Newbury Park high school US history grade 11 CP history final section 2. ww 2 to present
Terms : Hide Images
| 596173156 | Truman Doctrine | President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology | |
| 596173157 | Marshall Plan | a United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe (1948-1952) | |
| 596173158 | Berlin Wall | In 1961, the Soviet Union built a high barrier to seal off their sector of Berlin in order to stop the flow of refugees out of the Soviet zone of Germany. The wall was torn down in 1989. | |
| 596173159 | McCarthyism | The term associated with Senator Joseph McCarthy who led the search for communists in America during the early 1950s through his leadership in the House Un-American Activities Committee. | |
| 596173160 | NATO | North Atlantic Treaty Organization; an alliance made to defend one another if they were attacked by any other country; US, England, France, Canada, Western European countries | |
| 596173161 | Korean War | The conflict between Communist North Korea and Non-Communist South Korea. The United Nations (led by the United States) helped South Korea. | |
| 596173162 | Vietnam War | A prolonged war (1954-1975) between the communist armies of North Vietnam who were supported by the Chinese and the non-communist armies of South Vietnam who were supported by the United States. | |
| 596173163 | Gulf of Tonkin Resolution | The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution was a joint resolution of the U.S. Congress passed on August 7, 1964 in direct response to a minor naval engagement known as the Gulf of Tonkin Incident. It is of historical significance because it gave U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson authorization, without a formal declaration of war by Congress, for the use of military force in Southeast Asia. | |
| 596173164 | Tet Offensive | 1968; National Liberation Front and North Vietnamese forces launched a huge attack on the Vietnamese New Year (Tet), which was defeated after a month of fighting and many thousands of casualties; major defeat for communism, but Americans reacted sharply, with declining approval of LBJ and more anti-war sentiment | |
| 596173165 | My Lai Massacre | 1968, in which American troops had brutally massacred innocent women and children in the village of My Lai, also led to more opposition to the war. | |
| 596173166 | Vietnamization | President Richard Nixons strategy for ending U.S involvement in the vietnam war, involving a gradual withdrawl of American troops and replacement of them with South Vietnamese forces | |
| 596173167 | Warsaw Pact | treaty signed in 1945 that formed an alliance of the Eastern European countries behind the Iron Curtain; USSR, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania | |
| 596173168 | Sputnik | a Russian artificial satellite | |
| 596173169 | Bay of Pigs | In April 1961, a group of Cuban exiles organized and supported by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency landed on the southern coast of Cuba in an effort to overthrow Fidel Castro. When the invasion ended in disaster, President Kennedy took full responsibility for the failure. | |
| 596173170 | Cuban Missile Crisis | the 1962 confrontation bewteen US and the Soviet Union over Soviet missiles in Cuba | |
| 596173171 | McCarthyism | unscrupulously accusing people of disloyalty (as by saying they were Communists) | |
| 596173172 | Baby boom | the larger than expected generation in United States born shortly after World War II | |
| 596173173 | Space race | a competition of space exploration between the United States and Soviet Union | |
| 596173174 | Brown vs. Board of Education | 1954- court decision that declared state laws segregating schools to be unconstitutional. Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) | |
| 596173176 | Montgomery Bus Boycott | In 1955, after Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a city bus, Dr. Martin L. King led a boycott of city busses. After 11 months the Supreme Court ruled that segregation of public transportation was illegal. | |
| 596173177 | Rosa Park | An African-American civil rights activist, whom the U.S. Congress called "the first lady of civil rights", and "the mother of the freedom movement". | |
| 596173178 | Martin Luther King | one of the main leaders of the American civil rights movement, a political activist, a Baptist minister, and was one of America's greatest orators. In 1964, King became the youngest man to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize (for his work as a peacemaker, promoting nonviolence and equal treatment for different races). On April 4, 1968, King was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee. | |
| 596173179 | Nonviolence/ Civil disobedience | Disobeying laws that do not make sense, and not using violence, but peace. | |
| 596173180 | 1963 March on Washington | was a large political rally that took place in Washington, D.C. on August 28, 1963. Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered his historic "I Have a Dream" speech advocating racial harmony at the Lincoln Memorial during the march. | |
