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| 457779628 | Why did Western countries colonize? | 1) They were looking for markets and raw materials such as rubber, tin and oil for their industries 2) Colonies abroad could offer an advantage over rivals for national security 3) prestige | |
| 457779629 | Social Darwinism | The belief that in the struggle between nations for power the strongest (fittest) will survive | |
| 457779630 | Racism | The belief that race determines traits and capabilities. Racists erroneously believed that particular races were superior | |
| 457779631 | Moral responsibility | Europeans believed that they had a responsibility to civilize primitive people - "the white man's burden" - bringing the Christian message to the "heathen masses." | |
| 457779632 | Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles | 1819 - Great Britian sent him to found a new colony on a small island at the tip of the Malay Peninsula called Singapore ("city of the lion") in the new age of steamships. It soon became a major trade port going to or from China. | |
| 457779633 | Burma | Britain wanted a land route to China and to protect interests in India. | |
| 457779634 | Vietnam (Saigon, Hanoi) | France sets up a French Protectorate - a political unit that depends on another government for its protection. | |
| 457779635 | Thailand | The only Southeast Asia country to avoid colonization | |
| 457779636 | King Mongkut | The Thai King (portrayed in the movie The King & I) who brought western learning to Thailand and maintained good relations with western nations. France and Britain agreed to keep Thailand independent to act as a buffer between their two colonies | |
| 457779637 | King Chulalongkorn | Son of King Mongkut - followed father's policies above. | |
| 457779638 | Commodore George Dewey | Led US Naval forces and Defeated the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay. | |
| 457779639 | President William McKinley | President of the United States - wanted Phillippines to be an American colony instead of Spanish control. | |
| 457779640 | Senator Albert Beveridge | Support McKinley's desire to gain control of the Philli | |
| 457779641 | Emilio Aguinaldo | the leader of a movement for independence in the Phillipines. Began his revolt against the Spanish and went into exile in 1898. He continued revolt against the US. Made himself President of the Phillipines. Fought for three bloody years until US defeated guerrilla forces. | |
| 457779642 | Indirect Rule | Local rulers are allowed to keep their authority in the new colony. Access to natural resouces in the area was cheaper because fewer officials were needed to supervise and enforce rule - and it affected local culture less. | |
| 457779643 | Direct Rule | If a colony resisted new rule, then new officials from the conquoring country were put in place. | |
| 457779644 | Saya San | Buddist Monk led a peasant uprising against the British in Burma in 1930 | |
| 457779645 | Mohammad Ali | An officer of the Ottoman Empire who seized power and established a separate Egyptian state. Over the next 30 years he introduced reforms that brought Egypt into the modern world. | |
| 457779646 | Ferdinand de Lesseps | 1854 - French entrepreneuer signed a contract to begin building the Suez Canal. The canal was completed in 1869 | |
| 457779647 | Muhammad Ahmad | A Muslim cleric, also known as Mahdi ("the rightly guided one") launched a revolt that brought much of the control of the Sudan in south Egypt under his control. 1881 | |
| 457779648 | General Charles Gordon | The commander sent by Britain to restore Egyptian authority over the Sudan. Muhammad Ahmad's troops wiped out Gordon's army at Khartoum in 1885 | |
| 457779649 | David Livingston | An explorer who arrived in Africa in 1841 as a 27 year old medical missionary. Lived there for 30 years treking in unchartered regions and making notes of his discoveries. Major mission was to find a navigable river to open central Africa to commerce and christianity. | |
| 457779650 | Henry Stanley | A young journalist hired by the US paper, the New York Herald to find Livingston in Africa. Finding LIvingston alive and well he greeted him with "Dr. Livingston I presume?" | |
| 457779651 | King Leopold II | The driving force behind the colonization of Central Africa. He hired Stanly to set up Belgium settlements. Wanted trade and profit for his empire | |
| 457779652 | Otto Von Bismark | German Chancellor in 1885. Bismark supported German colonization only after public pressure to create a German Empire. | |
