(ca. 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.)
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| 159904108 | homo sapiens sapiens | modern humans | 0 | |
| 159904109 | Stone Age | period of time when early humans made tools and weapons out of stone. It ended around 3500 B.C.E. | 1 | |
| 159904110 | Neolithic Revolution | the shift from hunting of animals and gathering of food to the keeping of animals and the growing of food on a regular basis around 8,000 B.C.E. | 2 | |
| 159904111 | Mesopotamia | civilization on the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, begun by the Sumerians | 3 | |
| 159904112 | Egypt | civilization on the Nile river | 4 | |
| 159904113 | Indus valley | civilization on the Indus river | 5 | |
| 159904114 | China | civilization on the Yellow river | 6 | |
| 159904115 | Olmec | arose in Central America around 1200 B.C.E. (without a major river system) | 7 | |
| 159904116 | Chavin | appeared in Andes Mountains after 12000 B.C.E. | 8 | |
| 159904117 | Africa | birthplace of humanity | 9 | |
| 159904118 | civilization | social organization of a high order, marked by advancements in the arts and sciences | 10 | |
| 159904119 | agriculture | began in the Middle East | 11 | |
| 159904120 | cuneiform | Sumerian script, begun in 3300 B.C.E. | 12 | |
| 159904121 | Hammurabi's code | one of the world's first law codes | 13 | |
| 159904122 | Babylonians | originated the base-60 number system | 14 | |
| 159904123 | ziggurat | Babylonian pyramid-like temples | 15 | |
| 159904124 | Book of the Dead | Egyptian religious text | 16 | |
| 159904125 | pyramid | royal Egyptian tomb | 17 | |
| 159904126 | hieroglyphics | Egyptian script, begun around 3100 B.C.E. | 18 | |
| 159904127 | Xia, Shang, Zhou, Qin | early Chinese Dynasties | 19 | |
| 159904128 | Hittites | likely first group to make systematic use of iron weapons | 20 | |
| 159904129 | Nebuchadnezzar | Assyrian ruler, who built the Hanging Gardens of Babylon | 21 | |
| 159904130 | Cyrus the Great | first Persian ruler | 22 | |
| 159904131 | Hebrews | first group to practice monotheism | 23 | |
| 159904132 | Phonecians | inventors of the world's first true alphabet (1400 B.C.E) | 24 | |
| 159904133 | Sparta | rigid, Greek city-state that was ruled by an oligarchy, focused on military, used slaves for agriculture, discouraged the arts | 25 | |
| 159904134 | Athens | Powerful city in Ancient Greece that was a leader in arts, sciences, philosophy, democracy and architecture. | 26 | |
| 159904135 | Oligarchy | a political system governed by a few people | 27 | |
| 159904136 | Democracy | a political system governed by the people (a concept invented in Athens) | 28 | |
| 159904137 | Peloponnesian War | civil conflict between Sparta and Athens | 29 | |
| 159904138 | Alexander the Great | one of the most successful military leader in history | 30 | |
| 159904139 | Hellenism | Greek culture | 31 | |
| 159904140 | Homer | composed the Iliad, and the Odyssey | 32 | |
| 159904141 | Socrates, Plato, Aristotle | influential greek philosophers. believed truth could be discerned through rational thinking and careful observation. virtue=happiness. | 33 | |
| 159904142 | Roman Republic | The period from 509 to 31 B.C.E., during which Rome was largely governed by the aristocratic Roman Senate | 34 | |
| 159904143 | plebeian (lower), patrician (upper) | Roman classes | 35 | |
| 159904144 | Julius Caesar | successful Roman general and famous speaker, was governer of Gaul, used army to epland control of Roman Republic, eventually becoming a dictator | 36 | |
| 159904145 | Caesar Augustus | Octavian, Julius Caesar's adopted son | 37 | |
| 160434440 | Aryans | Indo-European nomadic group that conquered Indians around 1500 B.C.E. | 38 | |
| 160434441 | Sanskrit | religious, literary, and intellectual language of India | 39 | |
| 160434442 | Mauryans | first true rulers of India (324-184 B.C.E.) | 40 | |
| 160434443 | Gupta Empire | United India after the fall of the Mauryan Empire (320-550 C.E.) | 41 | |
| 160434444 | Gupta scholars | invented the decimal system, pi, and zero | 42 | |
| 160434445 | Roman Empire splits | 395 C.E. | 43 | |
| 160434446 | Justinian | Created "new rome"; best known for his law reforms-400 years of codified Roman law; built Hagia Sophia | 44 | |
| 160434447 | Corpus Juris Civilis | Body of Civil Law | 45 | |
| 160434449 | Middle Ages | The era in European history that followed the fall of the Roman Empire, lasting from about 500 to 1500 C.E. | 46 | |
