Chapter 15 of Give Me Liberty! by Eric Foner
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| 384713694 | Reconstruction | the period after the Civil War in the United States when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union | |
| 384713698 | Special Field Order 15 | Shermans response to meeting with black leaders, set aside large area of South Carolina and Georgia coasts for black families to settle with 40 acres of land and broken-down mules . "40 acres and a mule" 40,000 freed slaves settled here in hopes of building black independence. | |
| 384713700 | black churches | Mostly Methodist and Baptist, 250 black ministers where in office during Reconstruction | |
| 384713701 | first black colleges | Fisk University in Tennessee, Hampton Institute in Virginia, and Howard University in Washington DC | |
| 384713703 | freedom to former slaves | an open ended process, a transformation of every aspect of their lives and of the society and culture that had sustained slavery in the first place | |
| 384713704 | Confederate men deaths | 260,000, 1/5 of southern white male population | |
| 384713705 | Southern Farming | property value 30% less than before, lost slaves, lost savings that they had invested in confederate bonds, some people experiencing physical labor for the first time | |
| 384713706 | Freedmens Bureau | lead by O.O. Howard 1865-70, aided distressed freedmen (freed slaves) through legal food and housing, oversight, education, health care, and employment contracts with private landowners. | |
| 384713707 | Andrew Johnson | "honest yeoman" racist born in poverty Lincoln's VP took over after Lincoln was assassinated, ordered 'shermans land' (40 acres for blacks) to be given back to their original owners, super duper racist | |
| 384713708 | the task system | workers were assigned daily tasks after completed they were free to do whatever | |
| 384713709 | wage labor | predominated on the sugar plantations, closely supervised, survived in rice kingdom of south Carolina and Georgia | |
| 384713710 | sharecroppers | rented land owned by others | |
| 384713711 | Johnson's pardons | restored political and property rights except for slaves, established new governments in south, opposed by northerners | |
| 384713712 | Black Codes | Southern laws designed to restrict the rights of the newly freed black slaves. Granted: legalized marriage, property ownership, and limited access to the courts. Denied:ability to testify against whites, serve on juries, serve in state militias, and ability to vote. | |
| 384713713 | Radical Republicans | These were a small group of people in 1865 who supported black suffrage. They were led by Senator Charles Sumner and Congressman Thaddeus Stevens. They supported the abolition of slavery and a demanding reconstruction policy during the war and after. | |
| 384713714 | Charles Sumner | Radical Republican against the slave power who insults Andrew Butler and subsequently gets caned by Preston Brooks | |
| 384713715 | Thaddeus Stevens | A radical Republican who believed in harsh punishments for the South. Leader of the radical Republicans in Congress. | |
| 384713716 | Civil Rights Act of 1866 | said all people born in the United States are citizens and have the right to our freedoms, A bill passed as a measure against the Black Codes to reinforce black rights to citizenship. It was vetoed by Johnson and was later passed as the 14th Amendment. | |
| 384713717 | 13th Amendment | officially abolished slavery, prohibits involuntary servitude. | |
| 384713718 | 14th Amendment | Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws | |
| 384713719 | 15th Amendment | citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude | |
| 384713720 | The Reconstruction Act | reorganized the South into five military districts., Divided the South into five districts, each commanded by a union general and policed by Union soldiers to maintain order and protect civil rights. It temporarily disfranchised tens of thousands of former Confederates, required states to ratify the 14th Amendment if they wanted to be re-admitted to the Union, and states' constitutions had to allow former adult male slaves to vote. | |
| 384713721 | Tenure of Office Act | 1866 - enacted by radical congress - forbade president from removing civil officers without senatorial consent - was to prevent Johnson from removing a radical republican from his cabinet | |
| 384713722 | Ulysses S. Grant | U.S. president 1873-1877. Military hero of the Civil War, won against Horatio Seymour | |
| 384713723 | "waving the bloody shirt" | This was a campaign tactic used by post-Civil War Republicans to remind northern voters that the Confederates were Democrats. The device was used to divert attention away from the competence of candidates and from serious issues. It was also used to appeal to black voters in the South. | |
| 384713724 | Naturalization Law | an act passed by Congress at the beginning of Jefferson's presidency that reduced the requirement of fourteen years of residency to the previous requirement of five years | |
| 384713725 | carpetbaggers | A derogatory term applied to Northerners who migrated south during the Reconstruction to take advantage of opportunities to advance their own fortunes by buying up land from desperate Southerners and by manipulating new black voters to obtain lucrative government contracts. | |
| 384713726 | scalawags | A derogatory term for Southerners who were working with the North to buy up land from desperate Southerners. | |
| 384713727 | Reconstruction's Opponents | The Souths - planters, merchants, and Democrats. Bitterly opposed new govt. | |
| 384713728 | Whiskey Ring | During the Grant administration, a group of officials were importing whiskey and using their offices to avoid paying the taxes on it, cheating the treasury out of millions of dollars. | |
| 384713729 | Ku Klux Klan | meant to control newly freed slaves through threats and violence; other targets: Catholics, Jews, immigrants and others thought to be un-American. Against Republican leaders. Wore white robes and hood, lynched and tortured 'un' Americans | |
| 384713730 | Enforcement Acts | outlawed terrorist societies and and allowed the president to use the army against them (mostly for KKK) | |
| 384713731 | Liberal Republicans | In 1872, Republican reformers, alarmed by the corruption and scandals in the Grant administration, organized this branch of the Republican Party and nominated Horace Greeley for president. They were laissez faire liberals who opposed legislation that benefited any particular group. | |
| 384713732 | Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction | 10% of the voters in each Southern state had to swear an oath of loyalty to the US | |
| 384717684 | Barrow Plantation | kept detailed records of whippings for 2 years there were 160 whippings and 200 slaves |
