The Federalist/Jeffersonian Eras.
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| 948623608 | precedent | a tradition | |
| 948623609 | cabinet | a group of advisers to the president | |
| 948623610 | national debt | the amount of money a national government owes to other countries or its people | |
| 948623611 | bond | a notes issued by the government, which promises to pay off a loan with interest. | |
| 948623612 | unconstitutional | not agreeing or consistent with the Constitution | |
| 948623613 | tariff | a tax on imports or exports | |
| 948623614 | alien | an immigrant living in a country in which he or she is not a citizen | |
| 948623615 | sedition | activities aimed at weakening established government | |
| 948623616 | state's right | rights and powers independent of the federal government that are reserved for the state by the Constitution; the belief that states' rights supersede federal rights and law | |
| 948623617 | nullify | to cancel or make ineffective | |
| 948623618 | laissez-faire | policy that government should interfere as little as possible in the nation's economy | |
| 948623619 | secede | to leave or withdraw | |
| 948623620 | custom duties | taxes on foreign imported goods | |
| 948623621 | judicial review | the right of the Supreme Court to determine if a law violates the Constitution | |
| 948623622 | impressment | forcing people into service, as in the navy | |
| 948623623 | embargo | an order prohibiting trade with another country | |
| 948623624 | Judicial Act of 1789 | The law that established the federal court system | |
| 948623625 | Whiskey Rebellion | a protest caused by tax on liquor; it tested the will of the government, Washington's quick response showed the government's strength and mercy | |
| 948623626 | XYZ Affair | a 1797 French attempt to bribe the United States by demanding money before discussing French seizure of neutral American ships | |
| 948623627 | Alien and Sedition Acts | the alien act allowed the exportation of any alien believed to be a threat to national security and during times of war; sedition act made it a criminal offense to plot against the government -oppressed people's first amendment rights | |
| 948623628 | Marbury v. Madison | established concept of judicial review, first time supreme court declared something 'unconstitutional' | |
| 948623629 | Louisiana Purchase | The U.S., under Jefferson, bought the Louisiana territory from France, under the rule of Napoleon, in 1803. The U.S. paid $15 million for the Louisiana Purchase, and Napoleon gave up his empire in North America. The U.S. gained control of Mississippi trade route and doubled its size. | |
| 948623630 | Embargo Act | signed by Thomas Jefferson in 1807 - stop export of all American goods and American ships from sailing for foreign ports | |
| 948623631 | George Washington | 1st President of the United States, Federalist | |
| 948623632 | John Adams | 2nd President of the United States, Federalist | |
| 948623633 | Thomas Jefferson | Secretary of the State Department under President Washington; Vice President under President Adams; 3rd President of the United States, Democratic-Republicans (called a Republican in text) | |
| 948623634 | Alexander Hamilton | 1789-1795; First Secretary of the Treasury. He advocated creation of a national bank, assumption of state debts by the federal government, and a tariff system to pay off the national debt. | |
| 948623635 | John Jay | United States diplomat and jurist who negotiated peace treaties with Britain and served as the first chief justice of the United States Supreme Court (1745-1829) | |
| 948623636 | Aaron Burr | served as the 3rd Vice President of the United States. Member of the Republicans and President of the Senate during his Vice Presidency. He was defamed by the press, often by writings of Hamilton. Challenged Hamilton to a duel in 1804 and killed him. | |
| 948623637 | Meriwether Lewis | an American explorer, soldier, and public administrator, best known for his role as the leader of the Lewis and Clark Expedition | |
| 948623638 | William Clark | an American explorer, soldier, Indian agent, and territorial governor, best known for his role as the leader of the Lewis and Clark Expedition |
