Chapter 6 and Chapter 8
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| 1077312039 | Somatic Cell | The Cells that make up the body tissue and organs ie Body Cells. | 0 | |
| 1077312040 | Gamete | The Cells that allow DNA to be passed to the next generation ie Sex Cells. | 1 | |
| 1077312041 | Homologous Chromosome | A chromosome structure composed of one chromosome from your mother and one from your father. | 2 | |
| 1077312042 | Autosome | Chromosomes that contain genes not related to the gender of the organism. | 3 | |
| 1077312043 | Sex Chromosome | Chromosomes that directly control the development of sexual characteristics. | 4 | |
| 1077312044 | Sexual Reproduction | The fusion of two gametes that result in offspring that are a genetic mixture of both parents. | 5 | |
| 1077312045 | Fertilization | The actual fusion of an egg and sperm cell to form one nucleus. | 6 | |
| 1077312046 | Diploid | A cell that has two copies of each chromosome, one from the mother and one from the father. | 7 | |
| 1077312047 | Haploid | A cell that has one copy of each chromosome. | 8 | |
| 1077312048 | Meiosis | A form of nuclear division that divides a diploid cell into haploid cells. | 9 | |
| 1077312049 | Gametogenesis | The Production, or Beginning (as evidenced by "-genesis"), of gametes. | 10 | |
| 1077312050 | Sperm | The Male Gamete. | 11 | |
| 1077312051 | Egg | The Female Gamete. | 12 | |
| 1077312052 | Polar Body | A short-lived product of the formation of gametes by meiosis. | 13 | |
| 1077312053 | Trait | Distinguishing characteristics that are inherited. | 14 | |
| 1077312054 | Genetics | The study of biological inheritance patterns and variation in organisms. | 15 | |
| 1077312055 | Purebred | An organism that always produces offspring with the same form of a trait as the parent. | 16 | |
| 1077312056 | Cross | The mating of two organisms. | 17 | |
| 1077312057 | Law of Segregation | Mendel's law that states that the pairs of homologous chromosomes separate in meiosis so that only one chromosome from each pair is present in each gamete. | 18 | |
| 1077312058 | Gene | A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait. | 19 | |
| 1077312059 | Allele | An alternative form of a gene. | 20 | |
| 1077312060 | Homozygous | An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait. | 21 | |
| 1077312061 | Heterozygous | An organism that has two different alleles for a trait. | 22 | |
| 1077312062 | Genome | All the genetic information in an organism; all of an organism's chromosomes. | 23 | |
| 1077312063 | Genotype | An organism's genetic makeup. | 24 | |
| 1077312064 | Phenotype | An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits. | 25 | |
| 1077312065 | Dominant | The allele that is expressed when two different alleles or two dominant alleles are present. | 26 | |
| 1077312066 | Recessive | The allele that is only expressed when there is no dominant allele. | 27 | |
| 1077312067 | Punnett Square | A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross. | 28 | |
| 1077312068 | Monohybrid Cross | Crosses that examine the inheritance on one specific trait. | 29 | |
| 1077312069 | Testcross | A cross between an organism with an unknown genotype and an organism with the recessive phenotype. | 30 | |
| 1077312070 | Dihybrid Cross | Crosses that examine the inheritance of two different traits. | 31 | |
| 1077312071 | Law of Independent Assortment | The second law of genetics, which states that allele pairs separate independently of each other during gamete formation, or meiosis. | 32 | |
| 1077312072 | Probability | The likelihood that a particular even will happen | 33 | |
| 1077312073 | Crossing Over | The exchange of chromosome segments between homologous chromosomes pro phase I of Meiosis. | 34 | |
| 1077312074 | Genetic Linkage | The tendency for alleles of genes on the same chromosome to be inherited together. | 35 | |
| 1089881136 | Bacteriophage | A virus that takes over a bacterium's genetic machinery and directs it to make more viruses. | 36 | |
| 1090246399 | Nucleotides | The small units, or monomers, that make up DNA. | 37 | |
| 1090246400 | Double Helix | Two Strands of DNA twisting around each other. | 38 | |
| 1091112428 | Base Pairing Rules | Thymine (T) always pairs with Adenine (A) and Cytosine (C) always pairs with Guanine (G). | 39 | |
| 1091112429 | Replication | The process in which DNA is copied during the cell cycle. | 40 | |
| 1091112430 | DNA Polymerases | Enzymes that form bonds between nucleotides during replication. | 41 | |
| 1091112431 | Central Dogma | Genetic Information flows in DNA to RNA to Protein. | 42 | |
| 1091112432 | RNA | A chain of nucleotides, each made of a sugar, a phosphate group, and nitrogen-containing base. | 43 | |
| 1091112433 | Transcription | The process of copying a sequence of DNA to produce a complementary strand of RNA | 44 | |
| 1091112434 | RNA Polymerases | Enzymes that bond nucleotides together in a chain to make a new RNA molecule. | 45 | |
| 1091112435 | Messenger RNA (mRNA) | An intermediate message that is translated to form a protien. | 46 | |
| 1091112436 | Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) | Forms part of ribosomes, a cell's protein factories. | 47 | |
| 1091112437 | Transfer (tRNA) | Brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome to help make the growing protien. | 48 | |
| 1091112438 | Translation | The Process that converts, or translates, an mRNA message into a polypeptide. | 49 | |
| 1091112439 | Codon | A three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid. | 50 | |
| 1091112440 | Stop Codon | Signals the end of the amino acid chain. | 51 | |
| 1091112441 | Start Codon | Signals the start of translation and the amino acid methoinine. | 52 | |
| 1091112442 | Anticodon | A set of three nucleotides that is compemetary to an mRNA codon. | 53 | |
| 1091112443 | Promoter | A DNA segment that allows a gene to be transcribed. | 54 | |
| 1091112444 | Operon | A region of DNA that includes a promoter, an operator, and one or more structural genes that code for all the proteins needed to do a specific task. | 55 | |
| 1091112445 | Exons | Nucleotide segments that code for parts of protein. | 56 | |
| 1091112446 | Introns | Nucleotide segments that intervene, or occur, between exons. | 57 | |
| 1091112447 | Mutation | A change in the an organism's DNA. | 58 | |
| 1091112448 | Point Mutation | A mutation in which one nucleotide is substituted for another. | 59 | |
| 1091112449 | Frameshift Mutation | The insertion of deletion of a nucleotide in the DNA sequence. | 60 | |
| 1091112450 | Mutagens | Agents in the environment that can change DNA. | 61 | |
| 1138482797 | Carrier | A person who doesn't show disease symptoms, but can pass on the disease-causing gene to offspring. | 62 | |
| 1138482798 | Sex-linked gene | Genes located on the sex chromosomes. | 63 | |
| 1138482799 | X chromosome inactivation | When, in female mammals, one of two X chromosomes is randomly "turned off" | 64 | |
| 1138482800 | Incomplete dominance | A heterozygous phenotype is somewhere between the homozygous dominant phenotype and the homozygous recessive phenotype. | 65 | |
| 1138482801 | Codominance | In which both traits are fully and separately expressed. | 66 | |
| 1138482802 | Polygenic Trait | Traits produced by two or more genes. | 67 | |
| 1138482803 | Linkage Map | Maps of relative locations, or loci, of genes on a chromosome. | 68 | |
| 1138482804 | Pedigree chart | A chart that can help trace the phenotypes and genotypes of in a family to determine whether people carry recessive alleles. | 69 | |
| 1138482805 | Karyotype | A picture of all of the chromosomes in a cell. | 70 |
