GACS lclab World History - Unit 5 - Islam - Class Notes
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| 102492622 | Arabian Peninsula | vast desert plateau in Southwest Asia | |
| 102492623 | Bedouins | nomadic herders lived in Arabian Peninsula and organized into tribes ruled by Sheiks | |
| 102492624 | Muhammad | Born in 570 AD and 40 years old when he was given revelation and Gabriel told him to preach | |
| 102492625 | Qur'an | is the main religious text of Islam; believe it was revealed from God to Muhammad through the angel Gabriel from 610 to 632 CE | |
| 102492626 | Gabriel | angel through which Muslims believe the Qur'an was revealed to Muhammad | |
| 102492627 | Islam | means submission to God; believers are Muslim | |
| 102492628 | Kaaba | a building with many dieties; a cube-shaped building in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, and is the most sacred site in Islam; later idols were destroyed and it become the most holy place of Islam | |
| 102492629 | Hijra | migration; Muhammad had to flee Mecca because merchants felt he was damaging their business; he fled to Medena; this event is called ___________. | |
| 102492630 | Moses, Jesus | Muslims recognize ___________ and ______________ as prophets but do not believe them to be as great as Muhammad | |
| 102492631 | dhimmi | people of the book who given respect by the Muslims (Christians, Jews) | |
| 102494648 | 1st of 5 pillars of Islam Faith | declaration of faith--one god; no others have divinity | |
| 102494649 | 2nd of 5 pillars of Islam Faith | prayer five times a day, facing Meca | |
| 102494650 | 3rd of 5 pillars of Islam Faith | Giving to the pool | |
| 102494651 | 4th of 5 pillars of Islam Faith | fasting - especially during the holy month of Ramadan (when Muhammad is believed to have received the Qur'an) | |
| 102494652 | 5th of 5 pillars of Islam Faith | Pilgrimage to Mecca at least one time | |
| 102494653 | alcohol, pork | forbidden by Islam | |
| 102494654 | polygamy | allowed by Koran up to 4 wives as long as the husband treats them equally | |
| 102494655 | Jihad | holy struggle, not strictly holy war; believed that the defenders of Islam who are martyred go straight to heaven | |
| 102494656 | Mosque | have no images or pictures of Muhammad or any man or animal | |
| 102494657 | Imam | Islam religious leaders | |
| 102494658 | Friday | tradition weekly worship of Islam at 12:00 noon | |
| 102499397 | caliphs | Muhammad's successors; spread Islam and Arab rule after Muhammad's death | |
| 102499398 | Abu Bakr | first caliph after Muhammad's death | |
| 102499399 | tax | Christians and Jews were allowed to worship freely if they paid a _______. | |
| 102499400 | Byzantine Empire | a barrier to Muslim advances in Europe for 700 years | |
| 102499401 | Moors | Muslims became known as this in Spain | |
| 102499402 | Battle of Tours | Significant battle fought in 732 between Muslim Moors and the Christian Franks | |
| 102499403 | Charles Martel | Frankish leader in the Battle of Tours; know as "The Hammer" | |
| 102499404 | Franks | won the Battle of Tours and began to drive the Moors out of France | |
| 102501417 | Ummayyad | After first 4 caliphs dies, two dynasties ruled; this one's capital was at Damascus; also Arabs who conquered Spain; ruled from 661 to 750 | |
| 102515218 | Abbasid | After first 4 caliphs dies, two dynasties ruled; this one ruled from 750 to 1250 and their capital was Baghdad; ultimately ruled with great wealth | |
| 102515219 | Sunni | One of the 2 main divisions of Islam; conservative; believe only in the Koran and are the largest group (90%) | |
| 102515220 | Shiite | One of the 2 main divisions of Islam; believe in the Koran and in potential revelation; the main group in Iran; | |
| 102515221 | caliphate | ruled teh empire wiht the assistance of a prime minister | |
| 102515222 | vizier | prime minister for Muslim government; assisted the caliphate | |
| 102515223 | Sharia | sacred law of the Muslim government based on the Qur'an which covered all spheres of life | |
| 102515224 | ulema | high court for all religous matters; even what we might consider private affairs | |
| 102515225 | umma | Muslim worldwide community | |
| 102515226 | Cordoba | one of the 3 main capitals of the Muslim worldwide community; located in Spain | |
| 102515227 | Cairo | one of the 3 main capitals of the Muslim worldwide community; located in Egypt | |
