Terms : Hide Images
| 16230205 | By scholarly convention, prehistory refers to the period | before the invention of writing. | 0 | |
| 16230206 | Human beings and large apes are significantly different in | level of intelligence. | 1 | |
| 16230207 | The famous Lucy was | a Homo erectus. | 2 | |
| 16230208 | The family of hominids includes all of the following species except | apes and monkeys. | 3 | |
| 16230209 | A major difference between Homo erectus and Australopithecus was the ability to | communicate through language. | 4 | |
| 16230210 | Homo sapiens were better hunters than Australopithecus and Homo erectus because they | had larger brains and higher intelligence. | 5 | |
| 16230211 | The most significant defining characteristic of the paleolithic era was that | peoples relied on hunting and gathering for subsistence | 6 | |
| 16230212 | Cro-Magnon peoples were | Homo sapiens sapiens. | 7 | |
| 16230213 | What was a likely purpose of Cro-Magnon cave painting? | to exercise sympathetic magic. | 8 | |
| 16230214 | The term neolithic era refers to | the early stages of a cultivating society;the agricultural transition;polished stone tools;permanently in villages | 9 | |
| 16230215 | Cities first emerged from agricultural villages and towns in | the valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. | 10 | |
| 16230216 | Australopithecus | Walked upright on two legs; well-developed hands | 11 | |
| 16230217 | Mesopotamia: "the land between the rivers" | Valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates | 12 | |
| 16230218 | Monotheism | The belief that there is only one God in all places at all times. | 13 | |
| 16230219 | Rosetta Stone | A basalt slab discovered at Rosetta (Rashid), at the western mouth of the Nile, during Napoleon's occupation of Egypt in 1799. It was seized by the victorious British Army and is now in the British Museum. The text is an honorific decree of Ptolemy V (196 B.C.) that was written in ancient Greek, hieroglyphics, and demotic, which is a later form of ancient Egyptian. The stone enabled the French explorer and linguist Champollion to decipher ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics by comparing the unknown text of hieroglyphics to the known and translated text in Greek and demotic. | 14 | |
| 16230220 | Hammurabi | Capital is Babylon;Law Code: law of retribution and importance of social status | 15 | |
| 16230221 | Pharaoh | absolute ruler and owns all land | 16 | |
| 16230222 | Theocracy | a form of state political organization in which the government is based on religious offices. | 17 | |
| 16230223 | Polytheism | the worship of many gods. | 18 | |
| 16230224 | Indus River valley | remains inaccessible because of silt deposits and rising water table;writing not yet translated;Runs through north India | 19 | |
| 16230225 | Sumer | A region in the southern part of ancient Mesopotamia. The Sumerians appeared around 5000 B.C.; the civilization was made up of independent walled city-states, and declined around 2350 B.C. with the rise of the Akkadian Empire. Sumerian culture was revived at the very end of the 3rd milenium BC. during the 'Third Dynasty of Ur' after which time the Old Babylonian culture ruled Mesopotamia. However, the Sumerian writing system (cuneiform) was used throughout the Ancient Near East for another 2,000 years. | 20 | |
| 16230226 | Harappa and Mohenjo-daro | two main cities of Indus River Valley | 21 | |
| 16230227 | Dynasty | a sequence of powerful leaders in the same family | 22 | |
| 16230228 | Cuneiform | The first system of writing in human history, developed in ancient Mesopotamia, which used a reed to impress wedge-shaped marks onto the surface of clay tablets. | 23 | |
| 16230229 | Heiroglyphics | A system of writing which uses pictures for concepts and ideas. | 24 | |
| 16230230 | Mandate of Heaven | Chinese idea that emperors derived their license to rule from the ancestor/gods and kept it only as long as they ruled justly. (Compare the Euro-Christian concept of the "divine right of kings." ) | 25 | |
| 16230231 | Chinese Writing system | Early Chinese writing, from pictograph to ideograph; | 26 | |
| 16230232 | Buddhism | Buddhism developed in India, and is based on many of the core concepts of Hinduism. Buddhists believe in an endless cycle of reincarnation, or samsara, which is similar to beliefs of Hinduism. However, Buddhists do not believe that deities are responsible for the phenomenon. In addition, the Caste System is rejected by Buddhists who believe instead that one is reincarnated until they can achieve nirvana, best described as spiritual enlightenment. | 27 | |
