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| 8665030180 | five elite views and founders | bureaucratic (weber) power elite (c.w.mills) class (marxist), pluralist (truman) creedal passion (samuel p huntington) | 0 | |
| 8665030181 | bureaucratic view | government is dominated by appointed officials; expertise and specialized competence | 1 | |
| 9473918155 | pork barrel legislation | laws passed by congress that appropriate money for local federal projects | 2 | |
| 9487847321 | pendleton act | government jobs would be based on ability | 3 | |
| 9487849904 | clayton act | targets corporate behaviors that reduce competition | 4 | |
| 9487855223 | federal judges tend to be | white, male,, protestant | 5 | |
| 9488164692 | how are judges selected | background, character, litmus test | 6 | |
| 9488169004 | litmus test | an examination of the political ideology of a nominated judge | 7 | |
| 9488184365 | in forma pauperis | a method whereby a poor person can have his or her case heard in federal court without charge | 8 | |
| 9488188014 | amicus curiae | a brief submitted by a "friend of the court" a legal document submitted by a person or group that is not involved directly in the particular action. | 9 | |
| 9473930737 | log rolling | an agreement by two or more lawmakers to support each other's bills | 10 | |
| 8665030182 | power elite view | few top leaders | 11 | |
| 8665040813 | class view | government reflects underlying economic sources | 12 | |
| 8665047430 | pluralist view | no specific group/person rules, bargaining and compromise | 13 | |
| 8665064231 | creedal passion | morally passionate elites bring important change | 14 | |
| 8665079370 | types of politics | majoritarian, client, interest group, entrepreneurial | 15 | |
| 8665082844 | majoritarian politics and conditions | widely dispersed power everybody pays, constrained leaders clear, simple, feasible | 16 | |
| 8665132321 | interest group politics | small group benefits, one small group pays powerful affects on both sides | 17 | |
| 8665138365 | client politics | small group benefits, everyone pays indifference in distributed costs pork barrel - log rolling | 18 | |
| 8665150399 | entrepreneurial politics | everybody benefits, small group pays not adopted often | 19 | |
| 8665156767 | political agenda and how it's impacted | issues public wants govt to address - elite speech, importance of events, custom and tradition, shared political values | 20 | |
| 8665174487 | ways political agenda is influenced without public demand | small groups, state govts, institutions, media | 21 | |
| 8665176725 | who governs? to what ends? | two separate questions who governs? - rulers affect us to what ends? - impact of govt | 22 | |
| 8665187996 | chapter 12: media cases | branzberg v hayes, hazelwood v kuhlmeier, nyt v us nyt v sullivan gertz v robert welch inc curtis publishing v butts near v minnesota nebraska press v stuart | 23 | |
| 8665199197 | branzberg v hayes | drugs revealing sources is a compelling state interest | 24 | |
| 8665204668 | near v minnesota | police / gangsters minnesota gag law prior restraint | 25 | |
| 8665211023 | nyt v sullivan | MLK, Alabama actual malice/ reckless disregard | 26 | |
| 8665312261 | nebraska press v stuart | murder case access no prior restraint | 27 | |
| 8665321119 | curtis publishing v butts | football public officials cant file | 28 | |
| 8665328027 | gertz v robert welch inc | private individuals can be compensated for anything under reckless disregard | 29 | |
| 8665335429 | history of american political journalism | expensive newspapers industrialization = cheap readership neutral journalism and competition radio and tv = easier to avoid media internet | 30 | |
| 8665359560 | roles of media | gatekeeper - which media is seen scorekeeper- providing coverage, mention candidates watchdog- watch legislation and legislators to expose scandals | 31 | |
| 8665376891 | local news has ____ in funding | decreased | 32 | |
| 8665379304 | types of confidentiality | on/off record on background on deep background | 33 | |
| 8665383224 | where do american's get their news? does this matter? | mostly tv, becoming internet - affects bias levels | 34 | |
| 8666488959 | legitimacy for americans | only viable if its democratic | 35 | |
| 8666491702 | democracy | rule of the many | 36 | |
| 8666496389 | pork barrel legislation and log rolling in client politics | pork - giving benefits in exchange for support log- rolling: legislator giving support in exchange for support | 37 | |
| 8666588300 | 5 elements of the political american view | liberty equality (in chances) civic duty democracy (in govt action) individual responsibility | 38 | |
| 8666646075 | religious leanings for other countries v america | other countries (orthodox) - success out of our control america (progressive) - children should be taught hard work and religious morality | 39 | |
| 8666658049 | effect of religion on civic duties | more charity donations more community work | 40 | |
| 8666674997 | political culture | way one thinks politics and economics should be carried out | 41 | |
| 8666679614 | two contributors of political culture | families and churches | 42 | |
