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| 4336502636 | Homer | ancient Greek epic poet who is believed to have written the Iliad and the Odyssey |  | 0 |
| 4336502637 | Aesop | Greek author of fables |  | 1 |
| 4336502638 | Sophocles | Greek writer of tragedies |  | 2 |
| 4336502639 | Euripides | Wrote many famous Greek tragedies |  | 3 |
| 4336502640 | Pythagoras | Greek philosopher and mathematician who proved the Pythagorean theorem |  | 4 |
| 4336502641 | Socrates | Greek philosopher; socratic method--questioning; sentenced to death for corrupting Athens youth |  | 5 |
| 4336502642 | Plato | Student of Socrates, wrote The Republic about the perfectly governed society; established the Academy |  | 6 |
| 4336502643 | Aristotle | Greek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of Alexander the Great |  | 7 |
| 4336502644 | Herodotus | the ancient greek known as the father of history |  | 8 |
| 4336502645 | Philip II | king of ancient Macedonia and father of Alexander the Great |  | 9 |
| 4336502646 | Alexander the Great | son of Philip II; was a student of Aristotle; great leader; conquered much land in Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt, and Mesopotamia; goal was to conquer the known world |  | 10 |
| 4336502647 | Eratosthenes | Greek mathematician and astronomer who estimated the circumference of the earth and the distances to the moon and sun |  | 11 |
| 4336502648 | Archimedes | A great Greek mathematician and physicist who explained the principle of the lever and other inventions. |  | 12 |
| 4336502649 | Aryans | nomads from Europe and Asia who migrated to India and conquered the Dravidians; created caste system to control them |  | 13 |
| 4336502650 | Dravidians | dark-skinned inhabitants of central India prior to Aryan arrival |  | 14 |
| 4336502651 | Brahmans | Priest class of Aryans who were considered at the top of the social scale |  | 15 |
| 4336502652 | Siddartha Gautama | founder of buddahism |  | 16 |
| 4336502653 | Dalai Lama | chief lama and once ruler of Tibet |  | 17 |
| 4336502654 | Asoka | The greatest Maurya king, responsible for helping spread Buddhism throughout Asia |  | 18 |
| 4336502655 | Confucius | Chinese philosopher who taught respect for parents |  | 19 |
| 4336502656 | Laozi | founder of Daoism |  | 20 |
| 4336502657 | Hanfeizi | founder of legalism and believed that harsh punishments were the only way to control people |  | 21 |
| 4336502658 | Qin Shihuangdi | QIN EMPEROR WHO BUILT ROADS, A HUGE CANAL, AND THE GREAT WALL; BASED HIS RULE ON THE IDEAS OF LEGALISM |  | 22 |
| 4336502659 | Hannibal | general who commanded the Carthaginian army in the second Punic War |  | 23 |
| 4336502660 | Scipio | Roman general who commanded the invasion of Carthage in the second Punic War and defeated Hannibal at Zama (circa 237-183 BC) |  | 24 |
| 4336502661 | Julius Caesar | Roman general and dictator. He was murdered by a group of senators |  | 25 |
| 4336502662 | Octavian | Formed Second Triumvirate in 43BC with Antony and Lepidus after Caesar's death,reduced power of the Senate, began a period known as Pax Romana or Roman Peace |  | 26 |
| 4336502663 | Marc Antony | One of Caesar's generals, Falls in love with Cleopatra, He and Cleopatra declare war on Rome in 31 BC which they lose, member of second triumvirate. |  | 27 |
| 4336502664 | Augustus | First emperor of the Roman Empire. Reign brings Pax Romana |  | 28 |
| 4336502665 | Caligula | A cruel and insane ruler of the Roman Empire |  | 29 |
| 4336502666 | Nero | An emperor of immense cruelty, psychological sickness, and paranoia. |  | 30 |
| 4336502667 | Hadrian | "Romanized"and organized the empire- built bridges, roads, and aqueducts, ruled during the height of the Pax Romana, Built Hadrians Wall across Britain, strengthened borders |  | 31 |
| 4336502668 | Trajan | One of the "Good Emperors"; brought Rome to it's greatest size |  | 32 |
| 4336502669 | Marcus Aurelius | Last of the "Good Emperors", end of the Pax Romana |  | 33 |
| 4336502670 | Ptolemy | ancient scientist who said earth was the center of the universe |  | 34 |
| 4336502671 | Spartacus | a gladiator who lead a slave revolt against the Roman Empire |  | 35 |
