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| - an example of sympatric speciation. Having more than two complete sets of chromosomes (3n, 4n). Results from nondisjunction. Common in plants. These organisms are isolated because they can't exchange genes with plants that are normal (2n). | ||
| - (sympatric speciation) Two organisms of the same species that live in the same area but encounter each other rarely. Isolated from each other and cannot exchange genes. | ||
| - (sympatric speciation) Mating often depends on an elaborate mating ritual; if one partner does not enact the proper ritual no mating or exchange of genes occurs. | ||
| - (sympatric speciation) a flowering plant colonizes a region with areas that are warm and sunny and areas that are cool and shady; flowers in the warmer regions mature sooner than those in cooler regions isolating the flowers by time of maturation. | ||
| - (sympatric speciation) organisms of the same species are unable to mate because of anatomic or biochemical incompatibility. Prezygotic barriers prevents mating. Postzygotic barriers prevents fertile offspring once mating has occurred. | ||
| - Divergent, convergent, parallel, coevolution, and adaptive radiation. | ||
| - Occurs when a population becomes isolated from the rest of the species and exposed to new selective pressures causing speciation. Has a common ancestor. | ||
| - When unrelated species occupy the same environment, are subjected to the same environmental pressures, and show similar adaptations such as the whale (mammal) and any fish who both have streamlined bodies and fins. They may look similar but they do not share a common ancestor. | ||
| - when two related species have made similar evolutionary adaptations after divergence form a common ancestor such as the Gray Wolf (placental mammal) and the Tasmanian Wolf (Marsupial). | ||
| - A reciprocal set of evolutionary adaptations of two interacting populations such as predator and prey. | ||
| - The emergence of numerous species from on common ancestor introduced into the environment. All 13 of Darwin's finches evolved from a single common ancestor. | ||
| - Darwin's theory of evolution, currently not in fashion that theorized that organisms descend from a common ancestor gradually, over a long period of time, in a linear and branching fashion so that fossils exist at every stage with no missing links. | ||
| - Modern theory of evolution that proposes that new species appear suddenly after long periods of stasis; a new species arises and replaces the ancestral species after it becomes extinct, founded by Gould and Eldridge. | ||
| - Hypothesized separately that organic molecules could have formed on early Earth. Without corrosively reactive molecular oxygen present to react with and degrade them, organic molecules could persist. | ||
| - Two of the scientists trying to determine how organic molecules arose on ancient Earth. Tested the Oparin and Haldane hypothesis to prove that almost any energy source would have converted the first molecules to a variety of organic molecules including amino acids. | ||
| - Scientist trying to determine how organic molecules arose on ancient Earth. Carried out experiments with organic molecules and was able to form membrane-bound cell like structures called proteinoid microspheres. | ||
| - The first cells on Earth were anaerobic, heterotrophic prokaryotes. They probably arose about 3.5 billion years ago. Eukaryotes evolved about 1.6 billion years ago. | ||
| - Proposed by Lynn Margulis. Mitochondria, chloroplasts, and possibly nuclei were once free-living prokaryotes that took up residence inside larger prokaryotic cells. This mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship became permanent. |