| 596173181 | Civil Rights Act of 1964 | This act made racial, religious, and sex discrimination by employers illegal and gave the government the power to enforce all laws governing civil rights, including desegregation of schools and public places. | |
| 596173182 | Voting Rights Act of 1965 | a law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African American suffrage. Under the law, hundreds of thousands of African Americans were registered and the number of African American elected officials increased dramatically. | |
| 596173183 | Malcom X | spread ideas of black nationalism. disagreed w/ both the tactics and goals of the early civil rights movement. minister of the nation of isam. rejected his original name because it was his family's slave name | |
| 596173184 | Warren Commission | Commission made by LBJ after killing of John F. Kennedy. (Point is to investigate if someone paid for the assasination of Kennedy.) Conclusion is that Oswald killed Kennedy on his own. Commissioner is Chief Justice Warren. | |
| 596173154 | Domino Theory | the political theory that if one nation comes under Communist control then neighboring nations will also come under Communist control | |
| 596173185 | Woodstock | 3 day rock concert in upstate N.Y. August 1969, exemplified the counterculture of the late 1960s, nearly 1/2M gather in a 600 acre field | |
| 596173186 | Lyndon Johnson | 36th President of the United States | |
| 596173187 | Great Society | President Johnson called his version of the Democratic reform program the Great Society. In 1965, Congress passed many Great Society measures, including Medicare, civil rights legislation, and federal aid to education. | |
| 596173188 | Cesar Chavez | Organized Union Farm Workers (UFW); help migratory farm workers gain better pay & working conditions | |
| 596173189 | Richard Nixon | Vice President under Eisenhower and 37th President of the United States | |
| 596173190 | Gerald Ford | Took office after the resignation of Richard Nixon, he declared, "Our long national nightmare is over." | |
| 596173191 | Jimmy Carter | The 39th President who created the Department of Energy and the Depatment of Education. He was criticized for his return of the Panama Canal Zone, and his last year in office was marked by the takeover of the American embassy in Iran, fuel shortages, and the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan, which caused him to lose to Ronald Regan in the next election. | |
| 596173192 | OPEC Oil Crisis | Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries; When prise of oil per barrel kept going up. | |
| 596173193 | Camp David Accords | A peace treaty between Israel and Egypt where Egypt agreed to recognize the nation state of Israel | |
| 596173194 | Watergate | a political scandal involving abuse of power and bribery and obstruction of justice | |
| 596173195 | Detente | relaxation of tensions between the United States and its two major Communist rivals, the Soviet Union and China | |
| 596173196 | Iranian Hostage crisis | In 1979, Iranian fundamentalists seized the American embassy in Tehran and held fifty-three American diplomats hostage for over a year. The Iranian hostage crisis weaked the Carter presidency; the hostages were finally released on January 20, 1981, the day Ronald Reagan became president. | |
| 596173197 | Roe vs. Wade | the U.S. supreme Court ruled that there is a fundamental right ro privacy, which includes a woman's decision to have an abortion. Up until the third trimester the state allows abortion. | |
| 596173198 | Ronald Regan | the president of the US at the end of the cold war who encouraged Americans to mistrust communists | |
| 596173199 | Iran-Contra Scandal | Although Congress had prohibited aid to the Nicaraguan contras, individuals in Reagan's administration continued to illegally support the rebels. These officials secretly sold weapons to Iran in exchange for the release of American hostages being held in the Middle East. Profits from these sales were then sent to the contras. | |
| 596173200 | Berlin Wall | In 1961, the Soviet Union built a high barrier to seal off their sector of Berlin in order to stop the flow of refugees out of the Soviet zone of Germany. The wall was torn down in 1989. | |
| 596187716 | herbert hoover | Republican candidate who assumed the presidency in March 1929 promising the American people prosperity and attempted to first deal with the Depression by trying to restore public faith in the community. | |
| 596187717 | speculation | risky buying and selling of stocks in the hope of making a quick profit | |
| 596187718 | stock market crash | Another leading component to the start of the Great Depression. The stock became very popular in the 1920's, then in 1929 in took a steep downturn and many lost their money and hope they had put in to the stock. | |
| 596187719 | great depression | the economic crisis and period of low business activity in the U.S. and other countries, roughly beginning with the stock-market crash in October, 1929, and continuing through most of the 1930s. | |
