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environmental science chapter 15 Flashcards

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5822063744atmosphereA mixture of gases that surrounds a planet or moon.0
5822063745relative humidityThe amount of water vapor in the air at any given time is usually less than that required to saturate the air. Expressed as a percentage.1
5822063746air pressureThe measure of the force with which air molecules push on a surface2
5822063747troposphereThe lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere3
5822063748stratosphereThe second-lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere.4
5822063749ozone layerProtective layer in atmosphere that shields earth from UV radiation.5
5822063750mesosphereThe layer of Earth's atmosphere immediately above the stratosphere, 3rd layer of the atmosphere.6
5822063751thermosphereThe uppermost layer of the atmosphere, in which temperature increases as altitude increases, 4th layer of the atmosphere7
5822063752radiationEnergy that is radiated or transmitted in the form of rays or waves or particles.8
5822063753conductionForm of heat transfer where heat energy is directly transferred between molecules through molecular collisions or direct contact.9
5822063754convectionThe movement caused within a fluid by the tendency of hotter and therefore less dense material to rise, and colder, denser material to sink under the influence of gravity, which consequently results in transfer of heat.10
5822063755convection currentthe movement of a fluid, caused by differences in temperature, that transfers heat from one part of the fluid to another11
5822063756air massA huge body of air that has similar temperature, humidity, and air pressure at any given height12
5822063757frontThe boundary between two air masses13
5822063758air pollutionConcentration of trace substances such as carbon monoxide, sulfur oxide, hydrocarbons, and solid particulates, at a greater level than occurs in average air.14
5822063759emissionthe production and discharge of something, especially gas or radiation15
5822063760fossil fuelCoal, oil, natural gas, and other fuels that are ancient remains of plants and animals.16
5822063761primary air polluantEnters the atmosphere, with chemicals in the air to form secondary pollutants17
5822063762secondary air pollutantformed by reaction of primary pollutants.18
5822063763smogair pollution by a mixture of smoke and fog19
5822063764temperature inversionatmospheric condition in which warm air traps cooler air near the earth's surface20
5822063765acid depositionSulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides, emitted by burning fossil fuels, enter the atmosphere-where they combine with oxygen and water to form sulfuric acid and nitric acid-and return to Earth's surface21
5822063766clean air actSet emission standards for cars, and limits for release of air pollutants22
5822063767catalytic convertera device that reduces carbon monoxide emissions from vehicles.23
5822063768scrubberdevices containing alkaline substances that precipitate out much of the sulfur dioxide from industrial plants.24
5822063769ozone holeA thinning of stratospheric ozone that occurs over the poles during the spring25
5822063770chlorofluorocarbonA gas used as a solvent, a propelant in aerosols, a refrigerant, and in plastics foams and fire extinguishers.26
5822063771montreal protocolphase out of ozone depleting substances.27

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