Animal Reproduction
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| 1197845172 | isthmus | section of the oviduct closest to the uterus characterized by a smaller diameter lumen and a relatively larger circular muscular layer | 1 | |
| 1197845173 | perimetrium | outer serous layer of the uterus continuous with peritoneum that blocks adhesions | 2 | |
| 1197845174 | caslicks procedure | surgical procedure to close the upper portions of the vulva in the mare | 3 | |
| 1197845175 | caruncle | a "button-like" structure on the uterine epithelium which forms the maternal side of the placentome in ruminants | 4 | |
| 1197845176 | vulva-vaginal sphincter muscle | restricts to prevent urine backflow into the reproductive tract of the cow | 5 | |
| 1197845177 | uterus | the tissue organ that connects the cervix to the oviducts that houses the fetus during gestation | 6 | |
| 1198421964 | cervical os | opening of cervix | 7 | |
| 1198421965 | infundibulum | the funnel-shaped structure at the end of the oviduct aiding in ovum pickup | 8 | |
| 1198421966 | cortex and medulla | anatomical regions are inverted in the ovary of the mare compared to the cow | 9 | |
| 1198421967 | uterotubal junction | where uterine horn meets the oviduct and functions to prevent polyspermy by restricting the number of spermatozoa entering the oviduct | 10 | |
| 1198421968 | mesovarium | the portion of the suspensory broad ligament supporting the ovary | 11 | |
| 1198421969 | interdigitating pads | cartilage-like structures found in the cervix of the sow | 12 | |
| 1198421970 | luteolytic | a material that promotes luteolysis | 13 | |
| 1198421971 | pheromone | airborne chemical message (odors) which attracts male or female | 14 | |
| 1198421972 | ampullary isthmic junction | site of fertilization in the female reproductive tract | 15 | |
| 1198421973 | longitudinal folds | cervical structures of the mare | 16 | |
| 1198421974 | graafian | refers to a large fluid filled dominant preovulatory follicle | 17 | |
| 1198421975 | ovulation fossa | ovulation can only occur at this point on the ovary in the mare | 18 | |
| 1198421976 | middle uterine artery | enlarges during middle and late pregnancy and can be palpated as an aid in pregnancy detection in cows and mares | 19 | |
| 1198421977 | suburethral diverticulum | the blind pouch located just beneath the urethral opening | 20 | |
| 1198421978 | corpus hemorrhagicum | collapsed follicle which contains blood, lymph, granulosa and theca cells | 21 | |
| 1198421979 | corpus albicans | regressed or degenerate corpus luteum | 22 | |
| 1198421980 | progesterone | the steroid hormone required for the maintenance of pregnancy | 23 | |
| 1198421981 | fornix vagina | that portion of the vagina that forms a "crypt" or "blind pocket" adjacent to the cervical os | 24 | |
| 1198421982 | luteinization | the process by which granulosa and theca cells are transformed into luteal cells | 25 | |
| 1198421983 | endometrium | the layer of the uterus that produces prostaglandin F2 alpha to kill the corpus luteum | 26 | |
| 1198421984 | luteolysis | the process whereby luteal tissue undergoes regression | 27 | |
| 1198421985 | annular rings | cartilage-like structures found in the cervix of the cow | 28 | |
| 1198421986 | aromatase | the enzyme that converts testosterone to estrogen | 29 | |
| 1198421987 | cervix | the sphincter controlling access between the uterus and the vagina which produces mucus during estrus | 30 | |
| 1198421988 | corpus luteum | structure on the ovary that produces progesterone | 31 | |
| 1198421989 | fimbria | fringe-like projections on the infundibulum which aid the pickup of the oocyte | 32 | |
| 1198421990 | vestibule | the anatomical region common to both the urinary and reproductive tract in the female which contains glands to produce pheromones | 33 | |
| 1198421991 | ampulla | the section of the oviduct closest to the ovary characterized by a larger lumen area and a relatively smaller muscular layer | 34 | |
| 1198421992 | vagina | female copulatory organ | 35 | |
| 1198421993 | granulosa | these cells line the antral follicle and contain receptors for both LH and FSH and convert testosterone to estrogen | 36 | |
