America's Gilded Age, 1870-1890
Dr. King-Owen, APUSH
4653512830 | Trusts | Firms or corporations that combine for the purpose of reducing competition and controlling prices (establishing a monopoly). There are anti-trust laws to prevent these monopolies, actions of rival companies managed by single director | 0 | |
4653512831 | Social Darwinism | A social theory which states that the level a person rises to in society and wealth is determined by their genetic background. | 1 | |
4653512837 | Sherman Anti-Trust Act | Banned combos & practices that prevented free trade, first federal action against monopolies. However, it was initially misused against labor unions. | 2 | |
4653512838 | Interstate Commerce Act | Ensure reasonable rates for railroads, did not offer more favorable treatment to others, Established the ICC (Interstate Commerce Commission) - monitors the business operation of carriers transporting goods and people between states - created to regulate railroad prices | 3 | |
4653512841 | Haymarket Square Riot, 1886 | Began as rally in support of striking workers in Illinois; however, someone threw a bomb at police which led to gunfire; 8 anarchists tried (4 convicted); marked decline of Knights of Labor | 4 | |
4653512842 | Knights of Labor | Founded in 1869 by Uriah S. Stephens and led by Terrence Powderly. Its goals were the establishment of the 8 hour work day and the abolition of child labor. Open membership to EVERYONE besides bankers, lawyers, gamblers, and liquor dealers. Collapsed after Haymarket Square Riot | 5 | |
4653512849 | Andrew Carnegie | A Scottish-born American industrialist and philanthropist who founded the Carnegie Steel Company in 1892. By 1901, his company dominated the American steel industry. He was a robber baron. | 6 | |
4653512850 | John D. Rockefeller | An American industrialist and philanthropist, in 1870, Rockefeller founded the Standard Oil Company. He often forced rival companies to sell out by drastically lowering his own prices. At one point he controlled 90% of the oil business. He became the world's richest man and first American billionaires, and was a robber baron. | 7 | |
4653512851 | Vertical integration | Practice where a single entity controls the entire process of a product, from the raw materials to distribution | 8 | |
4653512852 | Horizontal integration | Type of monopoly where a company buys out all of its competition. Ex. Rockefeller | 9 | |
4653512853 | Standard Oil | Established in 1870, it was a integrated multinational oil corporation lead by Rockefeller | 10 | |
4653512855 | Ghost Dance | Spiritual revival in 1890 by Indians that would lead to the massacre at Wounded Knee | 11 | |
4653512859 | Wounded Knee, 1890 | A battle between the U.S. Army and the Dakota Sioux, in which several hundred Native Americans and 29 U.S. soldiers died. Tensions erupted violently over two major issues: the Sioux practice of the "Ghost Dance," which the U.S. government had outlawed, and the dispute over whether Sioux reservation land would be broken up because of the Dawes Act. | 12 | |
4653512860 | Reservation Policy | is an area of land managed by a Native American tribe under the United States Department of the Interior's Bureau of Indian Affairs. Tribes would agree to live in clearly defined zones - reservations; In exchange they'd provide guidance and protection. In actuality, officials hoarded supplies and Indians were, malnourished, demoralized, and desperate. | 13 | |
4653512862 | Battle of Little Bighorn | In 1876, Indian leaders Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse (Sioux) defeated Custer's troops who tried to force them back on to the reservation, Custer and all his men died | 14 | |
4653512863 | Chief Joseph | Leader of Nez Perce. Fled with his tribe to Canada instead of reservations. However, US troops came and fought and brought them back down to reservations. Famous speech: "I Shall Fight No More." | 15 | |
4653512865 | Dawes Severalty Act | Bill that promised Indians tracts of land to farm in order to assimilate them into white culture. The bill was resisted, uneffective, and disastrous to Indian tribes | 16 | |
4653512866 | Homestead Act | 1862 - Provided free land in the West to anyone willing to settle there and develop it. Encouraged westward migration. | 17 | |
4653512868 | Frederick Jackson Turner | (1861 - 1932) known for The Significance of the Frontier in American History, where he stated that the spirit and success of the United States is directly tied to the country's westward expansion. According to Turner, the forging of the unique and rugged American identity occurred at the juncture between the civilization of settlement and the savagery of wilderness. | 18 | |
4653674694 | 1883 Civil Service Act | Merit system for federal employees, 1st step in making professional civil service & removing officeholding from hands of political machines | 19 | |
4653675564 | William M Tweed Organization | Reached into every neighborhood, Forged close ties w/ labor unions, railroad men, Won support from city's immigrants, Made private welfare system | 20 | |
4653676741 | 1884 Elk V Wilkins | Laws and treaties enabled to become American citizen if left tribes and assimilated into American culture/society, but in this case, the 14th and 15th amendment did not apply Unable to vote, denied "life, liberty, and property", | 21 | |
4653678062 | 1877-1879 Nez Perce | pursued by commissioner O.O. Howard (freedmen's Bureau), Planned to escape to Canada after fights with settlers, Settlers intruded tribal lands @ Oregon and Idaho | 22 | |
4653678724 | 1876 Sioux & Cheyenne | Led by Sitting Bull & Crazy horse, defended tribal and in Black Hills of Dakota Territory, land was invaded by whites after discovery of gold, most famous Indian victory @ Little Bighorn | 23 | |
4653680103 | western farming | rely on irrigation, chemicals, and machinery | 24 | |
4653680592 | california farms | relied on migrant laborers from China, the Philippines, Japan, and Mexico | 25 | |
4653680960 | western mining oil | Discovery of oil in LA 1892 Michigan iron ore & copper, gold & silver in California, Nevada and Colorado | 26 | |
4653681069 | federal financed systems | irrigation and dams led to commercial farming, west would not become developed without federal financial assistance | 27 | |
4653681870 | William Graham Sumner | "Social Classes owe nothing to each other" "Gov only existed to protect 'property of men and honor of women' " | 28 | |
4653682660 | JP Morgan | developed US steel (giant corporation, combined 8 large steel companies into 1st billion $ economic enterprise | 29 | |
4653684708 | pools | divided markets between competing firms and fixed prices | 30 |