FP-C
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| 982729073 | norm ph range | 7.35 - 7.45 | 0 | |
| 982729074 | co2 norm range in ABG | 35-45 | 1 | |
| 982729075 | HCO3 norm range in ABG | 22-26 | 2 | |
| 982729076 | Pa02 of 60 = _____ Sa02 | 90% | 3 | |
| 982729079 | name 2 catalysts for respiratory alkalosis | Heat injury, ASA overdose | 4 | |
| 982729081 | what number indicates ion gap acidosis | greater than or = 16 | 5 | |
| 982729083 | List "MUDPILES" / causes of ion gap acidosis | Methanol, Uremia, DKA, Propylene Glycol, Isoniazid (INH)/ Iron, Lactate, Ethelyne Glycol, Salicylates | 6 | |
| 982729085 | what is methanol? | Alcohol poisoning | 7 | |
| 982729100 | what is uremia? | Kidney failure | 8 | |
| 982729101 | What is DKA? | Diabetic Ketoacidosis | 9 | |
| 982729109 | What is propylene glycol? | Liquid agent in Diazapam and Lorazapam | 10 | |
| 982729110 | Isoniazid (INH) / Iron | Tuperculosis medication / Iron Supplements | 11 | |
| 982729111 | Lactate | from anaerobic metabolism | 12 | |
| 982729112 | Ethelyne Glycol | Antifreeze | 13 | |
| 982729113 | Salicylate | ASA | 14 | |
| 982729130 | List PAILS and corresponding arteries with leads | posterior - LCX - v1-v4 anterior - LAD - v3,v4 inferior - RCA - II, III, AVF lateral - LCX - I, V5, V6, AVL septal - LAD - v1, v2 | 15 | |
| 982729131 | Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) Formula | SBP + (2 x DBP) _____________ 3 | 16 | |
| 982729132 | Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP) Formula | MAP - ICP | 17 | |
| 982729133 | Normal Range for ICP | 0 - 10 mmHg | 18 | |
| 982729134 | ICP Transducer is placed at _________ | foramen of Monro (level of ear) | 19 | |
| 982729139 | 2 chemical elements that drastically affect brain | glucose, sodium | 20 | |
| 982729144 | 3 terms synonymous with brain herniation | uncal, tentorial, brainstem | 21 | |
| 982729145 | Seeing __________ breathing pattern...suspect increased ICP / herniation | Cheyne - Stokes | 22 | |
| 982729146 | Tx of herniation | -paralyze -intubate -hyperventilate -mannitol -hypertonic solution -Barbituate coma | 23 | |
| 982729147 | Never use _____ solutions with herniation | hypotonic | 24 | |
| 982729148 | herniation onset seizures can be treated with these 2 | a benzo, or phosphenytoin | 25 | |
| 982729152 | skull fracture along sutures | diastatic | 26 | |
| 982729153 | skull fx that extend towards base of skull | linear | 27 | |
| 982729154 | mulitiple fx that radiate form compressed area like a spider web | linear stellate | 28 | |
| 982729155 | fx that result in battle signs, racoon eyes, otorrhea, clear rhinorrhea (leaking CSF) | basilar | 29 | |
| 982729156 | name 3 layers of skull, outside to in | skull, dura mater, arachnoid | 30 | |
| 982729157 | cephalic hemotoma between skull and dura mater | subdural | 31 | |
| 982729158 | cephalic hematoma between dura mater and arachnoid | epidural | 32 | |
| 982729301 | cephalic hematoma between brain and arachnoid | sub arachnoid | 33 | |
| 982729302 | slow skull bleed that is very lethal | subdural hematoma | 34 | |
| 982729303 | MMA artery head bleed that has gives pt lucid interval | epidural hematoma | 35 | |
| 982729304 | head bleed that shows starfish pattern on CT and gives 'worst headache of you life'. | subarachnoid hematoma | 36 | |
| 982729305 | T or F ; with subarachnoid bleeders, avoid lumbar puntures and keep sys BP under 140 | True | 37 | |
| 982729306 | drug treatment for Subarachnoid bleed | nimodipine | 38 | |
| 982729307 | why is there pupil dilation in Epidural bleeds? | loss of parasympathetic tone after occulomotor nerve injury | 39 | |