| 160434450 | Bantu | Collective name of a large group of sub-Saharan African languages and of the peoples speaking these languages | 47 | |
| 160434451 | Nubia | (Not counting Egypt) first major civilization in Africa | 48 | |
| 160434452 | Ghana | First known kingdom in sub-Saharan West Africa, dating back to 500 C.E. Also the modern West African country once known as the Gold Coast and "Land of gold" | 49 | |
| 160752842 | earth mounds | North American religious burial mounds | 50 | |
| 160787141 | Anasazi | A civilization in North America's desert Southwest (first millennium C.E.) | 51 | |
| 160787142 | cliff dwellings | Anasazi houses built into overhanging cliffs | 52 | |
| 160787143 | cultural diffusion | The spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another | 53 | |
| 160787144 | class distinction | religious purities and social boundaries | 54 | |
| 160787145 | food surplus | leads to specialization of labor and increase populations | 55 | |
| 161512043 | social stratification | The process whereby the members of a society are sorted into different statuses. | 56 | |
| 161512044 | Heirarchy | a culture's system of ranking social classes | 57 | |
| 161512045 | social mobility | a change in position within the social hierarchy | 58 | |
| 161512046 | Patriarchies | societies in which males are dominant | 59 | |
| 161512047 | Monarchy | a government led by a single ruler | 60 | |
| 161512048 | Aristocracy | the elite class or nobility | 61 | |
| 161512049 | Feudal system | governmental system of the Middle Ages | 62 | |
| 161512050 | Republic | a state in which all or most adult citizens play an equal role in government | 63 | |
| 161512051 | Democracy | Government by the people, exercised either directly or through elected representative | 64 | |
| 161512052 | Theocracy | a government dominated by the religious elite | 65 | |
| 161512053 | Atlantic Slave Trade | Lasted from 16th century until the 19th century. Trade of African peoples from Western Africa to the Americas. One part of a three-part economical system known as the MIddle Passage of the Triangular Trade | 66 | |
| 161512054 | Silk Road | a chain of trade routes stretching from China to the Mediterranean Sea | 67 | |
| 161512055 | Polytheism | Worship of more than one deity | 68 | |
| 161512056 | Pantheon | a group of gods | 69 | |
| 161512057 | Monotheism | worship of one god | 70 | |
| 162232864 | Abraham | Patriarch of Judaism | 71 | |
| 162232865 | diaspora | the scattering of the Jews to countries outside of Palestine during the Roman rule | 72 | |
| 162232866 | Talmud | collection of Jewish law and tradition (another name for Torah) | 73 | |
| 162232867 | Law of Manu | a book, written between 200 B.C.E and 200 C.E, in which the rules for social behavior were written down; Manu is the mythical founder of India | 74 | |
| 162232868 | Hindu deities | Vishnu, Shiva, Brahma, and Mahadevi Skakti | 75 | |
| 162232869 | Caste System | A Hindu social class system that controlled every aspect of daily life | 76 | |
| 162238694 | Reincarnation | belief that the individual soul is reborn in a different form after death | 77 | |
| 162238695 | karma | (Hinduism and Buddhism) the effects of a person's actions that determine his destiny in his next incarnation | 78 | |
| 162238696 | World Soul | a great spirit to which everything in the world belongs | 79 | |
| 162238697 | nirvana | any place of complete bliss and delight and peace (blissful nothingness) | 80 | |
| 162238698 | dao | The way | 81 | |
| 162238699 | Mandate of Heaven | a political theory of ancient China in which those in power were given the right to rule from a divine source | 82 | |
| 162238700 | I-Ching | a Chinese book of oracles, consulted to answer ethical and practical problems | 83 | |
| 162238701 | filial piety | in Confucian thought, one of the virtues to be cultivated, a love and respect for one's parents and ancestors | 84 | |
| 162238702 | Jesus of Nazareth | founder of Christianity | 85 | |
| 162238703 | Sermon on the Mount | Jesus' most famous message | 86 | |
| 162238704 | Golden Rule | "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you" | 87 | |
| 162238705 | Bible | Christian holy book | 88 | |
| 162238706 | Muhammad | the Arab prophet who founded Islam (570-632 C.E.) | 89 | |
| 162238707 | Qur'an | Muslim holy book | 90 | |
| 162238708 | Sunni | Muslims that believe that one elected by the believers should become caliph | 91 | |
| 162238709 | Shiites | Muslims that believe that only direct descendants of Muhammad should become caliph | 92 |
