Tulane, Psych, 1010, Fabian, Midterm, Vocab
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| 712782955 | Emotions | A mix of bodily arousal, expressive behaviors and conscious experience. | |
| 712782956 | James-Lange Theory | The theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli. | |
| 712782957 | Cannon-Bard Theory | The theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers physiological responses and the subjective experience of emotion. | |
| 712782958 | Two-Factor Theory | The Schachter-Singer theory that to experience emotion one must be physically aroused and cognitively label the arousal. | |
| 712782959 | The Theories of Zajonc, LeDoux and Lazarus | The theory that some emotions are processed without conscious thought. (Especially those like fears, likes, and dislikes). | |
| 725605177 | "High Road" | Requires conscious thought to process. Here a stimulus travels by way of the thalamus to the cortex, where it is analyzed and labeled before a response is sent out. | |
| 725605178 | "Low Road" | Emotional responses without conscious thought. Here the fearful stimulus travels from the eye or ear straight to the amygdala, and provides a lightning fast response. | |
| 725605179 | Facial Feedback Response | The tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness. | |
| 725605180 | Catharsis | Emotional release. In psychology, the catharsis hypothesis maintains that "releasing" aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges. | |
| 725605181 | Feel Good Do Good Phenomenon | People's tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood. | |
| 725605182 | Adaptation-Level Phenomenon | Our tendency to form judgements (of sounds, lights, of income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience. | |
| 725605183 | Relative Deprivation | The perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself. | |
| 725605184 | Health Psychology | A subfield of psychology that provides psychology's contribution to behavioral medicine. | |
| 725605185 | Stress | The process by which we perceive and respond to certain events called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging. | |
| 725605186 | General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) | Selye's concept of the body's adaptive response to stress in three phases - alarm, resistance, exhaustion. | |
| 729660127 | Psychoneuroimmunology | The study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health. | |
| 729660128 | Coronary Heart Disease | The clogging of the vessesl that nourish the heart muscle; the leading cause of death in many developed countries. | |
| 729660129 | Type A Personality | Friedman and Rosenman's term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people. | |
| 729660130 | Type B Personality | Friedman and Rosenman's term for easygoing, relaxed people. | |
| 729660131 | Coping | Alleviating stress using emotional, cognitive, or behavioral methods. | |
| 729660132 | Problem-Focused Coping | Attempting to alleviate stress directly - by changing the stressor or the way we interact with that stressor. | |
| 729660133 | Emotion-Focused Coping | Attempting to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to one's stress reaction. | |
| 729660134 | Aerobic Exercise | Sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness; may also alleviate depression and anxiety. | |
| 729660135 | Personality | A person's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting. | |
| 729660136 | Psychodynamic Theories | View personality with a focus on the unconscious and the importance of childhood experiences. | |
| 729660137 | Free Association | In psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing. | |
| 729660138 | Psychoanalysis | Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions. | |
| 729660139 | Unconscious | According to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories. According to contemporary psychologists, information processing of which we are unaware. | |
| 729660140 | id | A reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. The id operates on the "pleasure principle", demanding immediate gratification. | |
| 729660141 | Ego | The largely conscious, "executive" part of personality that, according to Freud, mediates among the demands of the id, superego and reality. The ego operates on the "reality principle", satisfying the id's desires in ways that realistically bring pleasure rather than pain. | |
| 729660142 | Superego | The part of personality that, according to Freud, represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgement (the consciousness) and for future aspirations. | |
| 729660143 | Psychosexual Stages | The childhood stages of development, (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital) during which, according to Freud, the id's pleasure seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones. | |
| 729660144 | Oedipus Complex | According to Freud, a boy's sexual desires towards his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father. | |
| 729660145 | Identification | The process by which, according to Freud, children incorporate their parents' values into their developing superegos. | |
| 729660146 | Fixation | According to Freud, a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved. | |
| 729660147 | Defense Mechanisms | In psychoanalytic theory, the ego's protective methods for reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality. | |
| 729660148 | Regression | In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness. | |
| 729709926 | Projective Test | A personality test, such as the Rorschach, that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of one's inner dynamics. | |
| 729709927 | Rorschach Inkblot Test | The most widely used projective test, a set of 10 inkblots, designed by Hermann Rorschach; seeks to identify people's inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots. | |
| 729709928 | Humanistic Theories | View personality with a focus on the potential for health personal growth. | |
| 729709929 | Carl Rodger's Person Centered Perspective (3) | Each person is primed for growth and fulfillment granted that they are exposed to Genuineness, Acceptance (Unconditional Positive Regard), and Empathy. | |
| 729709930 | Self-Actualization | According to Abraham Marslow, one of the ultimate psychological needs that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill ones's potential. | |
| 729709931 | Unconditional Positive Regard | According to Rodgers, an attitude of total acceptance towards another person. | |
| 729709932 | Self-concept | All our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question, "Who am I?" | |
| 749698122 | Trait | A characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act, as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports. | |
| 749698123 | Personal Control | The extent to which we perceive control over our environment. | |