| 982729308 | great drug for intracranial hemorrage that results in high BP | nipride | 40 | |
| 982729309 | 3 types of concussions | mild - knocked out no memory loss classic - memory loss diffuse axonal injury - Coma | 41 | |
| 982729310 | A seizure lasting over 30 minutes | status epilecticus | 42 | |
| 982729311 | drugs for status epilecticus | lorazapam (ativan) | 43 | |
| 982729312 | spinal cord injury on one side that includes motor loss on injury side and sensation and temp loss on the opposite side | brown sequard lesion | 44 | |
| 982729313 | spinal shock causes loss of _________ | tone | 45 | |
| 982729314 | trauma can cause swelling of spinal cord resulting in | spinal shock | 46 | |
| 982729315 | 2 treatments of spinal shock | crysalloid fluid if hypotensive shitload of steriods | 47 | |
| 982729316 | cord injury when motor weakness is worse in upper extremities than lower extremities | central cord injury | 48 | |
| 982729317 | spinal cord issue resulting in loss of pain/temp everywhere, and sparing of propioreception/vibration | anterior cord syndrome | 49 | |
| 982729318 | another name for neurogenic shock | distributive shock | 50 | |
| 982729319 | 3 symptoms of Neurogenic shock | -decreased systemic vascular resistance (SVR) -hypotension -warm red skin | 51 | |
| 982729320 | Normal range for serum osmolality | 285 - 295 | 52 | |
| 982729321 | T or F higher osmolality # , thicker the serum | True | 53 | |
| 982729322 | Basic Metabolic Panel Ranges / Chem 7 | Na - 135 145 K - 3.5 - 5 Co2 22-26 | 54 | |
| 982729664 | urine output formulas for infant, child, and adult | infant - 2cc/kg/hr child - 1cc/kg/hr adult - 0.5cc/kg/hr | 55 | |
| 982729665 | ET Tube size formula for peds | (16+Age)/4 | 56 | |
| 982729666 | ETT insertion depth formula | 3 x ETT size | 57 | |
| 982729667 | formulas for peds maintenance fluids | 1 - 10 kg ; 4cc/kg/hr 10 - 20 kg ; 2cc/kg/hr > 20 kg ; 1cc/kg/hr | 58 | |
| 982729669 | Fluid resusitation formula for infants / neonates (<1 y/o | 10cc/kg | 59 | |
| 982729670 | Fluid resusitation formula for toddler/children (>1 y/o | 20cc/kg | 60 | |
| 982729671 | Age ranges breakdown for classification | neonate> birth to 30 days infant - 30 days to 1 yr toddler - 1 yo to 2 y/0 child - > 2 yrs old | 61 | |
| 982729672 | Intubate immediately with these 3 ABG values | Ph <7.2 Co2>55 PO2<60 | 62 | |
| 982729673 | Name 2 classes of chemoreceptors and their main drive response | Central - medulla/pons - CO2 Peripheral - aortic/carotid - 02 (very quick reactor) | 63 | |
| 982729820 | what is Fick Formula? | (V/Q-Ventilation/Perfusion) It calculates how much o2 a person uses - measures cardiac output, assuming o2 uptake by lungs equals o2 delivery | 64 | |
| 982729957 | What is the shorthand for Tidal Volume? | Vt | 65 | |
| 982729958 | What is estimate for good volume on ventilator? | 6-10cc/kg | 66 | |
| 982729959 | What is Fi02? | Fraction of inspired oxygen (.21-1.0 or 21% - 100%) | 67 | |
| 982729960 | What is pplat? | Plateau pressure (should be less than 30) | 68 | |
| 982729961 | ____ is the degree of vascular resistance to ventricular contraction | afterload | 69 | |
| 982729962 | t or f: right heart afterload is affected by the pulmonary arteries | True | 70 | |
| 982729963 | t or f: left heart afterload is affected by systemic vascular resistance | true | 71 | |
| 982729964 | normal range for SVR | 800-1200 | 72 | |
| 982729965 | t or f: S3 "Kentucky" is caused by excess filling of ventricals | True | 73 | |
