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Essential Cultural Knowledge: AP Spanish Language and CuIture Flashcards

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9528069277Papel que juega la literatura en la vida de personas en la comunidadDon Quixote: Novel by Spaniard Miguel de Cervantes, contemporary of William Shakepspeare. Published 1612. Considered the most influential of Spanish canon (body of literary work) and one of the highest-rated fictional works of all time. Cult Comp: Moby Dick, Hamlet, Collected works of Shakespeare, Oliver Twist, Great Expectations0
9581220172Papel que juega la literatura en la vida de personas en la comunidadMario Vargas Llosa, Peru. literature as a means of exploring other possible realities. awaken the imagination through reading.1
9612538232Cómo muestran su independencia los jóvenes en la comunidadIn Spain. The young enjoy freedom unlike any other place with festivals and activities in a healthy and safe way. In their country their unemployment rates are the second highest in the OECD countries and the majority of kids live at home with their parents. In our country our unemployment rates are far lower with better chances of kids getting there own homes.2
9618166729La importancia de la música como forma de expresión de la identidad cultural en Mexico y en Los EEUUBecause Mexico has the largest media industry in Latin America it is important to express their cultural identity by, producing Mexican artists telling stories of the Mexican Revolution, pride, Mestizo, romance, poverty, politics or crime in their music. Music in the United States expresses their diverse identity through their different styles and adaptation of music genres coming from different cultures adapting to what the music in the United States is today. Example: Elvis Presley with rock and roll, Eminem: Rapping3
9618170473El efecto de los fenómenos naturales en la vida de las personas en la comunidadThere are earthquakes in Mexico very frequently, like there are here. There was a 7.2 earthquake recently and it did a lot of damage. It brought the community together. We know what that is like here because of the fires.4
9618187222la influencia (positiva o negativa) de las figuras políticas en la vida de la comunidadAntonio Hermenegildo Carmona Añorve, was the director of police of Mexicali. Due to his collaboration with drug-dealing and organized crime he was arrested on August 29, 2001 and was sentenced to 36 years in prison. An example why the Mexican citizens distrust their own government. However, people such as Pancho Villa, Emiliano Zapata, Benito Juarez are known for their considerable amount of positive influence towards Mexican history and culture. An example of a political figure in america: Abraham Lincoln who single handedly saved the union.5
9618183350Las actitudes sobre la diversidad de la cultura en MéxicoMexico is diverse, and Mexicans often identify by their indigenous ancestors, or by location, such as central, southern, south-eastern or northern Mexico. Example: Zapoteca (The Zapotec people in Southern Mexico) Cultural comparison: Most Americans identify by their ancestors' nationality or race. Example: Pomo Indians6
9618184004Valores que se usan en la comunidad para determinar el éxito.In the United States and in Spain we determine success in almost the same way. In the U.S. we use money and our jobs to determine success. Spain determines success in this way too but they also use happiness to determine success.7
9618190760Desafíos más grandes que enfrentan las familias en la comunidad.In Mexico, a big challenge families face is immigration since families travel across the border into the US for money due to poverty in Mexico. Meanwhile in the US, a challenge families face is divorce.8
9618212544Papel que juega la religión en la vida de los miembros de la comunidad.In Spain, the country is mainly Catholic. The Catholic religion is and has been an important part of its society and culture for centuries. The church can unify people and create closer communities and families. Cultural Comparison: In the United States, religion is still important, but is more of an individual practice because of the diversity of religious beliefs.9
9618187443Los avances tecnológicos y su efecto en la calidad de vida de los miembros de la comunidadMexican company 'Ilumexico' aims to bring solar electricity to rural Mexican communities, create jobs, and improve quality of life for Mexicans that live off the grid. Cultural Comparison: Elon Musk and Tesla Musk has a goal of running the USA on primarily solar power Ex. Tesla's solar panel roof tiles10
9618215236La importancia de la familia en la vida de los individuos en la comunidadEn la cultura de españa, es muy importante que las familias pasen mucho tiempo juntos. Ellos van a fiestas y bailes para hacer esto. También es importante que la familia pase tiempo con miembros extendidos de la familia. Cultural Comparison: en los estados unidos, la importancia de la familia es una cosa que depende familia a familia en vez de parte de la cultura.11
9618212291Actividades en las que los miembros de la comunidad participan para disfrutar su tiempo libreIn Mexico many of the teenagers go to school and hangout with friends for fun. Unlike in America, teenagers are allowed to go to clubs so they often go to clubs and other parties like "Quinces" for when a girl turns 15.12
9618234770Los desafíos del sistema educativo.Economic inequality in Mexico leads to some of the region's families living comfortably, while families to the south are struggling to feed themselves and therefore do not have the needs to attend school. In the United States, there are safety nets to make sure all children can not only get an education, but they can also eat, get clothing, and have tutoring readily available.13
9618227771Efectos que han tenidos los inmigrantes en la vida cultural de la comunidadImmigrants bring their different cultures and perspectives to a community. This adds to the community's diversity and awareness of other countries. Most immigrants in Mexico are from Columbia, Argentina, Guatemala, and Honduras. Cultural Comparison: Most American immigrants are from European, Asian, and Latin American countries.14
9618261951Papel de los espacios públicos en la vida de los miembros de la comunidad en barcelon, españa.The city of Barcelona uses public places in order to build a diverse and harmonious community through influenced interaction among these places. In the US public places are considered places for socializing and interaction. Similar to Barcelona, usually having aesthetic presence, in the form of architecture and art. Important words: comité de espacios publicos comité de coexistencia grupo inter para la inmigración15
