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| 371106142 | Opium War | The Brits introduced opium to the Chinese in 1773. The drug habit was so widespread among Chinese that in 1838 the Manchu Emperor realeased an imperial edict forbidding the trade or use of opium. Chinese seized British opium in Canton in 1839, triggering a war that lasted until 1842. China lost. A second one fluorished in 1856 when the Manchus resisted to the unequal treaties, Chinese lost again. | 0 | |
| 371106143 | Treaty of Nanjing | (1842) An unequal treaty between Great Britain and China resulting from the Opium War. The treaty stated that China was to reimburse Britain for costs incurred fighting the war. The Chinese were forced to open several ports to British trade, provide Britain with complete control of Hong Kong, and grant extraterritoriality to British citizens living in China. The Manchus were later forced to allow Christian missionaries (1844). | 1 | |
| 371106144 | unequal treaties | Trade treaties that China signed under pressure of invasion; gave Western powers trade benefits. | 2 | |
| 371106145 | White Lotus Rebellions | When the Brits defeated the Chinese in the Opium Wars, the Chinese started to doubt on their Qing Emperor. Buddhist peasants rebelled over taxes and corruption in 1796. | 3 | |
| 371106146 | Taiping Rebellion | (1854-1868) The Taipings led a religious zealot claiming to be brothers of Jesus. They got a million-man army and nearly managed to bring down the Manchu government. They failed but the rebellion was a clear sign that the Qing Dynasty was crumbling. | 4 | |
| 371106147 | Self-Strengthening Movement | late 19th century movement in China to counter the challenge from the West; led by provincial leaders. Did no good, Koreans got independence in 1876. | 5 | |
| 371106148 | Sino-French War | A war fought between China and France in 1883 in which the Chinese lost control of Vietnam to the French where they established Indochina. | 6 | |
| 371106149 | Sino-Japanese War | (1894-1895) Japan's imperialistic war against China to gain control of natural resources and markets for their goods. It ended with the Treaty of Shimonoseki which granted Japan Chinese port city trading rights, control of Manchuria, the annexation of the island of Sakhalin, and Korea became its protectorate. | 7 | |
| 371106150 | Treaty of Shimonoseki | (1895) This treaty ended the First Sino-Japanese War. It gave Japan its first two colonies: Taiwan and the Pescadores Island. | 8 | |
| 371106151 | spheres of influence | Areas in which countries have some political and economic control but do not govern directly. | 9 | |
| 371106152 | Open Door Policy | American approach to China around 1900, favoring open trade relations between China and other nations, response to European spheres of influence in China and possible European colonization. | 10 | |
| 371798502 | Boxers | The Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists, organized a response to the Manchu defeats. Their goal was to drive Europeans and Japanese out of China. They adopted guerrilla warfare, slaughtered Christian missionaries and seized control of foreign amabssies.They failed and the Manchu government was more humiliated. | 11 | |
| 371798503 | Boxer Protocol | (1901) Chinese forced to sign after suppressed in Boxer Rebellion. Required regime to pay gold for damages to foreign life and property and allowed Western powers to station troops in Beijing. The Qing Emperor also had to formally apologize. | 12 | |
| 371798504 | Sun Yat-sen | Leader of the Chinese republic that rose after Chinese culture started to crumble, foot-binding was abolished in 1901, the civil service examintion was eliminated in 1905 and Qing imperial rule came to an end in 1911. | 13 |