| 982729966 | ____ is a very common reason for the S3 heart sound | CHF | 74 | |
| 982729967 | _____ and ____ are very common causes of s4 "Tennessee" heart sound | Hypertrophic cardiomyhopathy / HTN | 75 | |
| 982729968 | 'stemi' stands for _____ | ST segment elevation infarction | 76 | |
| 982729969 | t or f: with st elevation, you are watching tissue death live | true | 77 | |
| 982729970 | STEMI confirmation requires st elevation greater than ___ mm in 2 contiguous leads | 2 | 78 | |
| 982729971 | New onset LBBB is indicated by ____ deflection on V1 | downward | 79 | |
| 982729972 | STEMIs show (+ or - ?) cardiac markers /enzymes | + | 80 | |
| 982729973 | Partial artery occlusino causes ____ on EKG reading (Ischema/Angina) | ST depression | 81 | |
| 982729975 | Full artery occlusion causes ____ on EKG reading (Stemi) | ST elevation | 82 | |
| 982729977 | ST depression in non STEMI is caused by lack of 02 to cardiac tissue occuring now, or due to _____ | an old infarct | 83 | |
| 982729979 | non STEMIs produce (+) cardiac enzymes | true | 84 | |
| 982729980 | Antidote for beta blocker o.d is ____ | glucagon | 85 | |
| 982729982 | if angina is not relieved by rest, nitro, or is different than 'normal' chest pain, it is ____ angina | unstable | 86 | |
| 982730013 | The cardiac enzyme most sensitive and specific for MI is ____ | troponin I | 87 | |
| 982730014 | Never give ___ nor ____ to a pt suffering from inferior MI | nitro / beta blockers | 88 | |
| 982730018 | With ____ MIs, you will see reciprocal changes/St depressions in v1 - v4 | posterior | 89 | |
| 982730019 | A papillary muscle/'heart strings' dysfunction leads to _____ shock | cardiogenic | 90 | |
| 982730021 | What are 4 leads likely to be affected with lateral MI? | V1, V5, V6, AVL | 91 | |
| 982730022 | What condition is one of the most common causes of tachy disorders in infants and children? | Wolf Parkinson White Syndrome | 92 | |
| 982730024 | delta waves are seen with ____ syndrome | wolf parkinson white | 93 | |
| 982730027 | BBBs on EKG readings are seen on all leads | False; they're only seen on V1 | 94 | |
| 982730031 | BBBs can have a narrow QRS | False; they're greater than .12 | 95 | |
| 982730032 | Unstable Angina can be qualified with pn lasting for more than 10 min. T or f? | True | 96 | |
| 982730044 | list 3 attributes of variant (prinzmetals) angina | - chest pn at rest, has circadian rhythm, relieved with nitro -often seen with women, at night -treated with CCBs | 97 | |
| 982730045 | Kyle's favorite B blocker for purposes of exam is ___ | Labetelol | 98 | |
| 982730046 | most drugs that end in 'olol' are ____ | beta blockers | 99 | |
| 982730047 | Suspect ___ when you see digoxin on pts hx | CHF history | 100 | |
| 982730053 | Name 5 drugs that increase SVR | dopamine, neosynephrine, epi, levophed (norepi) - if totally bottomed out | 101 | |
| 982730058 | name 7 drugs that reduce SVR | nitroprusside, high dose NTG, CCBs, ACEi, a blockers, dobutrex, natrecor (atrial natriuretic peptide) | 102 | |
| 982730070 | nitroprusside (nipride) reduces preload and afterload due to ____ | dilation | 103 | |
| 982730226 | nitroprusside (nipride) overdose can cause _____ | cyanide toxicity | 104 | |
| 982730227 | name 2 common things that increase preload | fluids, vasoconstrictors | 105 | |
| 982730228 | name 3 common things that can decrease preload | morphine, lasix, nitro | 106 | |
| 982730229 | a good alternative to nitroprusside (it doesn't cause cyanide toxicity is _____ | nicardipine | 107 | |
