Myers exploring psychology Ch 4 9th edition
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| 1040262839 | Developmental Psychology | A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span | 0 | |
| 1040262840 | Zygote | A one-celled organism formed by the union of a sperm and an egg. | 1 | |
| 1040262841 | Embryo | A developing human during the first eight weeks after fertilization has occurred. | 2 | |
| 1040262842 | Fetus | Developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth | 3 | |
| 1040262843 | Teratogens | Agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm. | 4 | |
| 1040262844 | Fetal Alcohol Syndrome | Abnormalities in the child caused by a pregnant woman's heavy drinking. | 5 | |
| 1040262845 | Habituation | Decreasing responsivness with repeated stimulation. As infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to a visual stimulus their intertest wanes and they look away sooner. | 6 | |
| 1040262846 | Maturation | Biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience. | 7 | |
| 1040262847 | Critical Period | An optimal period shortly after birth when an organism's exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development | 8 | |
| 1040262848 | Cognition | All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating. | 9 | |
| 1040262849 | Schema | A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information | 10 | |
| 1040262850 | Assimilation | Interpreting one's new experience in terms of one's existing schemas. | 11 | |
| 1040262851 | Accommodation | Adapting one's current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information. | 12 | |
| 1040262852 | Sensorimotor Stage | In Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to about 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities. By the end of this stage infants gain object permanence. Infants are coordinating their senses and their actions. | 13 | |
| 1040262853 | Object Permanence | The awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived. | 14 | |
| 1040262854 | Preoperational Stage | In Piaget's theory, the stage (from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic. Their thought is intuitive rather than logical (also exhibit centration) and can use symbols. | 15 | |
| 1040262855 | Conservation | Piaget learning concept that is acquired between the ages of 7-11 where a child understands that volume, weight, and mass of an object stays the same even when the shape changes | 16 | |
| 1040262856 | Egocentrism | In Piaget's theory, the preoperational child's difficulty taking another's point of view. | 17 | |
| 1040262857 | Theory of Mind | People's ideas about their own and others' mental states - about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts and the behavior these might predict. | 18 | |
| 1040262858 | Concrete Operational Stage | In Piagets theory, the stage of cognitive development (ages 6 to 7-11) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events. They show logical thinking about concrete situations but have trouble thinking about abstract situations. | 19 | |
| 1040262859 | Formal Operational Stage | In Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12/Adolescence) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts. People also develop identity status depending on their level of exploration and level of commitment. | 20 | |
| 1040262860 | Autism | A disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficient communication, social interaction, and understanding of others' states of mind. | 21 | |
| 1040262861 | Stranger Anxiety | The fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age | 22 | |
| 1040262862 | Attachment | A positive emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation. Forms basis of internal working models. | 23 | |
| 1040262863 | Imprinting | the process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life | 24 | |
| 1040262864 | Temperament | A person's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity | 25 | |
| 1040262865 | Basic Trust | According to Erik Erikson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers. (Trust vs Mistrust) | 26 | |
| 1040262866 | Adolescence | The transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence. | 27 | |
| 1040262867 | Puberty | The period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of producing. | 28 | |
| 1040262868 | Identity | One's sense of self; according to Erikson, the adolescent's task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles. | 29 | |
| 1040262869 | Erikson's Stages | Autonomy vs Shame/Doubt; Initiative vs Guilt; Industry vs Inferiority (in the elementary time/middle childhood) | 30 | |
| 1040262870 | Intimacy | In Erikson's theory, the ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary developmental task in late adolescence and early adulthood | 31 | |
| 1040262871 | Emerging Adulthood | For some people in modern cultures, a period from the late teens to early twenties, bridging the gap between adolescent dependence and full independence and responsible adulthood. Features instability, identity exploration, most self-focused time of life, and taking on responsibilities. Often during college. | 32 | |
| 1040262872 | Menopause | Cessation of ovulation and menstrual cycles and the end of a woman's reproductive capability. | 33 | |
| 1040262873 | Cross Sectional Study | A study in which people of different ages are compared with one another. | 34 | |
| 1040262874 | Longitudinal Study | Research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period | 35 | |
| 1040262875 | Social Clock | The culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement. | 36 | |
| 1040262876 | Teratogen | Agents or conditions that can impair prenatal development and result in birth defects or even death. Includes alcohol, smoking, and most drugs. | 37 | |
| 1040262877 | Germinal Period | The first two weeks of conception. | 38 | |
| 1040262878 | Embryonic Period | Two to eight weeks after conception. | 39 | |
| 1040262879 | Fetal Period | Nine weeks after conception until birth. | 40 | |
| 1040262880 | Infancy | Time of great physical growth and foundations of future relationships. It is from birth to two years. | 41 | |
| 1040262881 | Gross Motor Skills | Physical abilities involving large body movements, such as walking and jumping. | 42 | |
| 1040262882 | Fine Motor Skills | Physical abilities involving small body movements, especially of the hands and fingers, such as drawing and picking up a coin. | 43 | |
| 1040262883 | Critique of Piaget | Infants understand more about objects than we think. | 44 | |
| 1040262884 | Secure Attatchment | A child uses a person with whom they are attached as a secure base. That person's presence gives child the security to explore. They are upset when the person leaves but easily comforted when the person returns. | 45 | |
| 1040262885 | Internal Working Model | The set of assumptions and expectations that we build about others. A child tends to recreate each new relationship in the patter with which he/she is familiar. | 46 | |
| 1043467020 | Insecure Attachment | A child does not have a secure base. The person to whom they are attached will leave and the child will become very upset and when they return the child takes a long time to calm down or remains anxious. | 47 | |
| 1043467021 | Childhood | Around 2-12 years and it is a time of developing logical thought, building sense of self, and learning to relate to others. | 48 | |
| 1043467022 | Centration | This occurs during Piaget's Preoperational Stage of Development; it's when children focus only on one aspect of something. For example when pouring milk from a short wide glass into a tall skinny glass and thinking the tall skinny glass has more. | 49 | |
| 1046219332 | Effortful Control | the ability to control one's behavior and to achieve an outcome | 50 | |
| 1046282116 | Moratorium | According to Piaget, it is a possible identity status during adolescence when a person has low commitment but high levels of exploration. | 51 | |
| 1046282117 | Authoritative Parenting | Style of parenting that gives firm, clear, consistent limits but allow some debate. The most responsive form of parenting. | 52 | |
| 1046282118 | Authoritarian | Style of parenting that is essentially a dictatorship. | 53 | |
| 1047216303 | Dualism | According to Perry, a development of critical thinking. "There is a right and a wrong answer- just tell me what it is." | 54 | |
| 1047216304 | Factors in achieving positive development... | genetics (traits, intelligence), a safe environment with adequate resources, enriching experiences such as education and opportunity to explore, ******** | 55 | |
| 1047216305 | Relativism | According to Perry *********** | 56 | |
| 1047216306 | Commitment | According to Perry ******* | 57 |