| 4336502672 | Diocletian | Roman emperor who was faced with military problems, when that happend he decided to divide the empire between himself in the east and Maximian in the west |  | 36 |
| 4336502673 | Constantine | Emperor of Rome who adopted the Christian faith and stopped the persecution of Christians |  | 37 |
| 4336502674 | Alaric | Visigoth leader; he and his soldiers captured Rome |  | 38 |
| 4336502675 | Vandals | One of a group of Germanic tribes who invaded and destroyed territory in the Roman empire. |  | 39 |
| 4336502676 | Odoacer | The Osrogoth general who sacked Rome |  | 40 |
| 4336502677 | Justinian | one of the greatest Byzantine emperors | 41 | |
| 4336510333 | Hammurabi | Amorite ruler of Babylon (r. 1792-1750 B.C.E.). He conquered many city-states in southern and northern Mesopotamia and is best known for a code of laws, inscribed on a black stone pillar, illustrating the principles to be used in legal cases. |  | 42 |
| 4336519129 | Hatshepsut | Queen of Egypt (1473-1458 B.C.E.). Dispatched a naval expedition down the Red Sea to Punt (possibly Somalia), the faraway source of myrrh. There is evidence of opposition to a woman as ruler, and after her death her name was frequently expunged. |  | 43 |
| 4336525512 | Moses | biblical leader, lawgiver, and prophet who is believed to be the author of the Torah |  | 44 |
| 4336536011 | Ramses the Great | the third Egyptian pharaoh of the Nineteenth dynasty; came to power in 1200s BCE; one of the longest reigns in Egyptian history; signed peace treaty with Hittites after long war where no one could defeat the other |  | 45 |
| 4336546357 | Pericles | Athenian leader noted for advancing democracy in Athens and for ordering the construction of the Parthenon. |  | 46 |
| 4336560852 | Euclid | (circa 300 BCE), Greek mathematician. Considered to be the father of modern geomertry. |  | 47 |
| 4336563980 | Hippocrates | "Founder of Medicine" During the Golden Age in Greece he was a scientist that believed all diseases came from natural causes. He also had high ideals for physicians & an oath was made that is still used today. |  | 48 |
| 4336571491 | Charlemagne | 800 AD crowned by the Pope as the head of the Holy Roman Empire, which extended from northern Spain to western Germany and northern Italy. His palace was at Aachen in central Europe |  | 49 |
| 4336576630 | Napoleon | French military and political leader, a soldier who became Emperor of a new French Empire, shaping 19th century European politics |  | 50 |
| 4336581328 | Sundiata | the founder of Mali empire. He crushed his enemies and won control of the gold trade routes |  | 51 |
| 4336587917 | Mansa Musa | 10th emperor of the Mali Kingdom, first African king to make the hajj and leader in promoting Islamic scholarship in Africa |  | 52 |
| 4336592464 | Marco Polo | Venetian trader and explorer known as one of the first Westerners to travel the Silk Road and meet Kublai Khan |  | 53 |
| 4336595636 | Ibn Battuta | Muslim scholar and explorer who traveled for almost 30 years through parts of Northern and Western Africa, Europe, Eastern Europe, India, Central & Southeast Asia and China |  | 54 |
| 4336599647 | Prince Shotoku | Japanese regent and politician who laid the groundwork for a centralized government, proponent of Buddhism leading to a time of great art and culture |  | 55 |
| 4336602903 | Lady Murasaki | Japanese novelist, poet, and maid of the Imperial Court, known as writer of the The Tale of Genji, one of the earliest novels in human history |  | 56 |
| 4336606182 | Joan of Arc | French national heroine and a Catholic saint, a peasant girl who led the French Army to several victories during the Hundred Years War |  | 57 |
| 4336610850 | Elizabeth I | (1533-1603) Queen of England and Ireland between 1558 and 1603. She was an absolute monarch and is considered to be one of the most successful rulers of all time. |  | 58 |
| 4336617036 | St. Francis of Assisi | Friar and founder of the Franciscan order, known as patron saint of Italy and animals, challenged Muslim scholars to a "trial by fire" of the power of God during the Crusades |  | 59 |
