feudal contributions in debt to him (Domesday Book) 7. Reorganized the Witan and called it the Great Council (curia regia)- formed by his tenants-in-chief, they had a meeting 3 times a year as a court of justice for the great barons and as a consultant body for important cases. In other cases, a smaller council and permanent (composed of barons) would advise the king 8. Controlled the Church: - named bishops and abbots - demanded their military service for his lands - allowed the Church to retain their courts, but rejected the right to appeal cases before the pope without his authorization 9. Converted England in one of the most advanced European states | 3 | |
| 14675226582 | William II Rufus, Henry I | Sons of William I | 4 | |
| 14675240317 | William II Rufus | Used his father's metidos but lacked political ability Aroused revolts of the barons Died because of an arrow to his back (accidentally) while hunting | 5 | |
| 14675243093 | Henry I | More skilled than William II Rufus and only confronted one noble revolt The small council guinde importante and the first vague profiles appeared (Exchequer and traveling judges) All of his effort was undone when he died- 19 years of caos Ignored his daughter (Matilda- Geoffrey (Count of Anjou) Plantagenet's wife) as successor. Barons supported _______'s weak nephew (Stephen of Blois). During these years of civil war, the nobles were independent of the crown and dedicated to pillage/banditry | 6 | |
| 14675279015 | exchequer | supervisen the collecting of rents and royal taxes of state (treasury) | 7 | |
| 14675281016 | Traveling judges | members sent of the small council to judge criminal cases of importante that could endanger "the King's Peace" | 8 | |
| 14675288939 | Henry II | 1. Count of Anjou, also known as Henry Plantagenet (son of Matilda and founder of the Plantagenet dynasty or Angevins) 2. His inheritance (Normandy, Maine, Anjou) and marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine (Aquitaine and Gascony)- riches successor in France, his possessions extended from Scotland to Pyrenees and were more extensive than territory governed directly by French monarchs. Brittany was added. 3. His reign marks the struggle between France and England (led to the Hundred Years War) 4. Major contribution- augmented the jurisdiction of the royal courts at the expense of feudal courts-> 3 results: permanent system of circuit courts, system of jury and Common Law (body of laws in common for the country) - Traveling judges travelled through circuits (regular routes) once a year to judge violations to the kingdom's peace - Jury- justice system of today 5. Reorganized the Exchequer 6. Controversy with Thomas Becket (archbishop of Canterbury)- wanted to centralize justice by transferring Church cases to the royal courts and reduce the Church's power (not possible) 7. Had problems with his sons (Richard I and John) + VS Philip Augustus | 9 | |
| 14675333603 | jury | each district "shire" was appointed a group of important people who swore to inform the "sheriff" of all the crimes comitted since the last session of the circuit court, known as the Great Jury (25 people). The smaller juries were composed of 12 people, acted in court to decide private/civil cases, and later on criminal cases too. | 10 | |
| 14675357280 | Henry I "the Lionheart" | 1. Adventurer, hero, medieval knight, warrior; not interested in government cases 2. Most of his reign was spent fighting in Sacred Land- his english subjects had to pay high taxes for the cost of his adventures 3. Absent monarch and his brother, John, administre the kingdom + was present in his name | 11 | |
| 14675369560 | John "Without Land" | 1. Cruel, lost the support of his barons 2. Lost English territories in France to Philip II Augustus (Normandy, Brittany, Maine, Anjou) 3. Revolt of his barons made him sign the Magna Carta 4. Great administrator and wanted to continue the task of government started by his father (Richard II) 5. VS Pope Innocent III- interdict vs England, _____ was obligated to become a vassal of the pope and give in (had to pay annual money to the Church) | 12 | |
| 14675382776 | Magna Carta | established that the king had to follow the laws, same as his subjects, was not above the law, the king could be obligaste by force to okey the law of the kingdom | 13 | |
| 14675397890 | Henry III | 1. Nobility revolt by Simon de Montfort (governed England for a couple of months) | 14 | |
| 14675401859 | Simon de Montfort | Included representatives from the middle class o bourgeiosie in the Royal Council (was only composed of high nobles and clergy until the moment) - Two Knights for each shire - Two bourgeois for each city or state The middle class had participation in the Royal Council, later known as the Parliament | 15 | |
| 14675415403 | Edward I | 1. Divided the court in 3: Exchequer, Common Pleas, King's Bench. 2. Common Law would be developed in England from one of the three courts. 3. Parliament Model of 1295 | 16 | |
| 14675420011 | Court of Exchequer | kept track of the kingdom's financial accounts and tried to find a solution of tax cases | 17 | |
| 14675423487 | Court of Common Pleas | managed civil cases (between private civilians) | 18 | |
| 14675429192 | Court of the King's Bench | managed cases that affected the interests of the king/government | 19 | |
| 14675431590 | Parliament Model | the king put this together by following the example of Simon de Montfort (included representatives of the middle class in 1265) sitting a precedent en the country's history | 20 |