| 982730230 | properly performed CPR is __% of normal cardiac output | 20 | 108 | |
| 982730231 | Tricyclic anti-depressant (TCA) overdose causes a ____ on ekg | prolonged QT interval | 109 | |
| 982730232 | We see dysrhytmias in hypothermia because of the increases in ____ and ____ levels | lactate / K+ | 110 | |
| 982730233 | What is does PTCA stand for? | Percutaneous Transluminal coronary angioplasty (it's a 'cardiac cath') | 111 | |
| 982730234 | 2 courses of treatment for the PTCA pt during transport | -keep leg straight for 30 minutes after cath removal -administer g2b3a inhibitors | 112 | |
| 982730235 | Endocarditis is a sudden onset infection of the heart tissue that often results in _______ | new murmur | 113 | |
| 982730236 | #1 cause of endocarditus | IV drug abuse | 114 | |
| 982730268 | Those who suffer from Endocarditis can have red, painful fingertips called __________ | osler nodes | 115 | |
| 982730269 | Those who suffer from Endocarditis can have red lesions on palm and soles called __________ | janeway lesions | 116 | |
| 982730270 | Tx of endocarditis involves ____ and ____ | IV antibiotics / heart valve replacement (if damage is strong enough) | 117 | |
| 982730271 | A pt presenting w progressive dypnea and coughs up frothy sputum probably has _____ | CHF | 118 | |
| 982730272 | A CHF pt will show these 3 signs on chest xray | Butterfly pattern / Kerley B lines / Heart 50% of chest area | 119 | |
| 982730273 | Treatment for CHF pt should usually involve these 3 drug interventions | -Lasix (prob most important for test) -ACEi (angiotensisn converting enzyme inhibitor) - beta blockers (such as carvidolol) | 120 | |
| 982730274 | What is BNP and how does it relate to CHF? | B-type Natriuretic Peptide - it's a substance that increases from heart to compensate for a heart failure. Higher BNP, higher the failure. | 121 | |
| 982730275 | When BNP blood test shows greater than ___, it is CHF | 400 | 122 | |
| 982730276 | What is likely cause of substernal chest pn when breathing of laying supine? | Pericarditis | 123 | |
| 982730277 | 2 types of pericarditis and what are they? | - uremic: usually just went though dialysis because of renal failure - dressler's syndrome: pericarditis occurring after MI/post-heart surgery. can last 3-4 weeks | 124 | |
| 982730278 | What are we likelly to see on EKG with pericarditis? | global st elevation with rounded t-waves (diffuse st segment elevation) | 125 | |
| 982730279 | drug treatment for pericarditis | NSAIDs (usually indocin) | 126 | |
| 982730280 | 'Ripping or tearing' sensation btwn shoulder blades is usually _____ . the sensation can also present in chest or abdomen. | aortic dissection | 127 | |
| 982730281 | Pn in aortic dissection should be treated with ___ or ___ | morphine or fentanyl | 128 | |
| 982730282 | slow Aortic dissection bleed with these 2 drugs, in this order: | b blocker (labetolol), THEN nitroprusside | 129 | |
| 982730283 | Peripheral vascular thrombosis involves what condition? | Deep vein thrombosis (dvt) | 130 | |
| 982730284 | What are the 3 elements of virchow's triad? These are seen with dvt... | -loss of vein integrity / stasis (long seated ride, or hospital bed) / hypercoagualable state (cancer or pregnancy) | 131 | |
| 982730285 | 3 symptons of dvt: | aching pn / warm / redness / swelling | 132 | |
| 982730286 | what are the 6 p's related to arterial occlusion? | pulselessness, paralysis, paresthesia, pain, pallor, poikilothermia (cold blooded) | 133 | |
| 982730287 | Symptoms of a hypertensive crisis/emergency | headache / nausea/vomiting/ visual changes | 134 |