| 4336620791 | St. Thomas Aquinas | a priest of the Roman Catholic Church who is known as a great philosopher and theologian, it is believed that his ideas of theology were immensely influential in modern Western philosophy |  | 60 |
| 4336625352 | Dante | "Father of the Italian language", he was the writer of The Divine Comedies which is considered one of the greatest literary works composed in Italian |  | 61 |
| 4336631323 | Chaucer | an English poet and writer of The Canterbury Tales, one of the proponents of the use of vernacular English in writing and called "Father of English Literature" |  | 62 |
| 4336635019 | Machiavelli | Renaissance writer; formerly a politician, wrote The Prince, a work on ethics and government, describing how rulers maintain power by methods that ignore right or wrong; accepted the philosophy that "the end justifies the means." |  | 63 |
| 4336638680 | Thomas More | an English statesman and Renaissance humanist who coined the word "utopia", he was beheaded for refusing to acknowledge Henry VIII as the head of the Church of England |  | 64 |
| 4336644026 | Shakespeare | an English poet and playwright who is considered one of the Greatest Writers of the English language, his plays have been translated into every living language and have been performed more than any other writer |  | 65 |
| 4336647917 | Elvis Presley | called the "King of Rock and Roll", a cultural icon, he is considered one of the most influential music artists in history, his music was best-selling in its time and continues to sell today |  | 66 |
| 4336654283 | Genghis Khan | founder of the largest empire in history, head of the Mongols |  | 67 |
| 4336657545 | Zheng He | Chinese explorer and diplomat whose voyages spanned between the years of 1405 - 1433, some historians believe him to be the first world explorer |  | 68 |
| 4336660741 | Magellan | Portuguese explorer, who is credited with manning the first expedition to circumnavigate the globe |  | 69 |
| 4336662363 | Francis Drake | English sea captain, explorer and privateer, he was second in command during the Spanish Armada and was hailed as an English hero for sailing around the world |  | 70 |
| 4336669267 | Isaac Newton | English physicist and mathematician whose book, Philosophae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, is considered the most influential book in the history of Science, credited with the discovery of gravity and co-founder of calculus |  | 71 |
| 4336672551 | Francis Bacon | English philosopher, statesman, lawyer and scientist, known for establishing the scientific method still in use today |  | 72 |
| 4336675262 | Catherine the Great | Russian empress who continued westernization, improved administration, and expanded the empire making Russia a power in Europe |  | 73 |
| 4336678263 | Peter the Great | Russian tsar and predecessor to Catherine known for initial Westernization and expansion of Russia making Russia an Eastern European power to be reckoned with |  | 74 |
| 4336682101 | Louis XIV | King of France, known as the "Sun King", an absolute monarch who built the lavish palace of Versailles and set the standard for monarchical power |  | 75 |
| 4336684941 | Louis XVI | King of France during the French Revolution, married to Marie Antoinette, was tried and convicted of treason and executed by the guillotine |  | 76 |
| 4336690280 | John Locke | English philosopher, and Enlightenment thinker whose ideas were reflected in the American Declaration of Independence |  | 77 |
| 4336693290 | Rousseau | French philosopher who influenced both political and educational thought, influential during the French Revolution |  | 78 |
| 4336695071 | Lenin | Russian revolutionary, leader during the October Revolution and first leader of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics |  | 79 |
| 4336697663 | Stalin | leader of the USSR following Lenin, launched new economic plans, allied power during WWII, formed the Eastern bloc, began the Cold War |  | 80 |
| 4350635804 | Franklin D. Roosevelt | President of the US during Great Depression and World War II |  | 81 |
| 4350640134 | Winston Churchill | British Prime Minister during WWII |  | 82 |