| 596187720 | Bonus Army | Group of WWI vets. that marched to D.C. in 1932 to demand the immediate payment of their goverment war bonuses in cash | |
| 596187721 | FDR | Roosevelt, the President of the United States during the Depression and WWII. He instituted the New Deal. Served from 1933 to 1945, he was the only president in U.S. history to be elected to four terms | |
| 596187722 | Eleanor Roosevelt | FDR's Wife and New Deal supporter. Was a great supporter of civil rights and opposed the Jim Crow laws. She also worked for birth control and better conditions for working women | |
| 596187723 | New Deal | President Franklin Roosevelt's precursor of the modern welfare state (1933-1939); programs to combat economic depression enacted a number of social insureance measures and used government spending to stimulate the economy; increased power of the state and the state's intervention in U.S. social and economic life. | |
| 596187724 | criticisms of the new deal | The New Deal faced criticism from conservatives for its large use of deficit spending, control of business, and socialization of the economy. It was attacked by liberals for not doing enough to help poor fix the economy, and being in favor of big business. | |
| 596187725 | releif,recovery, reform | The three R's for poor, the economy, and keep the bank crisis for not happening again. | |
| 596187726 | FDIC | a federally sponsored corporation that insures accounts in national banks and other qualified institutions | |
| 596187727 | TVA | (Tennessee Valley Authority Act) Relief, Recover, and Reform. one of the most important acts that built a hyro-electric dam for a needed area. | |
| 596187728 | CCC | Civilian Conservation Corps. It was Relief that provided work for young men 18-25 years old in food control, planting, flood work, etc. | |
| 596187729 | Social Security | An act passed in 1935 gave government-payed pensions to American citizens over the age 65 as well as provided help for the unemployed, the disabled, and the needy. | |
| 596187730 | collective bargaining | Process by which a union representing a group of workers negotiates with management for a contract | |
| 596187731 | Dust Bowl | Region of the Great Plains that experienced a drought in 1930 lasting for a decade, leaving many farmers without work or substantial wages. | |
| 596187732 | Okies | the farmers, who in the Great Depression, were forced to move, many moved to Oklahoma | |
| 596187733 | John Steinbeck | American novelist who wrote "The Grapes of Wrath". (1939) A story of Dustbowl victims who travel to California to look for a better life. | |
| 596187734 | packing the Supreme Court | What FDR was most criticized for; He wanted more of his programs to be approved so he tried to increase the number of justice and tried to make them retire by a certain age so that he could replace the more conservative and older justices with younger and more liberal ones. | |
| 596187735 | Francis Perkins | Roosevelt's Secretary of Labor and first woman cabinet member in U.S. history. | |
| 596187736 | Allies | In World War I, Russia, France, Serbia, and Great Britain; in World War II, the alliance of Great Britain, the United States, the Soviet Union, and other nations | |
| 596187737 | Axis powers | Germany, Japan, Italy | |
| 596187738 | September 1,1939 | Date WWII began with German invasion of Poland | |
| 596187739 | Neutrality Laws | passed 1935-1937 to guard against conditions that might drag U.S. into future conflicts "Can't loan $ to nations @ war, nor sell weapons" | |
| 596187740 | Lend-lease program | Act of 1941 that permitted the US to led or lease arms and other supplies to the Allies, signifying an increasing likelihood of American involvement in WWII | |
| 596187741 | December 7,1941 | Japanese attack on pearl harbor | |
| 596187742 | Four Freedoms | Declared by President FDR; 1. Freedom of speech and expression; 2. Freedom of every person to worship in his own way; 3. Freedom from want; 4. Freedom from fear | |
| 596187743 | second front | the invasion of western Europe by the U.S ,British, and French in 1944. This invasion was to take presure off the Russians and divide the Germans. It was established by the D-Day Invasion. | |
| 596187744 | D-Day | June 6, 1944 - Led by Eisenhower, over a million troops (the largest invasion force in history) stormed the beaches at Normandy and began the process of re-taking France. The turning point of World War II. | |
| 596187745 | Holocaust | the Nazi program of exterminating Jews under Hitler | |
| 596187746 | island hopping | the American navy attacked islands held by the Japanese in the Pacific Ocean. The capture of each successive island from the Japanese brought the American navy closer to an invasion of Japan. | |
| 596187747 | Japanese internment | Japanese and Japanese Americans from the West Coast of the United States during WWII. While approximately 10,000 were able to relocate to other parts of the country of their own choosing, the remainder-roughly 110,000 me, women and children-were sent to hastly constructed camps called "War Relocation Centers" in remote portions of the nation's interior. | |
