Exploring Psychology in Modules - Myers - Ch. 18, 19, 20, 26
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| 1067085079 | Classical Conditioning | A type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events | 0 | |
| 1067085080 | Operant Conditioning | A type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher. | 1 | |
| 1067085081 | Observational Learning | Learning by observing others. | 2 | |
| 1067085082 | Cognitive Learning | the acquisition of mental information, whether by observing events, by watching others, or through language. | 3 | |
| 1067085083 | Learning | the process of acquiring through experience new and relatively enduring information or behaviors | 4 | |
| 1067085084 | Reinforcement | any event that strengthens the behavior it follows. | 5 | |
| 1067085085 | Positive Reinforcement | Increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli, such as food. A positive reinforcer is any stimulus that, when presented after a response, strengthens the response. | 6 | |
| 1067085086 | Primary Reinforcer | An innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that satisfies a biological need | 7 | |
| 1067085087 | Secondary Reinforcer | Any neutral stimulus that initially has no intrinsic value for an organism but that becomes rewarding when linked with a primary reinforcer..ex: money for food | 8 | |
| 1067085088 | Negative Reinforcement | Increasing behavior by removing or reducing a negative stimuli; , Any stimulus that when removed, increases the response. | 9 | |
| 1067085089 | Delayed Reinforcement | a reward that does not immediately follow an action | 10 | |
| 1067085090 | Delaying Gratification | a skill related to impulse control, enables longer-term goal setting | 11 | |
| 1067085091 | Intermittent Reinforcement | Reinforcing a response only part of the time. greater resistance to extinction | 12 | |
| 1067085092 | Successive Approximation | in the operant-conditioning procedure of shaping, behaviors that are ordered in terms of increasing similarity or closeness to the desired response. | 13 | |
| 1067085093 | Shaping | An operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior | 14 | |
| 1067085094 | Punishment | An event that decreases the behavior that it follows. | 15 | |
| 1067085095 | Negative Punishment | Decreasing behavior by stopping or reducing positive stimuli. (Subtracting something good) | 16 | |
| 1067085096 | Physical Punishment | Models aggression and control as a method of dealing with problems | 17 | |
| 1067085097 | Vicarious Conditioning | A form of learning in which the learner acquires a conditioned response merely by observing another participant being conditioned | 18 | |
| 1067085098 | Modeling | The process of observing and imitating a specific behavior. | 19 | |
| 1067085099 | Mirror Neurons | Frontal lobe neurons that fire when performing certain actions or when observing another doing so. | 20 | |
| 1067085100 | Savant Syndrome | A condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill | 21 | |
| 1067085101 | Achievement Test | A test designed to assess what a person has learned | 22 | |
| 1067085102 | Aptitude Test | A test designed to predict a person's future performance | 23 | |
| 1067085103 | Stanford-Binet | the widely used American revision of Binet's original intelligence test | 24 | |
| 1067085104 | WAIS | (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale) Verbal & performance scores. Most widely used intelligence test today | 25 | |
| 1067085105 | Normal Curve | the bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes. Most scores fall near the average, and fewer and fewer scores lie near the extremes. | 26 | |
| 1067085106 | Reliability | The extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, or on retesting. | 27 | |
| 1067085107 | Intellectual Disability | (formerly referred to as mental retardation) a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below | 28 | |
| 1067085108 | Down Syndrome | A condition of retardation and associated physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21. | 29 | |
| 1067085109 | Fluid Intelligence | One's ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood | 30 | |
| 1067085110 | Crystallized Intelligence | One's accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age | 31 | |
| 1067085111 | Continuous Reinforement | Reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs | 32 | |
| 1067085112 | Fixed-Ratio Schedule | a partial reinforcement schedule that provides reinforcement following a fixed number of responses. | 33 | |
| 1067085113 | Variable-Ratio Schedule | reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses | 34 | |
| 1067085114 | Fixed-Interval Schedule | a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed | 35 | |
| 1067085115 | Variable-Interval Schedule | In operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals | 36 | |
| 1067097219 | Neutral Stimulus | in classical conditioning, a stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning. | 37 | |
| 1067097220 | Unconditioned Stimulus | in classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally—naturally and automatically—triggers a response. | 38 | |
| 1067097221 | Unconditioned Response | In classical conditioning, the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus (US), such as salivation when food is in the mouth. | 39 | |
| 1067097222 | Conditioned Response | In classical conditioning, the learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus (CS). | 40 | |
| 1067097223 | Conditioned Stimulus | In classical conditioning, an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response | 41 | |
| 1067105323 | Acquisition | links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response. In operant conditioning, the strengthening of a reinforced response. | 42 | |
| 1067105324 | Extinction | the diminishing of a conditioned response; occurs in classical conditioning when an unconditioned stimulus does not follow a conditioned stimulus | 43 | |
| 1067105325 | Generalization | In classical conditioning, the tendency to make a conditioned response to a stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus. | 44 | |
| 1067105326 | Discrimination | In classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus. | 45 | |
| 1067105327 | Spontaneous Recovery | The reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response. | 46 |
