Enzymes involved in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycogen synthesis, glycogenolysis, pentose
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| 423011269 | hexokinase | The enzymes that catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose to form glucose-6-phosphate in the first step of glycolysis. | |
| 423011270 | glucokinase | The enzymes that catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose to form glucose-6-phosphate in the liver. | |
| 423011271 | phosphoglucoisomerase | Glucose-6-phosphate --> Fructose-6-phosphate in the second step of glycolysis | |
| 423011272 | phosphoglucomutase | glucose-6-P >>> glucose-1-P for glycogen synthesis | |
| 423011273 | phosphofructokinase | Catalyzes irreversible phosphorylation of Fructose-6-Phosphate to Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate. 3rd step of glycolysis. ATP required **COMMITTED STEP** | |
| 423011274 | aldolase A | Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate -> GAP + DHAP in muscle cells. 4th step of glycolysis | |
| 423011275 | aldolase B | Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate -> GAP + DHAP in liver cells. 4th step of glycolysis | |
| 423011276 | Triose phosphate isomerase | this enzyme converts dihydroxy acetone phosphate into glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate, 5th step of glycolysis | |
| 423011277 | glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase | Catalyzes conversion of Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate into 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate yielding 1 NADH, 6th step of glycolysis. | |
| 423011278 | phosphoglycerate kinase | Catalyzes conversion of 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate to 3-Phosphoglycerate, 7th step of glycolysis* yields 1 ATP through substrate level phosphorylation* | |
| 423011279 | phosphoglycerate mutase | 3-Phosphoglycerate (3-PG) > 2-Phosphoglycerate (2-PG), 8th step of glycolysis | |
| 423011280 | enolase | Catalyzes conversion of 2-Phosphoglycerate (2-PG) to Phosphoenolpyruvate, 9th step of glycolysis. | |
| 423011281 | pyruvate kinase | Catalyzes phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate **glycolysis regulated step** Last step of glycolysis. | |
| 423011282 | lactate dehydrogenase | Under anaerobic conditions catalyzes the conversion of Pyruvate to Lactate consuming 1 NADH in the process. Mostly in muscle cells. | |
| 423011283 | pyruvate dehydrogenase | Enzyme used in conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA under aerobic conditions. Links glycolysis to the TCA cycle. | |
| 423011284 | pyruvate decarboxylase | The enzyme responsible for the decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetaldehyde in anaerobic respiration in yeast. | |
| 423011285 | alcohol dehydrogenase | The enzyme responsible for formation of ethanol from acetaldehyde in anaerobic respiration in yeast. | |
| 423011286 | pyruvate carboxylase | Gluconeogenesis, irreversible enzymes in mitochondria. Pyruvate → oxaloacetate. Requires biotin, ATP. Activated by acetyl-CoA. | |
| 423011287 | phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase | In, Gluconeogensis catalyzes conversion of Oxaloacetate -> Phosphoenolpyruvate. Requires GTP->GDP | |
| 423011288 | fructose bisphosphatase | Fructose 1,6 - bisphosphate to Fructose 6 phosphate in Gluconeogenesis (main regulatory enzyme) | |
| 423011289 | glucose-6-phosphatase | An enzyme involved in gluconeogenesis which converts Glucose 6 - P to glucose. Lacking in muscle and brain. | |
| 423011290 | udp-glucose pyrophosphorylase | Synthesizes UDP glucose and primes it to be added to the non reducing end of Glycogen during glycogen synthesis. Requires UTP. | |
| 423011291 | glycogen synthase | Catalyzes the following reaction needed for glycogenesis: primer + UDPG → Primer + 1 glucose + UDP Essentially adds glucose to the growing glycogen chain Turned on by insulin and removing phosphate group Turned off by epinepherine and glucagon and by protein kinase (adding phosphate group) | |
| 423011292 | glycogenin | Is an enzyme involved in the anabolic pathway glycogenesis. It is responsible for initiating glycogen synthesis since it catalyzes the self-glycosylation of a tyrosine residue. It serves as a self glycosylating primer for glycogen synthesis. | |
| 423011293 | branching enzyme | transfers chain of 5-8 residues from non-reducing end to a site closer to the reducing end using an alpha 1-6 bond - branches occur every 8-10 residues | |
| 423011294 | phosphorylase | enzyme that breaks down glycogen by catalyzing hydrolysis of the glycosidic linkages between glucose residues. | |
| 423011295 | debranching enzyme | when 4 glycosyl units remain at the end of a chain before an alpha 1-6 branch point, the debranching enzyme uses two different enzymes to cleave the 3 glycosyl units and transfers them to the non-reducing end of another chain, and the branch glycosyl unit is released as free glucose by the second enzyme |
