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| 8594198296 | criminalistics | the examination of physical evidence; the term forensics may also include broader areas of investigation, such as pathology | 0 | |
| 8594204217 | evidence | anything that tends to establish or disprove a fact; can include documents, testimony, and other objects | 1 | |
| 8594211993 | ballistics | the science that deals with the motion, behavior, and effects of projectiles, most often firearms and bullets | 2 | |
| 8594217946 | odontology | in forensics, examination of bite marks and dental identification of corpses | 3 | |
| 8594221415 | pathology | investigation of sudden, unexplained, or violent death | 4 | |
| 8594224608 | entomology | the study of insects | 5 | |
| 8594229076 | polygraphy | the use of the lie detector | 6 | |
| 8594232981 | statutory law | legislative acts declaring, commanding, or prohibiting something | 7 | |
| 8594238827 | case law or common law | the body of law made up of judicial opinions and precedents | 8 | |
| 8594243143 | stare decisis | Latin; "to stand by the decision", meaning previous legal decisions are to be followed | 9 | |
| 8594247827 | civil law | deals with noncriminal suits brought to protect or preserve a civil or private right or matter | 10 | |
| 8594253994 | criminal law | regulation and enforcement of rights setting the acceptable limits of conduct in society | 11 | |
| 8594258440 | misemeanor | a minor crime, less than a felony, usually punished with a fine or confinement other than in prison | 12 | |
| 8594263959 | felony | a serious crime, such as murder, punishable by more than one year or imprisonment up to execution | 13 | |
| 8594268499 | probable cause | situation in which a reasonable and prudent person, viewing the available information, would conclude that a crime has been committed and that the suspect committed it | 14 | |
| 8594277268 | Miranda rights or Miranda warning | rights guaranteed by the Constitution that police must tell arrestees about, especially the right to remain silent and the right to an attorney | 15 | |
| 8594286706 | booking | a police procedure following arrest that requests basic information about the suspect, a photograph, fingerprints, and perhaps a line up | 16 | |
| 8594294178 | arraignment | the first act in a criminal proceeding, where the defendant is charged and brought before court to hear charges and enter plea | 17 | |
| 8594298696 | nolo contendere | in a criminal lawsuit, a defendant neither admits nor denies a crime but accepts punishment as though he or she were guilty | 18 | |
| 8594309838 | preliminary or evidentiary hearing | a hearing before a magistrate or judge to determine whether a person charged with a crime should be held for trial; also sometimes called a preliminary examination | 19 | |
| 8594315107 | bail | money put up to guarantee that the defendant will appear in court as directed. A bondsman will pay the bail for a fee of 10 percent of the bail amount. If the defendant does not appear when the time comes, the bondsman may hire bounty hunters to find and return the suspect | 20 | |
| 8594327802 | grand jury | a group of people sworn to inquire into crime and, if appropriate, bring accusations (indictments) against the suspected criminals | 21 | |
| 8594333895 | indict | to formally accuse a person of a crime | 22 | |
| 8594335220 | plea bargaining | an agreement in which a defendant pleads guilty to a lesser charge and the prosecutor in return drops ore serious charges to avoid the cost and time of a trial | 23 | |
| 8594346171 | violation | a breach of a right, duty, or law | 24 | |
| 8594350143 | infraction | violation of a rule or law that is not punishable by prison | 25 | |
| 8594353433 | probative | in evidence law, tending to prove something | 26 | |
| 8594355631 | material | in evidence law, relevant and significant. A material witness has information about the subject | 27 | |
| 8594360538 | hearsay | testimony given by a witness who relates not what he or she heard, saw, or knew personally, but what others have said. The knowledge is dependent on the credibility of the other person, and therefore is not admissible in court unless it meets a hearsay exception | 28 | |
| 8594377145 | expert witness | an individual whom the court determines to possess knowledge relevant to the trial that is not expected of the average layperson | 29 | |
| 8594395677 | Frye standard | commonly called the "general acceptance" test, the Frye standard dictates that scientific evidence is admissible at trial only if the methodology or scientific principle on which the opinion is based is "sufficiently established to have gained general acceptance in the particular field in which it belongs". The Frye test applies only to "new" or "novel" scientific methodologies. | 30 | |
| 8594442640 | Daubert ruling | updated revision of the Frye standard for admissibility of expert scientific evidence that implicitly endorses a classical definition of the scientific method, including hypothesis testing, estimates of error rates, peer reviewed publication, and general acceptance | 31 | |
| 8594455866 | junk science | theories based on distorted, flawed, or untested hypothesis not derived from or tested by the scientific method | 32 | |
| 14082798282 | forensic science | the application of science to criminal and civil laws that are enforced by police agencies in a criminal justice system | 33 | |
| 14082823829 | Locard's Exchange Principle | whenever two objects come into contact with one another, they exchange materials between them | 34 | |
| 14082833529 | scientific methos | a process that uses strict guidelines to ensure careful and systematic collection, organization, and analysis of information | 35 |