| 102515228 | Baghdad | one of the 3 main capitals of the Muslim worldwide community; located in Iraq | |
| 102515229 | Arabic | became a world language because Muslims wanted to read the Qur'an | |
| 102515230 | paper | a Chinese invention used by the Muslims to create books | |
| 102515231 | `Aristotle | Muslims preserved Greek and Roman writings and especially liked the works of ____________. | |
| 102515232 | Cairo | Muslims established the oldest and still functioning university located in ________________. | |
| 102515233 | Avicenna | greatest doctor and medical scientest of Arab medicine | |
| 102515234 | Arabic numerals | Hindu numbers were imported and become known as ________________. | |
| 102515235 | 1001 Arabian Knights | most famous literature of the Arabs was collection of fiction known as ______________. | |
| 102515236 | Persian | became the language of literature and poetry; Arabic became the language of science of religion | |
| 102515237 | arabesque | style of art used because it was unlawful to depict animals and humans in Muslim art | |
| 102515238 | Taj Mahal | considered one of the greatest examples of Muslim architecture; located in India | |
| 102515239 | slavery | believed it was a step on the way to becoming converted to Islam' was common but not extremely harsh | |
| 102515240 | Harems | wives and children of wealthy families were seclude din ________________. | |
| 102515241 | eunuchs | guarded harems | |
| 102515242 | jealousy | harem system created ____________ and intrigue in the royal family and seriously harmed the running of the government | |
| 102515243 | rights | free woman had few __________; in fact slave women had more outward freedom | |
| 102515244 | Seljuk Turks | began the Abbasid decline during the 1000's AD; kept the Abbasid ruler only as a figurehead | |
| 102515245 | Ginghis Khan | attacked throughout Asia in the 1200s; grandson Hulugu destroyed XXXXX and ended teh reign of the Arab caliphs | |
| 102515246 | Ottoman Empire | 1300's another Turkish tribe invaded the Middle East and established an empire which lasted until World War I | |
| 102521359 | Golden Age | Gupta Dynasty was the _______________ of classical India | |
| 102521360 | Gupta Dynasty | last native Indian led government of India until the 20th century | |
| 102521361 | Sanskrit | scared literary script but literacy was exceptional | |
| 102521362 | zero, decimal | mathmeticians invented concepts of _________ and the _________system to go along with Arabic numerals | |
| 102521363 | Europeans | Indian doctors practiced surgery and pharmacy and passed their knowledge on to Muslims, who passed it on to _____________. | |
| 102521364 | post-Gupta India | great art and architecture; Buddhism very popular; Turkish Muslims constantly invaded and harassed the nothern part of India | |
| 102521365 | Dehli Sultanate | established by post-Gupta India; ruled in northern India for 300 years; later become nation of Pakistan | |
| 102521366 | Vedas, Upanishads, Mahabharata | three main writings of Hindus | |
| 102521367 | Mahabharata | means great story and is the world's longest poem with 200,000 lines | |
| 102521368 | Bhagavad Gita | part of the Mahabharata poem which summarizes how to live | |
| 102521369 | Brahman, Vishnu, Shiva | three main Hindu deities | |
| 102521370 | Brahman | the creator | |
| 102521371 | Vishnu | the preserver | |
| 102521372 | Shiva | the destroyer | |
| 102521373 | Jainism | religion which came from Hinduism; believes in complete non-violence, followers sweep their paths to avoid killing the tiniest animals; like Buddhism | |
| 102521374 | Mahatma Gandi | Jainism religion had great influence on this founder of modern India | |
| 102522903 | caste | describes the system of social stratification and social restrictions in India in which social classes are defined by thousands of endogamous hereditary groups; has become entrenched | |
| 102545983 | modern India | democracy and bans caste priviliges; all are equal before the law | |
| 102545984 | arrival of Muslims | veiling and social isolation began with the________. | |
| 102545985 | Sati | shows women's practice of submission; practice of women committing suicide upon the death of her husband | |
| 102545986 | Indian trade | cinnamon, pepper, cloves, nutmeg, Indian cotton, Chinese silk |