| 596173153 | Iron Curtain | a political barrier that isolated the peoples of Eatern Europe after WWII, restricting their ability to travel outside the region | |
| 596187748 | Issei and Nissei | Both Japanese words. Issei are the japanese people first to immigrate and Nissei are the japanese born in a new country (America) | |
| 596187749 | Manhattan Project | code name for the secret United States project set up in 1942 to develop atomic bombs for use in World War II | |
| 596187750 | Hiroshima and Nagasaki | nuclear attacks during World War II against the Empire of Japan by the United States of America at the order of U.S. President Harry S. Truman | |
| 596187751 | Rosie the riveter | Symbol of American women who went to work in factories during the war | |
| 596187752 | Zoot suit riots | A series of riots in L.A. California during WW2, soldiers stationed in the city and Mexican youths because of the zoot suits they wore. | |
| 596187753 | A. Phillip Randolph | started the brotherhood of sleeping car porters he was a leader of civil rights movement | |
| 596173152 | Containment | (military) the act of containing something or someone | |
| 596201890 | Cold war | A conflict that was between the US and the Soviet Union. The nations never directly confronted eachother on the battlefield but deadly threats went on for years. | |
| 596201891 | George Kennan | He was an American diplomat and ambassador best known as "the father of containment" and as a key figure in the emergence of the Cold War. | |
| 596201892 | Huac | The House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC) was an investigating committee which investigated what it considered un-American propaganda, | |
| 596201893 | Alger Hiss | state department offical. was accused of giving secret government documents to the Soviets | |
| 596201894 | The Rosenbergs | Liberal Jews who were prosecuted in the 1950's over accused spying for the Soviets. Were convicted and senteced to death, and killed in 1953 | |
| 596173155 | United Nations | International organization founded in 1945 to promote world peace and cooperation. It replaced the League of Nations. | |
| 596201895 | Douglass MacArthur | American commander during the war against Japan; headed American occupation governemnt of Japan after the War; commanded UN forces during the Korean War | |
| 596201896 | GI bill of rights | Also known as Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 gave money to veternas to study in colleges, universities, gave medical treatment, loans to buy a house or farm or start a new business | |
| 596201897 | Suburban Lifestyle | 1) elementary schools, high schools, education for children 2) cookie cut-out houses: spacious, garden 3) franchises like McDonalds | |
| 596201898 | Billy Graham | One of the most popular evangelical ministers of the era. Star of the first televised "crusades" for religious revival. He believed that all doubts about the literal interpretation of the bible were traps set by Satan. He supported Republicans and a large increase to money in the military. | |
| 596201899 | Alan Freed | A downtown cleveland Ohio radio disk jockey, won permission to play African American rythym and blues records on air | |
| 596201900 | NASA | National Aeronautic and Space Administration - a US government agency in charge of the space program | |
| 596201901 | Dr. Jonas Salk | Developed polio vaccine | |
| 596201902 | Election of 1960 | Kennedy vs. Nixon, Kennedy (due to televised charisma) won over Nixon (pale and nervous) | |
| 596201903 | Berlin Wall | a wall separating East and West Berlin built by East Germany in 1961 to keep citizens from escaping to the West | |
| 596201904 | Peace Corp | volunteer orginization created by JFK for aiding 3rd world nations | |
| 596201905 | Lee Harvey Oswald | United States assassin of President John F. Kennedy (1939-1963) | |
| 596201906 | Jack Ruby | killed Lee Harvey Oswald | |
| 596201907 | Warren Court | time when Earl Warren led the Supreme Court and controversial decisions were made expanding civil rights | |
| 596201908 | Thurgood Marshall | first African American Supreme Court Justice | |
| 596201909 | Little Rock | City in which 9 African-American students were integrated into a previousl all white high school in 1957. | |
| 596201910 | civil disobedience | a group's refusal to obey a law because they believe the law is immoral (as in protest against discrimination) | |
| 596201911 | Freedom Summer | In 1964, when blacks and whites together challenged segregation and led a massive drive to register blacks to vote. | |
| 596201912 | Selma | Beginning city of a march led by MLK demanding voting rights. Was met with violence on national TV. | |
| 596201913 | Medgar Evers | Director of the NAACP in Mississippi and a lawyer who defended accused Blacks, he was murdered in his driveway by a member of the Ku Klux Klan. | |
| 596201914 | Stokely Carmichael | head of the SNCC making a separatist philosophy of black power as the official objective of the organization | |
