Terms : Hide Images
| 404259559 | actin filament | Cytoskeletal filament of eukaryotic cells composed of the protein actin; also refers to the thin filaments of muscle cells. | |
| 404259560 | adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | Nucleotide with three phosphate groups. The breakdown of ATP into ADP + p makes energy available for energy-requiring processes in cells. | |
| 404259561 | adhesion junction | Junction between cells in which the adjacent plasma membranes do not touch but are held together by intercellular filaments attached to buttonlike thickenings. | |
| 404259562 | capsule | Gelatinous layer surrounding the cells of green algae and certain bacteria. | |
| 404259563 | cell | Smallest unit that displays the properties of life; composed of cytoplasm surrounded by a plasma membrane. | |
| 404259564 | cell theory | One of the major theories of biology, which states that all organisms are made up of cells; cells are capable of self-reproduction and come only from preexisting cells. | |
| 404259565 | cell wall | Structure that surrounds a plant, protistan, fungal, or bacterial cell and maintains the cell's shape and rigidity. | |
| 404259566 | cellular respiration | Metabolic reactions that use the energy from carbohydrates, fatty acid, or amino acid breakdown to produce ATP molecules. | |
| 404259567 | centriole | Cell organelle, existing in pairs, that occurs in the centrosome and may help organize a mitotic spindle for chromosome movement during animal cell division. | |
| 404259568 | centrosome | Central microtubule organizing center of cells. In animal cells, it contains two centrioles. | |
| 404259569 | chloroplast | Membrane-bounded organelle in algae and plants with chlorophyll-containing membranous thylakoids; where photosynthesis takes place. | |
| 404259570 | chromatin | Network of fibrils consisting of DNA and associated proteins observed within a nucleus that is not dividing. | |
| 404259571 | chromosome | Structure consisting of DNA complexed with proteins that transmits genetic information from the previous generation of cells and organisms to the next generation. | |
| 404259572 | cilium (pl., cilia) | Short, hairlike projection from the plasma membrane, occurring usually in larger numbers. | |
| 404259573 | conjugation pili | Tubular, rigid bacterial structures that enable the transmission of DNA from cell to cell. | |
| 404259574 | cristae | Short, fingerlike projections formed by the folding of the inner membrane of mitochondria. | |
| 404259575 | cytoplasm | Contents of a cell between the nucleus (nucleoid region of bacteria) and the plasma membrane. | |
| 404259576 | cytoskeleton | Internal framework of the cell, consisting of microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments. | |
| 404259577 | endomembrane system | Collection of membranous structures involved in transport within the cell. | |
| 404259578 | endoplasmic reticulum (ER) | System of membranous saccules and channels in the cytoplasm, often with attached ribosomes. | |
| 404259579 | eukaryotic cell | Type of cell that has a membrane-bounded nucleus and membranous organelles; found in organisms within the domain Eukarya. | |
| 404259580 | extracellular matrix (ECM) | Meshwork of polysaccharides and proteins that provides support for an animal cell and affects its behavior. | |
| 404259581 | fimbriae | In bacteria, small, bristlelike fibers on bacterial cell surface that enable bacteria to adhere to surfaces. | |
| 404259582 | flagellum (pl., flagella) | Long, slender extension used for locomotion by some bacteria, protozoans, and sperm. | |
| 404259583 | gap junction | Junction between cells formed by the joining of two adjacent plasma membranes; it lends strength and allows ions, sugars, and small molecules to pass between cells. | |
| 404259584 | Golgi apparatus | Organelle consisting of saccules and vesicles that processes, packages, and distributes molecules about or from the cell. | |
| 404259585 | granum | Stack of chlorophyll-containing thylakoids in a chloroplast. | |
| 404259586 | lysosome | Membrane-bounded vesicle that contains hydrolytic enzymes for digesting macromolecules. | |
| 404259587 | matrix | Unstructured semifluid substance that fills the space between cells in connective tissues or inside organelles. | |
| 404259588 | microtubule | Small, cylindrical organelle composed of tubulin protein around an empty central core; present in the cytoplasm, centrioles, cilia, and flagella. | |
| 404259589 | mitochondrion | Membrane-bounded organelle in which ATP molecules are produced during the process of cellular respiration. | |
| 404259590 | motor protein | Proteins associated with the cytoskeleton that allow movement of transport vesicles and organelles. | |
| 404259591 | nuclear envelope | Double membrane that surrounds the nucleus in eukaryotic cells and is connected to the endoplasmic reticulum; has pores that allow substances to pass between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. | |
| 404259592 | nuclear pore | Opening in the nuclear envelope that permits the passage of proteins into the nucleus and ribosomal subunits out of the nucleus. | |
| 404259593 | nucleoid | Region of prokaryotic cells where DNA is located; it is not bounded by a nuclear envelope. | |
| 404259594 | nucleolus | Dark-staining, spherical body in the nucleus that produces ribosomal subunits. | |
| 404259595 | nucleus | Center of an atom, in which protons and neutrons are found; membrane-bounded organelle within a eukaryotic cell that contains chromosomes and controls the structure and function of the cell. | |
| 404259596 | organelle | Small, often membranous structure in the cytoplasm having a specific structure and function. | |
| 404259597 | plasma membrane | Membrane surrounding the cytoplasm that consists of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins; functions to regulate the entrance and exit of molecules from a cell. | |
| 404259598 | plasmodesmata | In plants, cytoplasmic strands that extend through pores in the cell wall and connect the cytoplasm of two adjacent cells. | |
| 404259599 | polyribosome | String of ribosomes simultaneously translating regions of the same mRNA strand during protein synthesis. | |
| 404259600 | prokaryotic cell | Lacking a membrane-bounded nucleus and organelles; the cell type within the domains Bacteria and Archaea. | |
| 404259601 | ribosome | RNA and protein in two subunits; site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. | |
| 404259602 | rough ER | Membranous system of tubules, vesicles, and sacs in cells; has attached ribosomes. | |
| 404259603 | secretion | In the cell, release of a substance by exocytosis from a cell that may be a gland or part of a gland; in the urinary system, movement of certain molecules from blood into the distal tubule of a nephron so that they are added to urine. | |
| 404259604 | smooth ER | Membranous system of tubules, vesicles, and sacs in eukaryotic cells; lacks attached ribosomes. | |
| 404259605 | stroma | Fluid within a chloroplast that contains enzymes involved in the synthesis of carbohydrates during photosynthesis. | |
| 404259606 | surface-area-to-volume ratio | A smaller value of this explains why smaller cells are more efficient. | |
| 404259607 | thylakoid | Flattened sac within a granum whose membrane contains chlorophyll and where the light reactions of photosynthesis occur. | |
| 404259608 | tight junction | Junction between cells when adjacent plasma membrane proteins join to form an impermeable barrier. | |
| 404259609 | transport vesicles | Small membranous sacs that carry products between endomembrane system organelles and prevent the products from entering the cytoplasm. | |
| 404259610 | vacuole | Membrane-bounded sac, larger than a vesicle; usually functions in storage and can contain a variety of substances. In plants, the it fills much of the interior of the cell. | |
| 404259611 | vesicle | Small, membrane-bounded sac that stores substances within a cell. | |
| 404646038 | fimbriae, conjugation pilius, flagellum, capsule, nucleoid, ribosome, plasma membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm |  | |
| 404646039 | vesicle, centrioles, mitochondrion, rough ER, smooth ER, lysosome, golgi apparatus, nucleus, vesicle formation, ribosome, cytoplasm, polyribosome, microtubule, filament, nuclear pore, nuclear envelope, nucleolus, chromatin |  |
