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| 567736050 | Gandhi in London | • The English Vegetarian Society • Edward Carpenter's Civilization: Its Cause and Cure • Introduced to political ideology called theosophists: awakens his interest in Hinduism • Started reading the bible • Becomes deeply religious | 0 | |
| 567736051 | Gandhi in South Africa | • Key Transformations o Awakening to racism: Insulted while traveling in train • Thrown out of train while sitting in 1st class • Crucial moment in his life Discriminatory racial laws against Indians o Awakening to politics: o Incorporates principles of Ahimsa (nonviolence) o First experiments with Satyagraha | 1 | |
| 567736052 | Satyagraha | • Literally means truth-force • Borrows from Jainism the concept of Ahimsa (nonviolence) • Emphasis on politics based on morality and ethics • Love and self-suffering the basics of resistance • No concept of enemy • Educating public opinion • No criminal disobedience or doing violence (Duragraha) • Satyagrahis have to pledge the following: o Non violence o Not to resist arrest o Celibacy o Use of Swadeshi | 2 | |
| 567736053 | Rowlatt Act | 1. Rowlatt Satyagraha 1919 • Launched in response to the Rowlatt Act (passed in March 1919): British government had the right to arrest Indians without any trial. Person who is arrested had no right no appeal to a court. o First all Indian Movement o An occasion which makes Gandhi an all India political leader | 3 | |
| 567736054 | Amritsar Massacre/ aka Jallianwallah Bagh Tragedy | o Large group of people gathered peacefully to protest against the Rowlatt Act o British government sent military led by Dyer. o People shot, about 380 people died, many injured o British government dismissed Dyer, but he was celebrated when he was sent back to England o Main event that transformed Gandhi from being a British loyalist to non-cooperator | 4 | |
| 567736055 | Khilafat Movement | o Protest against the dismantling of the Ottoman empire and Caliphate in Turkey o Angered Muslims all over the world o To bring Hindus and Muslims together | 5 | |
| 567736056 | Non-Cooperation Movement | • Launched in response to: o Amritsar massacre and the British response to it o The Khilafat movement o Boycott of British institutions o It was important for Gandhi because it was training in self rule o For the first time since the rebellion, the British government is badly shaken due to the huge uproar , • Gandhi promotes Satyagraha (non-violence) • 1919-1920 Non-cooperation adopted by Congress • 1922 - Gandhi deems it a failure because of Chaura Chauri police officers killed • But Sikhs do not back away from the concept | 6 | |
| 567736057 | • Chauri Chaura riots (in eastern United Provinces) Feb, 1922 | o 23 policemen burnt to death o Gandhi put stop to movement because he believed non violence o Gandhi sentenced to 6 years in prison o Gandhi emerges as a mass peoples leader o Masses are now involved | 7 | |
| 567736058 | Civil Disobedience Movement | • January 26, 1930: Declaration of Purna Swaraj, total independence at Congress session in Lahore • Emergence of young generation of Congress leaders at this meeting (Nehru)(ch.11) • Civil disobedience movement launched to demand: o Abolition of salt tax and the salt monopoly o 50% cut in land tax o Support for Indian textile production o Release of political prisoners | 8 | |
| 567736059 | Dandi March | o March 12-April 6, 1930 o Aim of march was to go to the sea, make your own salt, and break British monopoly o From Sabarmati to Dandi (230 mile walk) o Started with 80 people, but once it reached Dandi there were thousands o Many imprisoned o 3 important outcomes: Movement attracted great deal of media attention: global attention, immense pressure and embarrassment of British government For the first time, hundreds of Indian women participating in Indian movement outside of their home British were now forced to realize that British empire in India would not last long | 9 | |
| 567736060 | Round Tables Conferences and the Gandhi-Irwin Pact | • First round table conference (Nov 1930) in London • First attempt at compromise fails because congress boycotts • Gandhi released from prison in 1931 • Gandhi- Irwin Pact, 1931 o For the first time, an Indian leader (Gandhi) is meeting a British (Irving) leader as an equal o Civil disobedience movement is called off o Political prisoners are released o British give Indians right to make salt • Second Round Table Conference 1931 o Congress projects itself as representation of all Indians o Said that congress cannot meet all needs of the Muslims o Fails due to congress and Muslim league not agreeing o Thousands of Indians arrested in span of 3 days including Gandhi • Third Round Table Conference 1932 o New development of Muslim league o Negotiate with British government o Muslim league becomes very powerful | 10 | |
| 567736061 | Lahore Resolution | • 1940: Jinnah's Lahore Resolution o Call for a separate nation of Muslims for the first time -Jinnah wants Muslim League to have their own country, Pakistan is formed | 11 | |
| 567736062 | Cripps Mission | 1942: Sir Stafford Cripps sent to get Indians to support war. Indians demand independence. Talks fall apart. | 12 | |
| 567736064 | Quit India Movement | • Launched in August 1942 • Mass demonstrations • 90,000 Indians imprisoned including Gandhi • Muslim league did not support quit India Movement, they supported the British • Muslim league established base in Bengal and Punjab • Political polarization is complete along religious lines | 13 |
