Chapter 1
Terms : Hide Images
| 298896651 | Paleolithic Age | The old Stone Age ending in 12,000 B.C.E.; typified by use of crude stone tools and hunting and gathering for subsistence. | 0 | |
| 298896652 | homo sapiens sapiens | subspecies of Homo sapiens | 1 | |
| 298896653 | Neolithic Age | The new Stone Age between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; period in which adaptation of sedentary agriculture occured; domestication of plants and animals accomplished. | 2 | |
| 298896654 | Neolithic Revolution | the succession of technological innovations and changes in human organization that led to the development of agriculture, 8500-3500 B.C.E. | 3 | |
| 298896655 | hunting and gathering | the use of simple tools to hunt animals and gather vegetation for food | 4 | |
| 298896656 | Bronze Age | From about 4000 B.C.E., when bronze tools were first introduced in the Middle East, to about 1500 B.C.E., when iron began to replace it. | 5 | |
| 298896657 | slash and burn agriculture | a farming technique in which trees are cut down and burned to clear and fertilize the land | 6 | |
| 298896658 | bands | A level of social organization normally consisting of 20 to 30 people; nomadic hunters and gatherers; labor divided on a gender basis. | 7 | |
| 298896659 | Catal Huyuk | early urban culture based on sedentary agriculture; located in modern southern Turkey; larger in population than Jericho, had greater degree of social stratification. | 8 | |
| 298896660 | civilization | societies with reliance on sedentary agriculture, ability to produce food surpluses, and existence of nonfarming elites, along with merchant and manufacturing groups. | 9 | |
| 298896661 | cuneiform | a form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge-shaped stylus and clay tablets | 10 | |
| 298896662 | nomads | cattle- and sheep-herding societies normally found on the fringes of civilized societies; commonly referred to as "barbarian" by civilized societies. | 11 | |
| 298896663 | Mesopotamia | literally "between the rivers"; the civilizations that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris-Euphrates river valleys. | 12 | |
| 298896664 | Sumerians | people who migrated into Mesopotamia c. 4000 B.C.E.; created the first civilization within region; organized area into city-states. | 13 | |
| 298896665 | ziggurats | Massive towers usually associated with Mesopotamian temple complexes. | 14 | |
| 298896666 | city-states | a form of political organization typical of Mesopotamian civilizations; consisted of agriculture hinterlands ruled by an urban based king. | 15 | |
| 298896667 | Babylonians | an ancient empire of Mesopotamia in the Euphrates River valley. It flourished under Hammurabi and Nebuchadnezzar II but declined after 562 B.C. and fell to the Persians in 539. | 16 | |
| 298896668 | Hammurabi | the most important Babylonian ruler; responsible for codification of the law. | 17 | |
| 298896669 | pharaoh | a king of ancient Egypt, considered a god as well as a political and military leader | 18 | |
| 298896670 | pyramids | monumental architecture typical of Old Kingdom Egypt; used as burial sites for pharaohs. | 19 | |
| 298896671 | Kush | An African state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile c. 100 B.C.E.; conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries. | 20 | |
| 298896672 | Indus River | river that sources in the Himalayas and flows to its mouth in the Arabian Sea; location of the early civilizations Harappa and Mohenjo Daro | 21 | |
| 298896673 | Harappa | Along with Mohenjo-daro, major urban complex of the Harappan civilization; laid out on planned grid pattern. | 22 | |
| 298896674 | Mohenjo Daro | Along with Harappa, major urban complex of the Harappan civilization; laid out on planned grid pattern. | 23 | |
| 298896675 | Huanghe (Yellow River) | site of development of sedentary agriculture in China | 24 | |
| 298896676 | ideographic | Pictographic characters grouped together to create new concepts; typical of Chinese writing. | 25 | |
| 298896677 | Shang | First Chinese dynasty for which archeological evidence exists; capital located in Ordos bend. | 26 | |
| 298896678 | Phoenicians | seafaring civilization located on the shores of the eastern Mediterranean; established colonies throughout the Mediterranean. | 27 | |
| 298896679 | monotheism | the belief in one god | 28 |