9618249435Importancia de las artes en la comunidad.The murals and graffiti through the barrios in Buenos Aires, Argentina show the citizens messages of protest, grief, and rage. They show the nation's history and current problems. An example is "Blinded by the flag" painted by an Italian artist Blu. Cultural comparison: The picture shown was supposed to be in the Rockefeller Center in New York. It was painted by Diego Rivera. The mural was too controversial so it was destroyed.16
9618270417el trabajo voluntario y su efecto en el bienestar de las personas en tu comunidadThere are volunteer projects in Spain where individuals have to pay and apply where once accepted, they volunteer in Spain for two weeks. Projects include teaching/assisting children and adults in need with new languages and educational courses. (math, science, etc.) With a better education, the employment rates increase. Cult. Comp: Plowshares Peace and Justice Center Their purpose is to provide food for anyone in need through volunteers. Through Plowshares, nobody in our community is left starving.17
9618224011Desafíos que enfrenta la comunidad con respecto a las personas sin hogarHomelessness costs a community a lot of money, as shelters and hospital care are often more expensive for homeless people than real housing and health care for non homeless people. This creates a moral dilemma for many communities; why would we spend so much on people who don't even contribute to society? The fact is, homeless people are more likely to be mentally ill, use drugs, or have long term physical health issues. People fear the homeless for these reasons, and the desire to help these people is in turn very low. This means that homelessness does not go away and these people remain on the streets. CC: In Madrid, Spain, there is an estimated 40,000 homeless people, many of which are living in the city (4.8%) or directly on the streets (33%). In NYC, about 63,000 people sleep on the streets every night. While this is significantly more than Madrid, NYC has almost twice as big of a population.18
9618245903días patrióticos/ celebraciones nacionales e importancia de su celebración en la comunidad.Mexican day of independence is on Sept. 16th and is a celebration of their breakaway from Spain. Mexico celebrates Hidalgo as the Mexican Washington. In America we celebrate Independence Day on July 4th. Our national hero is George Washington.19
9618533794igualdadequality20
9618539023desigualdadinequality21
9618277184Las oportunidades educacionales que existen en la comunidadIn rural Guatemala, the education system is made up of poorly supplied teachers with inadequate teaching supplies and necessities such as desks or even properly constructed classrooms. Also, since more than half the population lives below the poverty line, many children are forced to stay home and support their families and work to provide financial stability. According to the State of Education in Guatemala, out of the 65% of the population that is enrolled in secondary schooling only 59% actually complete their education and only 18% enroll in higher education. **Cultural comparison: In the United States, we have the luxury of school funding towards sufficient classroom materials, the building of the classrooms themselves, sports teams/ equipment, and much more. Also, it is less of a financial problem for students to go to school instead of working which leads to a higher enrollment and completion rate of education.22
9618247836relevancia que han tenido los personajes históricos en la identidad o el bienestar de la comunidadIsabel Ferrer Giner was well known for her school in Spain for girls where she taught poor girls religion and profession of sewing in order to support themselves that is still use today. Cult Comp: Mala Foundation23
9618253167la igualdad y desigualdad de género (gender) en la vida cotidianaIn Spain, 92% of Spaniards still believe their country has yet to achieve equality, and despite recent protests have not seen results. In the United States, 57% of American women believe that their country has not done enough to achieve equality, but are doing more to achieve general equality and are seeing small steps towards it.24
9618291050Métodos para prevenir enfermedades en la sociedad / Esfuerzos de atención médica preventivaIn Mexico, there is a public health service along with health services provided by jobs. The free service provides patients with diabetes screening, vaccinations and chronic illness treatment. In the United States, Obamacare was created to be a health insurance plan for middle to low income families. It was aimed to reduce the amount of uninsured people in the US.25
9618311516Un deportista profesional y su contribución al bienestar de la comunidadRafael Marquez Alvarez, a Mexican soccer player who has contributed in NED (Nutrition Education and Sports) for young people who have had situations due with gangs, alcohol and other uses of drugs.26
9618299250Importancia de la celebración de las diferentes tradiciones culturalesAn important cultural tradition in México is the celebration of El día de los muertos. This celebration is one full of color and happiness, as opposed to most American's avoidance of death.27
9618419816Los efectos del desempleo en la comunidad a las personas individualmente y a la comunidad en generalIf a community has great unemployment, that community would be lacking many jobs and money for all people. In the U.S., the unemployment rate is 4.1% and in Spain, the rate is 16.4%. Spain has a great amount of youth unemployment and it is very difficult for the community not to have jobs.28
9627630163el afecto del liderazgo de las mujeres en la vida de las personas en la comunidadClara Campoamor lead the women's suffrage movement in Spain in 1931, successfully giving women in Spain the right to vote. Cultural Comparison: Susan B Anthony (founded the National Woman Suffrage Association in 1869. Women's right to vote came in 1920)29
9656909254Historic event que ha afectado profundamente al caracter de la comunidadIn 2000, Vicente Fox was elected president of Mexico. During his presidency, he focused on calming areas of civil unrest, reducing crime, and drug trafficking, which profoundly impacted communities. In the US, Obama's presidency also had an effect on communities, for example the Affordable Care Act and the rise of employment rates.30
9657261355El efecto económico que han tenido los inmigrantes en la comunidadSpain has seen the most growth from immigrants in the last 15 years in Europe. Spain also has had one of the fastest growing economies in Europe, which it attributes to the work force provided by immigration. Immigrants in America make up a huge portion of the agricultural workforce. The economy relies on them to provide cheap labor.31

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