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Genetics AP Flashcards

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11619673681DominantAllele that will be expressed if present0
11619673682RecessiveAn allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present1
11619673683Homozygous DominantHaving two identical alleles that are dominant (ex TT, BB)2
11619673684HeterozygousHaving two different alleles for a gene (ex Tt, Bb)3
11619673685Homozygous RecessiveHaving two identical alleles that are recessive (ex tt, bb)4
11619673686GameteSex cells (egg and sperm)5
11619673687TraitA specific characteristic6
11619673688AlleleThe different forms of the same gene7
11619673689CodominantWhen one allele is not dominant over the other and both show up at the same time (ex. spots)8
11619673690Incomplete DominanceWhen alleles are neither dominant or recessive and the result is a phenotype that is mixed (ex. white and red alleles make pink)9
11619673691Multiple AlleleA gene that has more than two alleles (ex. blood type)10
11619673692Polygenic TraitA trait controlled by two or more genes (ex. skin color)11
11619673693PedigreeA diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family (family tree of a trait)12
11619673695DiploidTwo sets of chromosomes13
11619673696HaploidOne set of chromosomes14
11619673697PhenotypeThe physical characteristic of an organism15
11619673699DihybridCross between two organisms where two distinct traits are being studied.16
11619673700MonohybridCross between two organisms where only one trait is being studied.17
11619673701Parental CrossThe first mating involving parents that are pure (homozygous) for their traits.18
11619673702F1 GenerationOffspring of the Parental Cross19
11619673703F2 GenerationOffspring of the F1 generation20
11619673704ProbabilityA number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur.21
11619673707A Blood TypeHas A antigens present on surface of blood. Has anti-B antibodies. (genotypes: IA IA or IA io)22
11619673708B Blood TypeHas B antigens present on surface of blood. Has anti-A antibodies. (genotypes: IB IB or IB io)23
11619673709AB Blood TypeHas A and B antigens and no antibodies so it is the universal recipient (genotype IA IB)24
11619673710O Blood TypeContains no antigens and contains Anti-A and Anti-B antibodies so it is the universal donor (genotype io io)25
11619673711Rh +Has Rh antigen, no antibodies26
11619673712Rh-No Rh antigen, but has anti Rh+ antibodies27
11619673713GeneA segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait28
11619673714Sex-linked TraitTraits controlled by genes located on sex chromosomes29
11619673715GenotypeAn organism's genetic makeup or allele combinations30
11619673716Universal DonorType O blood because there are not antigens on the blood cells31
11619673717ChromosomeContains genetic information32
11619673718Sex ChromosomeChromosomes that determine the sex of an individual33
11619673719SegregationSeparation of alleles34

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