| 749698124 | External Locus of Control | The perceptions that chance or outside forces beyond our personal control determine our fate. | |
| 749698125 | Reciprocal Determinism | The interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and environment. | |
| 749698126 | Internal Locus of Control | The perception that you control your own fate. | |
| 749698127 | Self-Control | The ability to control impulses and delay short-term gratification for long-term rewards. | |
| 749698128 | Learned Helplessness | The hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events. | |
| 749698129 | Social Psychology | The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another. | |
| 749698130 | Attribution Theory | The theory that we explain someone's behavior by either the situation or the person's disposition. | |
| 749698131 | Fundamental Attribution Error | The tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition. | |
| 749698132 | Attitude | feelings, often influenced by our beleifs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events. | |
| 749698133 | Foot-In-The-Door Phenomenon | The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request. | |
| 749729469 | Cognitive Dissonance Theory | The theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognition) are inconsistent. For example, when we become aware that our attitudes and our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting dissonance by changing our attitudes. | |
| 749729470 | Conformity | Adjusting our behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard. | |
| 749729471 | Social Facilitation | Stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others. | |
| 749729472 | Social Loafing | The tendency for people in a group to exert less force when pooling their efforts toward | |
| 752636294 | Deindividuation | The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity. | |
| 752636295 | Group Polarization | The enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group. | |
| 752636296 | Groupthink | The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony is a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives. | |
| 752636297 | Prejudice | An unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members. Prejudice generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action. | |
| 752636298 | Stereotype | a generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people. | |
| 752636299 | Discrimination | Unjustifiable negative behavior tower a group and its members. | |
| 752636300 | Just-World Phenomenon | The tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get. | |
| 752636301 | Ingroup | "Us" - people with whom we share a common identity. | |
| 752636302 | Outgroup | "Them" - those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup. | |
| 752636303 | Ingroup Bias | The tendency to favor our own group. | |
| 752636304 | Other-Race Effect | The tendency to recall faces of one's won race more accurately than faces of other races. Also called the cross-race effect and the own-race bias. | |
| 752636305 | Aggression | Any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy. | |
| 752636306 | Passionate Love | An aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship. | |
| 752636307 | Companionate Love | The deep affectionate achievement we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined. | |
| 752636308 | Equity | A condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it. | |
| 752636309 | Self-Disclosure | Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others. | |
| 752636310 | Bystander Effect | The tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present. | |
| 752636311 | Psychological Disorder | Deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional patterns of thoughts, feelings, or behaviors. | |
| 752636312 | Medical Model | The concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have pyhsical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital. | |
| 752636313 | DSM-IV-TR | The American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of MEntal Disorders, Fourth Edition, with an updated "text revision"; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders. | |
| 752636314 | Anxiety Disorders | Psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety. | |
| 752636315 | Generalized Anxiety Disorders | An anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal. | |
| 752636316 | Panic Disorder | An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanied chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations. | |
| 752636317 | Phobia | An anxiety disorder marked by persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation. | |
| 752636318 | Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder | An anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions) | |
| 752636319 | Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder | An anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience. | |
| 752636320 | Mood Disorders | Psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes. | |
| 752636321 | Major Depressive Disorder | A mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or another medical condition, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods or diminished interest or pleasure in most activities, along with at least four other symptoms. | |
| 752636322 | Mania | A mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state. | |
| 752636323 | Bipolar Disorder | A mood disorder in which a person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania. (Formerly called manic-depressive disorder) | |
| 752636324 | Schizophrenia | A group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and behaviors. | |
| 752636325 | Psychosis | A psychological disorder in which a person loses contact with reality, experiencing irrational ideas and distorted perceptions. | |
| 752636326 | Delusions | False beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders. | |
| 752636327 | Dissociative Disorders | Disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings. | |
| 752636328 | Dissociative Identity Disorder | A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Formerly called multiple personality disorder. | |
| 752636329 | Anorexia Nervosa | An eating disorder in which a person 9usually an adolescent female) maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly (15 percent or more) underweight. | |
| 752636330 | Bulimia Nervosa | An eating disorder in which a person alternates binge eating (usually of high calorie foods) with purging (by vomiting or laxative use) or fasting. | |
| 752636331 | Binge-Eating Disorder | Significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging or fasting that marks bulimia nervosa. | |
| 752636332 | Personality Disorders | Psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior behavior patterns that impair social functioning. | |
| 752636333 | Antisocial Personality Disorder | A personality disorder in which a person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist. |