| 4350643111 | Adolf Hitler | Austrian-born founder of the German Nazi Party and chancellor of the Third Reich (1933-1945). His fascist philosophy, embodied in Mein Kampf (1925-1927), attracted widespread support, and after 1934 he ruled as an absolute dictator. His pursuit of aggressive nationalist policies resulted in the invasion of Poland (1939) and the subsequent outbreak of World War II. His regime was infamous for the extermination of millions of people, especially European Jews. He committed suicide when the collapse of the Third Reich was imminent (1945). |  | 83 |
| 4350647744 | Benito Mussolini | Leader of the Fascist Party in Italy. He took control of Italy in 1924-calling himself Il Duce (the leader). He turned Italy into a fascist state. |  | 84 |
| 4350652425 | Mao Zedong | 1893-1976. Chinese military and political leader who led the Communist Party of China to victory against the Kuomintang in the Chinese Civil War. Leader of the People's Republic of China from establishment in 1949 till death in 1976. Heralded as an influential leader who transformed China into world power. Programs led to large unnecessary loss of life and damage to the culture, society, economy, and foreign relations. |  | 85 |
| 4350655759 | Gandhi | Indian nationalist and spiritual leader who developed the practice of nonviolent disobedience that forced Great Britain to grant independence to India (1947). He was assassinated by a Hindu fanatic. |  | 86 |
| 4350660953 | Attaturk | Who was the founder of Turkey, the successor state to the Ottoman Empire? Nicknamed "Father of the Turks", he founded the country on strictly secular principles. |  | 87 |
| 4350669505 | Nasser | Egyptian committed to opposing Israel and no imperialism (aids Algeria against the French, abolishes British rights to the Suez Canal). Takes control in bloodless coup. Advocates neutralism (believes, like Indian Nehru, that the cold war is imperialism); condemns alliances like the Baghdad pact between Turkey, Iraq and Iran, but extracts pledges of support. He nationalized the Suez, using the money to build a Nile River dam at Aswan, but was defeated by the British, French, and Israelis, angering the US. |  | 88 |
| 4350681340 | Jomo Kenyatta | Leader in the independence movement for Kenya. He was the first Prime Minister and then the first President of Kenya. |  | 89 |
| 4350686105 | Nelson Mandela | Born 1918. 11th President of South Africa. Spent 27 years in prison after conviction of charges while he helped spearhead the stuggle against apartheid. Received Nobel Peace Prize in 1993. |  | 90 |
| 4350688896 | Helen Keller | The first deaf and blind person in the United States to ear a college degree, she campaigned for mangy liberal causes including women's suffrage, labor rights, and socialism |  | 91 |
| 4350691726 | Mother Theresa | Roman Catholic missionary who became a nun, and devoted herself to helping destitute. She was noted for working among the poor and dying in Calcutta and awarded the nobel prize. * Model of saintly compassion. |  | 92 |
| 4350694387 | Lech Walesa | A Polish politician, a former trade union and human rights activist, and also a former electrician. He co-founded Solidarity, the Soviet bloc's first independent trade union, won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1983, and served as President of Poland from 1990 to 1995. |  | 93 |
| 4350697873 | Mikhail Gorbachev | Head of the Soviet Union from 1985-1991. His liberalization effort improved relations with the West, but he lost power after his reforms led to the collapse of communist governments in eastern Europe. |  | 94 |
| 4350702985 | Deng Xiaoping | Opened China to foreign, capitalist values |  | 95 |
| 4350708101 | Ronald Reagan | He took office in 1981 with the belief that the Soviet Union was the focus of evil in the world. He had a tough anticommunist stand, and he wanted to deal with the Soviets from a position of strength, so he persuaded the Congress to increase military spending by more than $100 billion during his first five years in office. |  | 96 |
| 4350713779 | Barack Obama | He was elected as the first African American president in the 2008 election. |  | 97 |