| 16230233 | Reincarnation | a belief system that one's soul lives many life times in order to grow and learn. | 28 | |
| 16230234 | Confucius | a Chinese philosopher who lived from 551 to 479 BC His teachings are called Confucianism, a system of ethics that was very important in China. | 29 | |
| 16230235 | Shi Huangdi | first emperor of a unified China in 221 BCE. He ruled until his death in 210 BCE, calling himself the First Emperor (Chinese: 始皇帝; pinyin: Shǐ Huáng Dì; Wade-Giles: Shih Huang-Ti). He was known for the introduction of Legalism and also for unifying China. | 30 | |
| 16230236 | Twelve tribes of Isreal | Tribes of Israel: twelve kin groups of ancient Israel each traditionally descended from one of the twelve sons of Jacob | 31 | |
| 16230237 | Torah | First 5 books of the Jewish Bible b. Also refers to the whole of Jewish law c. also common term for a chassidic teaching | 32 | |
| 16230238 | Hinduism | The main religious and social system in India. Hinduism has various sects with the commonality of the belief in reincarnation, polytheism and an ordained caste system as its social base. | 33 | |
| 16230239 | Judaism | the monotheistic religion of the Jews having its spiritual and ethical principles embodied chiefly in the Torah and in the Talmud | 34 | |
| 16230240 | Legalism | Strict or excessive adherence to law or religious or moral code | 35 | |
| 16230241 | Daoism | a philosophy of life founded by Laozi. It draws on nature as a guide;literally, "way" or "path;" the rhythmic balance and natural, flowing patterns of the universe | 36 | |
| 16230242 | Great Wall | a long wall that the Chinese built to keep out nomadic tribes from the north and west. It was expanded and rebuilt several times under different dynasties | 37 | |
| 16230243 | Four Noble Truths | Were discovered by the Buddha through enlightenment. These truths form the basis for a Buddhist worldview: All people suffer from unfulfilled and inappropriate desires, but suffering can be overcome by following the Eightfold Path. | 38 | |
| 16230244 | Oracle Bones | In ancient China, they were pieces of bone or turtle shell used by Shang priests to tell the future. They would write a question addressed to either one of the gods, or an ancestor on the bone, then heat it until it cracked. They believed that by studying the pattern of cracks, one could learn the answer to the question. Oracle bones are the oldest example of Chinese writing. | 39 | |
| 16230245 | Siddhartha Guatama | aka: Buddha) 560 - 480 BCE. Indian prince who created Buddhism. | 40 | |
| 16230246 | Aryans | A race that originated in Central Asia and later migrated to Europe and India according to European Indologists like Max Mueller. The Aryan migration into India was supposed to have taken place around 1500 BCE. According to this theory the Aryans destroyed the Indus valley civilizations, pushed the Dravidians to the south of India and founded the Vedic culture. This theory is now not accepted by many. The founders of the Vedic civilization are believed to be indigenous to India and not migrants. Arya in Vedic literature means noble and is used as a common term for addressing royalty | 41 | |
| 16230247 | Harrapan Civilization | First civilization of Indian subcontinent; emerged in Indus River valley | 42 | |
| 16230248 | Phonecian alphabet | A B C | 43 | |
| 16230249 | Royal Road | a road in the persian empire, stretching over 1,600 miles from susa in persia to sardis in anatolia | 44 | |
| 16230250 | Moses | (Old Testament) the Hebrew prophet who led the Israelites from Egypt across the Red sea on a journey known as the Exodus | 45 | |
| 16230251 | King Tut | only pharaoh of Egypt known to still rest in the Valley of the Kings | 46 | |
| 16230252 | Cyrus the Great | king of Persia and founder of the Persian empire (circa 600-529 BC) | 47 | |
| 16230253 | Yin and Yang | two forces in the universe, according to Chinese Theory: Yin is the passive, negative force, and Yang the active, positive force | 48 | |
| 16230254 | Asoka | Hindu general who became king of India | 49 | |
| 16230255 | Gupta Empire | Golden Age of India; ruled through central government but allowed village power; restored Hinduism | 50 | |
| 16230256 | Maurya Empire | centralized India; greatest ruler, Ashoka; collapsed because of outside invaders; built road system for trade and defense | 51 | |
| 16230257 | Han Dynasty | imperial dynasty that ruled China (most of the time) from 206 BC to 221 and expanded its boundaries and developed its bureaucracy | 52 | |
| 16230258 | Samurai | a Japanese warrior who was a member of the feudal military aristocracy | 53 | |