| 596201915 | Black Panther Party | A group formed in 1966, inspired by the idea of Black Power, that provided aid to black neighborhoods; often thought of as radical or violent. | |
| 596201916 | Betty Friedan | 1921-2006. American feminist, activist and writer. Best known for starting the "Second Wave" of feminism through the writing of her book "The Feminine Mystique". | |
| 596201917 | NOW | National Organization For Women | |
| 596201918 | ERA | Equal Rights Amendment | |
| 596201919 | Phyllis Schafly | She promoted the Stop ERA campaign because she thought that the Equal rights Amendment would ruin the traditional family. | |
| 596201920 | A.I.M. | American Indian Movement - Minneapolis, 1968 - Intent: Native American Pride and Self-Defense; Trribes from all over country come to this visit; | |
| 596201921 | UFW | "United Farm Workers" - organization of Mexican field hands, gained rights for migrant farm workers | |
| 596201922 | Ralph Nader | Consumer rights activist who in the 60s and 70s attacked corporate Americas unsafe products. Wrote book about the auto industry called Unsafe at Any Speed | |
| 596201923 | Earth Day | A day created in 1970 about celebrating and caring for the Earth | |
| 596201924 | counter culture | a culture with lifestyles and values opposed to those of the established culture | |
| 596201925 | Timothy Leary | United States psychologist who experimented with psychoactive drugs (including LSD) and became a well-known advocate of their use (1920-1996) | |
| 596201926 | Ho CHi Minh | Vietnamese communist statesman who fought the Japanese in World War II and the French until 1954 and South vietnam until 1975 (1890-1969) | |
| 596201927 | Ngo Dinh Diem | South Vietnamese president that was catholic and strongly opposed communism. His poor leadership and corrupt government spelled doom | |
| 596201928 | William Westmoreland | American General who commanded American military operations in the Vietnam War at its peak from 1964 to 1968 | |
| 596201929 | Pentagon Papers | Secret government documents published In 1971; revealed that the U.S. government had misled Americans about the Vietnam War. | |
| 596201930 | Bobby Kennedy | He ran for President in 1968; stirred a response from workers, African Americans, Hispanics, and younger Americans; would have captured Democratic nomination but was assassinated by Sirhan Sirhan after a victory speech during the California primary in June 1968. | |
| 596201931 | Henry Kissinger | Secretary of State, supported realpolitik, appointed by Nixon as his national Secretary advisor, engaged shuttle diplomacy | |
| 596201932 | SDS | a student organization that opposed the war in vietnam and held marches | |
| 596201933 | Kent state | Ohio college where an anti-war protest got way out of hand, the Nat'l Guard was called in and killed 3 students (innocent & unarmed,wounded 9) in idiscriminate fire of M-1 rifles | |
| 596201934 | Silent Majority | that group of quiet honest hard-working middle class Americans who do their job, respect their country and support gov.; Nixon wants their votes in 1968 and 1972 | |
| 596201935 | southern strategy | Nixon's plan to persuade conservative southern white voters away from the Democratic party | |
| 596201936 | realpolitik | politics based on practical rather than moral or ideological considerations | |
| 596201937 | CRP | Committee for the re-election of the president headed by John Mitchell. Handled everything to get Nixon re-elected including hiring "plumbers". | |
| 596201938 | enemies list | people Nixon had something against or had done something to him | |
| 596201939 | plumbers | people whose job it was to stop leaks of what Nixon was trying to achieve from being let out of the White House | |
| 596201940 | stagflation | During the 60's and 70's, the U.S. was suffering from 5.3% inflation and 6% unemployment. Refers to the unusual economic situation in which an economy is suffering both from inflation and from stagnation of its industrial growth. | |
| 596201941 | Panama Canal Treaties | Passed by President Carter, these called for the gradual return of the Panama Canal to the people and government of Panama. They provided for the transfer of canal ownership to Panama in 1999 and guaranteed its neutrality. | |
| 596201942 | Reaganomics | 1980s; Reagan's economic program which cut taxes and government regulation in order to increase productivity, nd eventully increase tax revenue as cash flowed in the economy | |
| 596201943 | Sandra Day O'connor | first woman supreme court justice. appointed by Reagan | |
| 596201944 | Star wars | President Reagan's proposed weapons system to destroy Soviet missiles from space. | |
| 596201945 | George Bush | 43rd president of the US who began a campaign toward energy self-sufficiency and against terrorism in 2001 | |
| 596201946 | Fall of the berlin wall | 1989 - Beginning of the fall of communism and the Soviet Union - symbolized the failure of communism and massive socialism | |
| 596201947 | Operation Desert Storm | the United States and its allies defeated Iraq in a ground war that lasted 100 hours (1991) |
