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Gifford AP Psychology- CH. 9 Memory

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128398092MemoryThe persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
128398093Flashbulb MemoryA clear memory of an emotionally significant moment of event
128398094EncodingThe processing of information into the memory system
128398095StorageThe retention of encoded information over time
128398096RetrievalThe process of getting information of memory storage
128398097Sensory MemoryThe immediate, initial recording of sensory information in the memory system
128398098Short-term MemoryActivated memory that holds a few items briefly such asthe seven digits of a phone number when dialing, before the information is stored or forgotten
128398099Long-term MemoryThe relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system
128398100Working MemoryA similiar concept that focuses more on the processing of briefly stored information
128398101Automatic ProcessingUnconscious encoding of incidental information, and a well-learned information
128398102Effortful processingEncoding that requires attention and conscious effort
128398103RehearsalThe conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in consciousness of to encode it for storage
128398104Spacing EffectThe tendency for distributed study or practice to yield bettwe long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or pactice
128398105Serial Position EffectOur tendency to recall best the last and first item in a list
128398106Sematic EncodingThe encoding of meaning
128398107Acoustic EncodingThe encoding of sound, especially the sound of words
128398108Visual EncodingThe encoding of picture images
128398109ImageryMental pictures, a powerful aid to effortful processing
128398110MnemonicsMemory aids
128398111ChunkingOrganizing items into familiar, manageable units
128398112Iconic MemoryA momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli
128398113Echoic MemoryMomentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli
128398114Long-term Potentiation (LTP)An increase in a synapse's firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation
128398115AmnesiaThe loss of memory
128398116Implicit MemoryRetention without conscious recollection
128398117Explicit MemoryMemory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare"
128398118HippocampusA neural center located in the limbic system that helps process explicit memories for storage
128398119RecallA measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier
128398120RecognitionA measure of memory in which the person need only to identify items previously learned
128398121RelearningA memory measure that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
128398122PrimingThe activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory
128398123Deja VuThat eerie sense that "I've experienced this before"
128398124Mood-congruent MemoryThe tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good or bad mood
128398125Proactive InterferenceThe disruptive effort of prior learning on the recall of new information
128398126Retroactive InterferenceThe disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
128398127RepressionIn psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness
128398128Misinformation EffectIncorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event
128398129Source AmnesiaAttributing to the wrong source an event that we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined

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