| 16230259 | Silk Road | an ancient trade route between China and the Mediterranean (4,000 miles) | 54 | |
| 16230260 | Sui Dynasty | brought China together. Rules 30 years, build Grand Canal (dynasty) | 55 | |
| 16230261 | Shintoism | the ancient indigenous religion of Japan lacking formal dogma | 56 | |
| 16230262 | Civil Service Exam | Confucian exam to acquire a position in the Chinese bureaucracy | 57 | |
| 16230263 | Sinicization | The process of adopting chinese culture | 58 | |
| 16230264 | Tang Dynasty | Dynasty often referred to as China's Golden age that reigned during 618-907 CE;rebuilt Great Wall | 59 | |
| 16230265 | Angkor Wat | a hindu temple in cambodia built by the khmer people | 60 | |
| 16230266 | Bushido | traditional code of the Japanese samurai which stressed courage and loyalty and self-discipline and simple living | 61 | |
| 16230267 | Bronze Age | (archeology) a period between the Stone and Iron ages, characterized by the manufacture and use of bronze tools and weapons | 62 | |
| 16230268 | Polis | Greek city-state | 63 | |
| 16230269 | Democracy | a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them | 64 | |
| 16230270 | Thermopylae | the Greeks sent about 7000 soldiers to gaurd the pass, for two days they held off the Persians but on the 2nd day, a traitor led the persians through a secret pass so they could attack from behind. Most of the Greeks retreated but 300 Spartan soldiers stayed and fought. | 65 | |
| 16230271 | Phalanx | Tight military formation of men eight or more ranks deep | 66 | |
| 16230272 | Aristotle | one of the greatest of the ancient Athenian philosophers | 67 | |
| 16230273 | Sparta | an ancient Greek city famous for military prowess | 68 | |
| 16230274 | Homer | ancient Greek epic poet who is believed to have written the Iliad and the Odyssey (circa 850 BC) | 69 | |
| 16230275 | Socrates | ancient Athenian philosopher | 70 | |
| 16230276 | Julius Ceaser | Military leader, part of 1st Triumvirate, fights in pompey, wins and becomes dictator for life in Rome | 71 | |
| 16230277 | Plato | ancient Athenian philosopher | 72 | |
| 16230278 | Alexander the Great | successor of Philip of Macedon; 1st global empire, but no lasting bureaucracy; spread of Hellenism is greatest achievement | 73 | |
| 16230279 | Oligarchy | a political system governed by a few people | 74 | |
| 16230280 | Illiad & Odyssey | Homer's poem narrates a dispute between Agamemnon the king and his warrior Achilles, whose honor is wounded and then avenged | 75 | |
| 16230281 | Athens | the capital and largest city of Greece | 76 | |
| 16230282 | Mt. Olympus | where gods & goddesses lived | 77 | |
| 16230283 | The Republic | Plato | 78 | |
| 16230284 | Tyrants | people who gained power by force | 79 | |
| 16230285 | Peloponnesian War | a war in which Athens and its allies were defeated by the league centered on Sparta | 80 | |
| 16230286 | Patricians | A group of people who made up the ruling class of Rome | 81 | |
| 16230287 | First Triumvirate | (60-53 BCE): Caesar, Crassus, Pompey | 82 | |
| 16230288 | Second triumvirate | Octavius, Marc Antony, and Lepidus. Ocatvius took over and Replic was over. entered Pax Romana with Octavius. | 83 | |
| 16230289 | Punic Wars | Roman victory over Carthage | 84 | |
| 16230290 | Christianity | a monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior | 85 | |
| 16230291 | Twelve Tables | codification of Roman Law | 86 | |
| 16230292 | Carthage | an ancient city state on the north African coast near modern Tunis | 87 | |
| 16230293 | Republic | a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them | 88 | |
| 16230294 | Pax Romana | the Roman peace | 89 | |
| 16230295 | Constantine | Emperor of Rome who adopted the Christian faith and stopped the persecution of Christians (280-337) | 90 | |
| 16230296 | Augustus | Roman statesman who established the Roman Empire and became emperor in 27 BC | 91 | |
| 16230297 | Gladiator | (ancient Rome) a professional combatant or a captive who entertained the public by engaging in mortal combat | 92 | |
| 16230298 | Plebians | lower class | 93 | |
| 16230299 | 5 Pillars | Allah is God. prayer. give to the poor. fasting. pilgrimage to Mecca | 94 | |
| 16230300 | Justinian Code | the legal code of ancient Rome | 95 | |
| 16230301 | Byzantine Empire | It served as a buffer between the Muslim middle East and the Latin west. It fell to the Ottoman Turks along with the city of Constantinople in 1453. | 96 | |
| 16230302 | Abbasid Dynasty | 750-1265: Succeeded Umayyad Dynasty, Baghdad, Persian Influence, Trading, LEARNING | 97 | |
| 16230303 | Theme system | 527 C.E. | 98 | |
