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Give Me Liberty Chapter 16 Flashcards

America's Gilded Age, 1870-1890
Dr. King-Owen, APUSH

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4653512830TrustsFirms or corporations that combine for the purpose of reducing competition and controlling prices (establishing a monopoly). There are anti-trust laws to prevent these monopolies, actions of rival companies managed by single director0
4653512831Social DarwinismA social theory which states that the level a person rises to in society and wealth is determined by their genetic background.1
4653512837Sherman Anti-Trust ActBanned combos & practices that prevented free trade, first federal action against monopolies. However, it was initially misused against labor unions.2
4653512838Interstate Commerce ActEnsure reasonable rates for railroads, did not offer more favorable treatment to others, Established the ICC (Interstate Commerce Commission) - monitors the business operation of carriers transporting goods and people between states - created to regulate railroad prices3
4653512841Haymarket Square Riot, 1886Began as rally in support of striking workers in Illinois; however, someone threw a bomb at police which led to gunfire; 8 anarchists tried (4 convicted); marked decline of Knights of Labor4
4653512842Knights of LaborFounded in 1869 by Uriah S. Stephens and led by Terrence Powderly. Its goals were the establishment of the 8 hour work day and the abolition of child labor. Open membership to EVERYONE besides bankers, lawyers, gamblers, and liquor dealers. Collapsed after Haymarket Square Riot5
4653512849Andrew CarnegieA Scottish-born American industrialist and philanthropist who founded the Carnegie Steel Company in 1892. By 1901, his company dominated the American steel industry. He was a robber baron.6
4653512850John D. RockefellerAn American industrialist and philanthropist, in 1870, Rockefeller founded the Standard Oil Company. He often forced rival companies to sell out by drastically lowering his own prices. At one point he controlled 90% of the oil business. He became the world's richest man and first American billionaires, and was a robber baron.7
4653512851Vertical integrationPractice where a single entity controls the entire process of a product, from the raw materials to distribution8
4653512852Horizontal integrationType of monopoly where a company buys out all of its competition. Ex. Rockefeller9
4653512853Standard OilEstablished in 1870, it was a integrated multinational oil corporation lead by Rockefeller10
4653512855Ghost DanceSpiritual revival in 1890 by Indians that would lead to the massacre at Wounded Knee11
4653512859Wounded Knee, 1890A battle between the U.S. Army and the Dakota Sioux, in which several hundred Native Americans and 29 U.S. soldiers died. Tensions erupted violently over two major issues: the Sioux practice of the "Ghost Dance," which the U.S. government had outlawed, and the dispute over whether Sioux reservation land would be broken up because of the Dawes Act.12
4653512860Reservation Policyis an area of land managed by a Native American tribe under the United States Department of the Interior's Bureau of Indian Affairs. Tribes would agree to live in clearly defined zones - reservations; In exchange they'd provide guidance and protection. In actuality, officials hoarded supplies and Indians were, malnourished, demoralized, and desperate.13
4653512862Battle of Little BighornIn 1876, Indian leaders Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse (Sioux) defeated Custer's troops who tried to force them back on to the reservation, Custer and all his men died14
4653512863Chief JosephLeader of Nez Perce. Fled with his tribe to Canada instead of reservations. However, US troops came and fought and brought them back down to reservations. Famous speech: "I Shall Fight No More."15
4653512865Dawes Severalty ActBill that promised Indians tracts of land to farm in order to assimilate them into white culture. The bill was resisted, uneffective, and disastrous to Indian tribes16
4653512866Homestead Act1862 - Provided free land in the West to anyone willing to settle there and develop it. Encouraged westward migration.17
4653512868Frederick Jackson Turner(1861 - 1932) known for The Significance of the Frontier in American History, where he stated that the spirit and success of the United States is directly tied to the country's westward expansion. According to Turner, the forging of the unique and rugged American identity occurred at the juncture between the civilization of settlement and the savagery of wilderness.18
46536746941883 Civil Service ActMerit system for federal employees, 1st step in making professional civil service & removing officeholding from hands of political machines19
4653675564William M Tweed OrganizationReached into every neighborhood, Forged close ties w/ labor unions, railroad men, Won support from city's immigrants, Made private welfare system20
46536767411884 Elk V WilkinsLaws and treaties enabled to become American citizen if left tribes and assimilated into American culture/society, but in this case, the 14th and 15th amendment did not apply Unable to vote, denied "life, liberty, and property",21
46536780621877-1879 Nez Percepursued by commissioner O.O. Howard (freedmen's Bureau), Planned to escape to Canada after fights with settlers, Settlers intruded tribal lands @ Oregon and Idaho22
46536787241876 Sioux & CheyenneLed by Sitting Bull & Crazy horse, defended tribal and in Black Hills of Dakota Territory, land was invaded by whites after discovery of gold, most famous Indian victory @ Little Bighorn23
4653680103western farmingrely on irrigation, chemicals, and machinery24
4653680592california farmsrelied on migrant laborers from China, the Philippines, Japan, and Mexico25
4653680960western mining oilDiscovery of oil in LA 1892 Michigan iron ore & copper, gold & silver in California, Nevada and Colorado26
4653681069federal financed systemsirrigation and dams led to commercial farming, west would not become developed without federal financial assistance27
4653681870William Graham Sumner"Social Classes owe nothing to each other" "Gov only existed to protect 'property of men and honor of women' "28
4653682660JP Morgandeveloped US steel (giant corporation, combined 8 large steel companies into 1st billion $ economic enterprise29
4653684708poolsdivided markets between competing firms and fixed prices30

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