| 1198421994 | zona pellucida | a thick translucent mucoprotein surrounding the oocyte and early embryo | 37 | |
| 1198421995 | vulva | the external opening of the female reproductive tract which consists of 2 labia | 38 | |
| 1198421996 | primary follicle | contains the oocyte which is surrounded by a single layer of cuboidal cells | 39 | |
| 1198421997 | transurethral fold | the structure in the vagina of the mare that blocks and prevents the blackflow of urine into the reproductive tract | 40 | |
| 1198421998 | estrogen | the steroid hormone produced by a large graafian follicle | 41 | |
| 1198421999 | primary | stage of oocyte development in a graafian follicle before ovulation | 42 | |
| 1198422000 | estrous | the adjective used to describe the phenomena associated with the period between standing heats | 43 | |
| 1198422001 | ovarian artery | supplies blood to the ovaries, oviducts and the upper portion of uterine horn | 44 | |
| 1198422002 | estrus | a term describing the period of sexual receptivity in the female | 45 | |
| 1198422003 | myometrium | the middle (circular and longitudinal) muscular layer of the uterus | 46 | |
| 1198422004 | mesotubarium superious | portion of the suspensory broad ligament that supports the infundibulum | 47 | |
| 1198422005 | mesosalpinx | portion of the suspensory broad ligament that supports the oviduct | 48 | |
| 1198422006 | mesometrium | portion of the suspensory broad ligament that supports the uterus | 49 | |
| 1198422007 | hypogastric artery | supplies blood to the cervix, vagina, and vulva regions of the female reproductive tract | 50 | |
| 1245393603 | cortex | contains germs cells | 51 | |
| 1245393604 | medulla | central part of the ovary that contains connective tissue, blood vessels, lymphatic, and nerves | 52 | |
| 1245393605 | germinal epithelium | continuous with peritoneal lining, contains single layer of cuboidal cells, prevents adhesions, does not produce germ cells, and breaks at ovulation | 53 | |
| 1245393606 | tunica albuginea | dense white connective tissue layer which provides structure to ovary | 54 | |
| 1245393607 | secondary follicle | surrounded by several layers of granulosa cells with no antrum (or fluid filled cavity) | 55 | |
| 1245393608 | tertiary/antral/graafian follicle | this follicle forms a fluid filled cavity and there is a differentiation of several distinct cell layers in the follicle wall | 56 | |
| 1245393609 | secondary oocyte | occurs after ovulation and contains a polar body | 57 | |
| 1245393610 | ootid | the oocyte after the 1st meiotic division in which the polar body is present | 58 | |
| 1245393611 | large luteal cells | come from granulosa cells, no LH receptor, contains Prostaglandin F2 alpha, produces oxytocin, and produces progesterone | 59 | |
| 1245393612 | small luteal cells | come from theca interna cells, contain LH receptor, and produces progesterone | 60 | |
| 1245393613 | luteotrophic | having a stimulating action on the development or assisting in maintaining the corpus luteum | 61 | |
| 1245393614 | isthmus | serves as reservoir until sperm released to Ampullary isthmic junction | 62 | |
| 1245393615 | oviduct | transport oocyte to site of fertilization | 63 | |
| 1245393616 | fate of unfertilized oocyte | cow, sow, ewe, doe: unfertilized oocyte will pass from the oviduct into the uterus mare: unfertilized oocyte will remain in oviduct and embryos will bypass unfertilized oocytes to pass into uterus | 64 | |
| 1245393617 | transuterine migration | movement from tip to tip of uterine horn that occur in the ewe, mare and pig | 65 | |
| 1245393618 | uterine involution | myometrial contractions and enzymatic activity shrinks uterus back to normal size | 66 | |
| 1245393619 | sialomucin | "like straw", low viscosity, considered a privileged pathway | 67 | |
| 1245393620 | sulfomucin | disulfide bonds, high viscosity, the majority of sperm don't survive because they get caught in this type of mucus | 68 | |
| 1245393621 | mucus characteristics during estrous cycle | estrus: clear, watery long parallel strands diestrus: little mucus, jelly-like mucus cross-linked by disulfide bonds | 69 |