| 16230304 | Caesaropapism | the doctrine that the state is supreme over the church in ecclesiastical matters | 99 | |
| 16230305 | Constantinople | The capital of the eastern Roman Empire and later of the Byzantine Empire | 100 | |
| 16230306 | Fief | a piece of land held under the feudal system | 101 | |
| 16230307 | Vassal | a person holding a fief | 102 | |
| 16230308 | Manoralism | the idea that everyone would live on the manor and they would divide the work among the proper worker | 103 | |
| 16230309 | Scholasticism | This emphasized reason as well as faith and the interpretation of Christian doctrine. | 104 | |
| 16230310 | Inquistion | a church court to judge convict and punish heretics | 105 | |
| 16230311 | Great Schism | separation of Church | 106 | |
| 16230312 | Crusades | 1096 Christian Europe aim to reclaim Jerusalem and aid they Byzantines; 1st success and the rest a failure; weakens the Byzantines; opens up trade | 107 | |
| 16230313 | Charlemagne | King of the Franks who conquered much of Western Europe, great patron of leterature and learning | 108 | |
| 16230314 | Gothic Architecture | architecture with higher and more graceful buildings; high arch ceilings and tall windows, flying buttresses | 109 | |
| 16230315 | Black Death | the epidemic form of bubonic plague experienced during the Middle Ages when it killed nearly half the people of western Europe | 110 | |
| 16230316 | Guilds | Association of merchants or artisans who cooperated to protect their economic interests | 111 | |
| 16230317 | Reconquista | The effort by Christian leaders to drive the Muslims out of Spain, lasting from the 1100s until 1492. | 112 | |
| 16230318 | Chivalry | The knightly system of feudal times with its code, usages and practices. | 113 | |
| 16230319 | Joan of Arc | French heroine and military leader inspired by religious visions to organize French resistance to the English and to have Charles VII crowned king | 114 | |
| 16230320 | Vernacular | the everyday speech of the people (as distinguished from literary language) | 115 | |
| 16230321 | Hundred Years of War | event during which the longbow and cannon were used for the first time | 116 | |
| 16230322 | Battle of Tours | 732, battle that stoppped Muslim invasion | 117 | |
| 16230323 | St. Benedict | A man who developed the monastic way of life in Western Europe | 118 | |
| 16230324 | Battle of Hastings | the decisive battle in which William the Conqueror (duke of Normandy) defeated the Saxons under Harold II (1066) and thus left England open for the Norman Conquest | 119 | |
| 16230325 | Bayeux Tapestry | A piece of linen about 1 Ft.8 in. Wide by 213 ft.long covered with embroidery representing the incidents of Willam the conqueror's expedition to England, preserved in the town museum of Bayeux in Normandy. It is probably of the 11 th century, and is attributed by tradition to Matilda, the conquerors wife. | 120 | |
| 16230326 | Maize | tall annual cereal grass bearing kernels on large ears: widely cultivated in America in many varieties | 121 | |
| 16230327 | Mesoamerica | Mexico and Central America | 122 | |
| 16230328 | Codex | an unbound manuscript of some ancient classic (as distinguished from a scroll) | 123 | |
| 16230329 | Toltec | a people who invaded central Mexico and were ruled by a military class; had a capital city of Tula; influenced the Maya; introduced the working of gold and silver; spread the worship of their god Quetzalcoatl; destroyed in the AD 1100s | 124 | |
| 16230330 | Austronesia | islands of central and South Pacific (Indonesia and Melanesia and Micronesia and Polynesia) | 125 | |
| 16230331 | Griots | professional oral historians; advisors to the kings | 126 | |
| 16230332 | Animism | the doctrine that all natural objects and the universe itself have souls | 127 | |
| 16230333 | Nok | Early West African people who produced iron | 128 | |
| 16230334 | Bantu Migrations | farmers and herders who migrated south and spread language and skills-1000BC - 1000AD, The Bantu expansion was a millenia long series of physical migrations, a diffusion of language and knowledge out into and in from neighboring populations, and a creation of new societal groups involving inter-marriage among communities and small groups moving tocommunities and small groups moving to new areas. Bantu-speakers developed novel methods of agriculture and metalworking which allowed people to colonize new areas with widely varying ecologies in greater densities than hunting and foraging permitted. | 129 | |
| 16230335 | Silk Road | an ancient trade route between China and the Mediterranean (4,000 miles) | 130 |
