Terms : Hide Images
| 102098259 | waterwheel | a large wheel turned by running water to provide power | 0 | |
| 102098260 | Urdu | A Persian-influenced literary form of Hindi written in Arabic characters and used as a literary language since the 1300s. (p. 388) | 1 | |
| 102098261 | university | An organization of advanced education,that makes the appropriate amenities available for insruction and study and has the necessary certfication to award graduate or undergraduate degrees. | 2 | |
| 102098262 | ulama | Muslim religious scholars. From the ninth century onward, the primary interpreters of Islamic law and the social core of Muslim urban societies. (p. 238) | 3 | |
| 102098263 | three-field system | A rotational system for agriculture in which one field grows grain, one grows legumes, and one lies fallow. It gradually replaced the two-field system in medieval Europe | 4 | |
| 102098264 | stirrup | Device for securing a horseman's feet, enabling him to wield weapons more effectively. First evidence of the use of stirrups was among the Kushan people of northern Afghanistan in approximately the first century C.E. | 5 | |
| 102098265 | Silk Road | Caravan routes connecting China and the Middle East across Central Asia and Iran., An ancient trade route between China and the Mediterranean Sea extending some 6,440 km (4,000 mi) and linking China with the Roman Empire. Marco Polo followed the route on his journey to Cathay | 6 | |
| 102098266 | shire | the angles and saxons divided England into 34 of these administrative units. They were the equivalent of a county | 7 | |
| 102098267 | schism | a formal split within a religious organization; any division or separation of a group or organization into hostile factions | 8 | |
| 102098268 | reconquest of Iberia | Beginning in the eleventh century, military campaigns by various Iberian Christian states to recapture territory taken by Muslims. In 1492 the last Muslim ruler was defeated, and Spain and Portugal emerged as united kingdoms. (p. 414) | 9 | |
| 102098269 | pilgrimage | Voluntary travel by an adherent to a sacred site to pay respects or participate in a ritual at the site. | 10 | |
| 102098270 | movable type | Type in which each individual character is cast on a separate piece of metal. It replaced woodblock printing, allowing for the arrangement of individual letters and other characters on a page. Invented in Korea 13th Century. (293) | 11 | |
| 102098271 | mit'a | Labor extracted for lands assigned to the state and the religion; all communities were expected to contribute; an essential aspect of Inca imperial control. | 12 | |
| 102098272 | mechanization | The application of machinery to manufacturing and other activities. Among the first processes to be mechanized were the spinning of cotton thread and the weaving of cloth in late-eighteenth- and early-nineteenth-century England. (p. 603) | 13 | |
| 102098273 | maritime system | The application of machinery to manufacturing and other activities. Among the first processes to be mechanized were the spinning were the spinning of cotton thread and the weaving of cloth in late-eighteenth and early-nineteenth century England. | 14 | |
| 102098274 | manumission | the formal act of freeing from slavery | 15 | |
| 102098275 | mansabs | In India, grants of land given in return for service by rulers of the Mughal Empire. (p. 536) | 16 | |
| 102098276 | manor | In medieval Europe, a large, self-sufficient landholding consisting of the lord's residence (manor house), outbuildings, peasant village, and surrounding land. (p. 254) | 17 | |
| 102098277 | llama | a hoofed animal indigenous to the Andes Mountains in South America. it was the only domesticated beast of burden in the Americas before the arrival of Europeans. it provided meat and wool. the use of lamas to transport goods made possible specialized production and trade among people living in different ecological zones and fostered the integration of these zones by Chavin and later Andean states. | 18 | |
| 102098278 | khipu | Cords of knotted strings used during the Inca Empire for keeping accounts and recording events. | 19 | |
| 102098279 | kamikaze | The 'divine wind,' which the Japanese credited with blowing Mongol invaders away from their shores in 1281. | 20 | |
| 102098280 | Kamakura shogunate | The first of Japan's decentralized military governments. (1185-1333). (p. 294) | 21 | |
| 102098281 | junk | A very large flatbottom sailing ship produced in the Tang and Song Empires, specially designed for long-distance commercial travel. (p. 288) | 22 | |
| 102098282 | investiture controversy | the most significant conflict between secular and religious powers in medieval Europe. It began as a dispute in the 11th century between Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, and the Pope Gregory VII concerning who would control appointments of church officials | 23 | |
| 102098283 | indulgence | The forgiveness of the punishment due for past sins, granted by the Catholic Church authorities as a reward for a pious act. Martin Luther's protest against the sale of indulgences is often seen as touching off the Protestant Reformation. (p. 446) | 24 | |
| 102098284 | Hundred Years War | Series of campaigns over control of the throne of France, involving English and French royal families and French noble families. (p. 413), War between England and France. England loses and losses half of its land but that land was in France.`, negative impact- France became an absolute power. Positive impact- France formed a nation-state. Ended in 1453 | 25 | |
| 102098285 | Hanseatic League | An economic and defensive alliance of the free towns in northern Germany, founded about 1241 and most powerful in the fourteenth century. (p. 401) | 26 | |
| 102098286 | gunpowder | A mixture of saltpeter, sulfur, and charcoal, in various proportions. The formula, brought to China in the 400s or 500s, was first used to make fumigators to keep away insect pests and evil spirits. IN later centuries it was used to make explosives and grenades and to propel cannonballs, shot, and bullets | 27 | |
| 102098287 | guild | In medieval Europe, an association of men (rarely women), such as merchants, artisans, or professors, who worked in a particular trade and banded together to promote their economic and political interests. (403) | 28 | |
| 102098288 | Great Western Schism | a period when the rival papal claimants at Avignon and Rome vied for the loyalties of Latin Christians. The conflict ended with the papacy being returned to the traditional location of Rome.Though the papacy gained its independence, it weakened its abilities to challenge the rising power of larger monarchies. | 29 | |
| 102098289 | fief | Under feudalism, the land a lord granted to a vassal in exchange for military service and loyalty. | 30 | |
| 102098290 | Delhi sultanate | founded after Muhammad of Ghor captured Delhi in 1192; lasted from 1206 AD to 1526 AD; the first Muslim empire in India; fell to Mughal conquest | 31 | |
| 102098291 | crusades | Armed pilgrimages to the Holy Land by Christians determined to recover Jerusalem from Muslim rule. The Crusades brought an end to Western Europe's centuries of intellectual and cultural isolation. | 32 | |
| 102098292 | champa rice | Quick-maturing rice that can allow two harvests in one growing season. Originally introduced into Champa from India, it was later sent to China as a tribute gift by the Champa state. (See also tributary system.) (p. 295) | 33 | |
| 102098293 | caliphate | the rulership of Islam; caliph, the spiritual head and temporal ruler of the Islamic state. In principle, Islam is theocratic: when Muhammad died, a caliph [Arab.,=successor] was chosen to rule in his place. The caliph had temporal and spiritual authority but was not permitted prophetic power; this was reserved for Muhammad. | 34 | |
| 102098294 | bubonic plague | A bacterial disease of fleas that can be transmitted by flea bites to rodents and humans; humans in late stages of the illness can spread the bacteria by coughing. High mortality rate and hard to contain. Disastrous. (280), a deadly disease that struck parts of Asia, North Africa, and Europe during the 1300s. It caused the death of one-third of Europe. It left blackish spots on the skin. It reduced population and decreased trade. | 35 |
