Definitions for College European History
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| 544049489 | Thirty Years War | War from 1618 to 1648 between German Protestants and their allies against the Holy Roman emperor and Spain; caused great destruction. | |
| 544049490 | Military Revolution | during 30 years war, there was an increase in firearms & canoons; greater mobility in tactics; better trained armies | |
| 544049491 | Louis XIV | king of France from 1643 to 1715; his long reign was marked by the expansion of French influence in Europe and by the magnificence of his court and the Palace of Versailles (1638-1715) | |
| 544049492 | Rise of Prussia | 1650- 1763 After the thirty years war -Almost every euro country got involved -Austria/Prussia (german speaking) rose from chaos, leaders mastered absolutism | |
| 544049493 | Peter the Great | ruled Russia from 1682 to 1725, wanted closer ties to western europe, modernize and strengthen Russia | |
| 544049494 | English Civil War | Conflict from 1640 to 1660; included religious and constitutional issues concerning the powers of the monarchy; ended with restoration of a limited monarchy. Parlimentarianist and royalists | |
| 544049495 | Glorious Revolution | This was the "revolution" that replaced James II with William and Mary that also recognized the supremacy of the Parliament with minimum bloodshed | |
| 544049496 | Baroque Period | 1600-1750 a period of time where Madrid, Prague, Vienna, and Brussels incorporated religious revival into art | |
| 544049497 | Shakespeare | English poet and dramatist considered one of the greatest English writers (1564-1616) | |
| 544049498 | Astronomy | the branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and the universe as a whole | |
| 544049499 | Isaac Newton | English mathematician and scientist- invented differential calculus and formulated the theory of universal gravitation, a theory about the nature of light, and three laws of motion. was supposedly inspired by the sight of a falling apple. 1642-1727 | |
| 544049500 | Scientific Method | a series of steps followed to solve problems including collecting data, formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and stating conclusions | |
| 544049501 | Scientific Societies | first of these formed in the 1660s; English Royal Society of London; French Academyof Sciences;these held meetings, published journals, established research projects; shared results | |
| 544049502 | Skepticism | the disbelief in any claims of ultimate knowledge | |
| 544049503 | Voltaire | French, perhaps greatest Enlightenment thinker. Deist. Mixed glorification and reason with an appeal for better individuals and institutions. Wrote Candide. Believed enlightened despot best form of government. | |
| 544049504 | Encyclopedia | This was the first publication of different essays about the culture and society of France which was put on the Index of Forbidden Books because it dealt with controversial issues | |
| 544049505 | Jean-Jacques Rousseau | A French man who believed that Human beings are naturally good & free & can rely on their instincts. Government should exist to protect common good, and be a democracy | |
| 544049506 | Philosophes | Social critics of the eighteenth century who subjected social institutions and practices to the test of reason. | |
| 544049507 | Classical Music | traditional genre of music conforming to an established form and appealing to critical interest and developed musical taste | |
| 544049508 | Pietism and Methodism | they both involved inner experience that was inspired by God and took Religion seriously; they both wanted their religions to go back to the bible and to pray and study the scripture | |
| 544049509 | Enlightened Absolutism | system in which rulers tried to govern by Enlightenment principles while maintaining their full royal powers | |
| 544049510 | Seven Years War | (1756-1763 CE) Known also as the French and Indian war. It was the war between the French and their Indian allies and the English that proved the English to be the more dominant force of what was to be the United States both commercially and in terms of controlled regions. | |
| 544049511 | Population Increase | The increase of population taking in account of emigration and immigration | |
| 544049512 | American Revolution | This political revolution began with the Declaration of Independence in 1776 where American colonists sought to balance the power between government and the people and protect the rights of citizens in a democracy. | |
| 544049513 | Estates General | The French national assembly summoned in 1789 to remedy the financial crisis and correct abuses of the ancien regime. | |
| 544049514 | Reign of Terror | the historic period (1793-94) during the French Revolution when thousands were executed | |
| 544049515 | Louis XVI | king of France from 1774 to 1792 | |
| 544049516 | Napoleon | French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821), Military Genius of France, who later became a dictator and eventually overthrown. He sold the west land (Louisiana) to the United States for a very cheap price doubling the land of America. | |
| 544049517 | Napoleon's Grand Empire | the empire ruled by Napoleon; composed of three parts: the French Empire (the inner core of the grand empire), the dependant states (under the rule of Napoleon's relatives) and allied states (those defeated by Napoleon) |
