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Environmental Science Chapter 1 Miller Flashcards

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876004897Exponential GrowthGrowth in which a quantity increases at a fixed percentage per unit of time1
876004898EnvironmentThe sum total of all living and nonliving things that affect any living organism2
876004899Environmental ScienceAn interdisciplinary science that examines how humans and human institutions interact with the natural world3
876004900EcologyA biological science that studies relationship between living organisms and their environments4
876004901EnvironmentalismA social movement dedicated to protecting the earth's life-support systems for us and other species5
876004902SustainabilityThe ability of earth's systems to survive and adapt to changing environmental conditions indefinitely6
876004903Natural CapitalThe natural resources and services that keep us and other species alive and support our economies7
876004904Solar CapitalThe energy from the sun that warms the planet and supports photosynthesis8
876004905Sound ScienceConcepts and ideas that are widely accepted by experts in a particular field of the natural or social sciences9
876004906Environmentally Sustainable SocietyA society that meets the current and future needs of its people for basic resources in a way that will preserve them for future generations10
876004907Economic GrowthAn increase in the capacity of a country to provide people with goods and services11
876004908Gross Domestic Product (GDP)The annual market value of all goods and services produced by all firms within a country12
876004909Gross National Product (GNP)The annual market value of all the goods and services produced by a nation's firms, no matter where they are located13
876004910Economic DevelopmentThe improvement of human living standards by economic growth14
876004911Developed CountriesHighly industrialized countries with high average per capita GDP; includes the United States, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and most European countries15
876004912Developing CountriesCountries with medium or low levels of industrialization that have medium or low levels of per capita GDP; included countries such as China, India, Brazil, Mexico and many African Countries.16
876004913ResourceAnything obtained from the environment to meet our needs17
876004914Perpetual ResourceA resource that is renewed continuously18
876004915Renewable ResourceA resource that can be replenished fairly quickly as long as it is not used up faster than it can be replenished19
876004916Sustainable YieldThe highest rate at which a renewable resource can be used without reducing available supply20
876004917Environmental DegradationWhen the available supply of a resource is lower than the amount being used21
876004918Common-PropertyProperty that individuals do not or cannot own22
876004919Tragedy of the CommonsDegradation of free-access resources due to little or no regulation23
876004920Ecological FootprintThe amount of biologically productive land and water needed to supply an area with resources and to absorb the waste and pollution produced24
876004921Per Capita Ecological FootprintThe average ecological footprint of an individual in an area25
876004922RecyclingCollecting waste materials to be processed into new products26
876004923ReuseUsing a resource over and over again in the same form27
876004924PollutionThe presence of chemicals at high enough of a level in the environment to threaten the health, survival or activities of living organisms28
876004925Point SourcesSingle, identifiable sources of pollution29
876004926Non-point SourcesWidespread, dispersed sources of pollution that are often hard to identify and locate30
876004927Pollution Prevention (Input Pollution Control)Reduced or eliminates production of pollution31
876004928Pollution Cleanup (Output Pollution Control)Cleanup or dilution of pollutants after they have been produced32
876004929PovertyThe inability to meet one's basic economic needs33
876004930AffluenceUnsustainable addiction to overconsumption and materialism34
876004931Frontier Environmental WorldviewView of North America as having vast resources meant to be conquered for human use35
876004932Environmental WorldviewSet of assumptions and values about how you think the world works36
876004933Environmental EthicsBelief of what is right and wrong with how we treat the environment37
876004934Planetary Management WorldviewIdea that nature exists to meet our needs and increasing wants; assumes that economic growth is infinite38
876004935Stewardship WorldviewIdea that we can manage the earth for our own benefit, but also have a responsibility to manage the earth's systems sustainably39
876004936Environmental Wisdom WorldviewHolds that we are part of and dependent on nature and that nature exists for all species40
876004937Four Scientific Principles of SustainabilityReliance on Solar Energy, Biodiversity, Population Control, Nutrient Recycling41
876004938Social CapitalInvolves cooperation of people to solve world problems42
876004939John MuirEarly advocate of wildlife preservation; helped preserve many national parks and wildlife preservation areas43

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