| 457779653 | The Boers | Also known as Afrikaners, were descendents of the original Dutch Settlers that occupied Cape Town in South Africa. They believed that white superiority was ordained by God. | |
| 457779654 | Indigenous | people native to the region | |
| 457779655 | Zulu | The people indigenous to South Africa. Battled with the Boers. | |
| 457779656 | Shaka | Zulu leader. | |
| 457779657 | Cecil Rhodes | Founder of diamond and gold companies in South Africa and became very wealthy. Believed in British expansion. Wanted to create a series of British colonies from Cape Town to Cairo. Tried to inspire a raid against the Transvaal government. Was forced to resign as head of Cape Town after it failed. | |
| 457779658 | Lobengula | Southern African King | |
| 457779659 | Queen Victoria | Queen of England. Took the title "Empress of India" in 1876. Said India was the "jewel in the crown." | |
| 457779660 | Lord Thomas Macaulay | British administrator and historian, set up schools, and government systems in India that used English. | |
| 457779661 | Mohandas Gandhi | Indian who went to South Africa to be educated and returned to India to lead an independece movement based on nonviolent resistance. Wanted independance for India. | |
| 457779662 | Balwantrao Gangadhar Tilak | A journalist who used innuendo (suggestion) to convey the negative feelings Indians had for the British without saying anything disloyal. | |
| 457779663 | G.S. Aiyar | Editor of the Indian paper Swadeshamitram (Friend of our own Nation) organized the Triplicane Literary Society for young Indian intellectuals to meet and discuss poetry and politics. | |
| 457779664 | Rabindranath Tagore | Famous Indian author and winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913. Set up a school that became an international university. Life mission is to promote pride in Indian nationalism inspite of British rule. | |
| 457779665 | Creoles | Descendants of Europeans who had permanently settled in Latin America. | |
| 457779666 | peninsulares | Spanish and Portuguese officials who resided temporarily in Latin America for political and economic gain. | |
| 457779667 | Francois-Dominique Toussaint-Louverture | Led more than 100,000 slaves in revolt and seized control of all Hispaniola (now Haiti). Haiti became the first independent state in Latin America | |
| 457779668 | Miguel Hidalgo | Hero of Mexican independence. A parish priest in a village outside of Mexico City, he led the people to free themselves from Spanish rule. | |
| 457779669 | Augustin de Iturbide | A creole military leader that became the first leader of Mexico. Declared himself emperor in 1822. Deposed in 1823 and Mexico became a republic. | |
| 457779670 | Jose de San Martin | From Argentina was a member of creole elite and led revolutions in South Africa. Argetina, Chile. Teamed up with Bolivar. | |
| 457779671 | Simon Bolivar | From Venezuela. Led revolution in Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador. Teamed up with San Martin | |
| 457779672 | Monroe Doctrine | A document that declared that the Americas were off limits for European colonization. Warned European nations to stay out. | |
| 457779673 | James Monroe | US President | |
| 457779674 | caudillos | strong leaders in Latin America who ruled by military force. | |
| 457779675 | Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna | Held the office of President in Mexico 11 different times between 1833 and 1855. Called himself the Napoleon of the West. American settlers in the West (around Texas) revolted against Santa Anna rule | |
| 457779676 | Benito Juarez | President of Mexico. Led the era of reform in Mexico from 1855 to 1876. Became a Mexican national hero. | |
| 457779677 | Juan Manuel de Rosas | Caudillo in Argentina. | |
| 457779678 | Sanchez Navarro family | possessed 17 estates in Mexico with 16 million acres. Too large to farm efficiently. | |
| 457779679 | Jose Marti | Left US to return to Cuba after his exile to lead a revolt against Spanish rule. Led to Spanish American War. | |
| 457779680 | Theodore Roosevelt | President of the US. Supported a rebellion that allowed Panama to separate from Colombia and establish a new nation. US built the Panama Canal. | |
| 457779681 | Porfirio Diaz | Ruled Mexico between 1877 and 1911. Was a dictator. Forced from office by Francisco Madero. | |
| 457779682 | Francisco Madero | Forced Diaz from power and tried to make the revolution work. | |
| 457779683 | Emiliano Zapata | Led Mexican revolution between 1910 and 1920. |