| 8666689450 | america's relationship w the government v other countries | question authority will of the majority value individualism not social harmony | 43 | |
| 8666702073 | recite the preamble | in order to form a more perfect union establish justice ensure domestic tranquility provide for the common defense support the general welfare secure the blessings of liberty | 44 | |
| 8666793174 | how government achieves it's goals | federalism representative democracy bill of rights | 45 | |
| 8666804686 | Must be considered that the government's goal is to achieve certain sustainable goals NOT creating legislations for what people want from day to day | 46 | ||
| 8666807331 | opinion saliency | level of how much or how little an issue is cared about | 47 | |
| 8666807337 | opinion stability | consistency of ones stance on an issue | 48 | |
| 8666814289 | opinion-policy congruence | how well govt matches w public opinion | 49 | |
| 8666824733 | some state and federal powers | national- national guard, interstate commerce, declare war, tax state- election choices, intrastate commerce, maintain schools, local govt's | 50 | |
| 8666840466 | when are permanent political attitudes often developed | late teens/early 20's | 51 | |
| 8666845306 | factors determining public opinion | demographics, family, partisanship, socialization, political ideology | 52 | |
| 8666883160 | weaknesses in the articles of confederation | no way to levy taxes no national defense no uniform currency no drafting soldiers no permanent executive, judicial branch amending articles required all states approval each state only had one vote | 53 | |
| 8666890891 | colonial mind | politicians were corrupt unalienable rights | 54 | |
| 8667027205 | strengths of the articles of confederation | congress could borrow money and enter into alliances and create postal system and declare war, make peace | 55 | |
| 8667038897 | framers | 55 delegates who came to the constitutional convention | 56 | |
| 8667040877 | constitutional convention plans proposed | virginia and new jersey plan | 57 | |
| 8667054297 | differences between virginia and new jersey plan | virginia- bicameral and citizen voted rather then state voted congress | 58 | |
| 8667071479 | federalism | shared powers between state and federal govt | 59 | |
| 8667073809 | enumerated powers and examples | fed government powers declare war, make treaties | 60 | |
| 8667073811 | reserved powers and examples | state powers issue licenses an regulate intrastate commerce | 61 | |
| 8667084996 | articles and what they do in the preamble | 1 - legislative branch 2- executive 3-judicial 4-relations among states 5- amending constitution 6-national supremacy 7-ratification procedure Lazy Elephants jump slowly and sleep regularly | 62 | |
| 8667107127 | checks and balances, and powers of each branch | executive (enforces laws) - can veto congress law and appoint judges legislative (makes laws) - can impeach president, override veto w 2/3, impeach judges, add amendments judicial interpret laws) - judicial review over laws and actions | 63 | |
| 8667154559 | thomas hobbes | absolute monarchy | 64 | |
| 8667163425 | john locke | constitutional monarchies | 65 | |
| 8667166672 | dual federalism | national and state are all powerful in their own spheres | 66 | |
| 8668608305 | Marbury v Madison | Established judicial review new Justice fight thing | 67 | |
| 8668611523 | US v Lopez | national poicy of Gun Free School Zones Act exceeded Congress' authority to regulate interstate commerce. | 68 | |
| 8668617918 | US v Morrison | Court case that declared violence against women act unconstitutional (no relation to commerce) | 69 | |
| 8668632605 | Federalist #10 | argued that separation of powers and federalism check the growth of tyranny republican government prevents factionalism | 70 | |
| 8668636096 | Federalist #51 | Separation of powers & checks & balances protects against tyranny | 71 | |
| 8668639966 | Federalist #78 | Courts have no force or will, merely judgement and therefore least dangerous to political rights Written by hamilton establishes judicial review | 72 | |
| 8668659281 | Senators are chosen by | popular vote | 73 | |
| 8668661730 | President is chosen by | electors | 74 | |
| 8668669176 | habeus corpus | principle that a person cannot be held in prison without first being charged with a specific crime | 75 | |
| 8668669204 | ex post facto | A law that makes an act criminal although the act was legal when it was committed | 76 | |
| 8668671653 | bill of attainder | a law that punishes a person accused of a crime without a trial or a fair hearing in court | 77 | |
| 8668869970 | Black people are less likely to think ____ is essential for a person to be moral | being religious | 78 | |
| 8669060703 | examples of conflicts over civil liberties | funeral protests, sedition act (false govt statements), espionage and sedition acts (military), smith act (communists) | 79 | |
| 8669074629 | 14th amendment | due process, equal protection | 80 | |
| 8669108415 | selective incorporation | process where court applied bill of rights to states | 81 | |
| 8669111169 | gitlow v new york | supreme court says the first amendment applies to states regarding free speech (overthrowing the govt) | 82 | |
| 8669201371 | wolf v colorado | unreasonable search and seizure | 83 | |
| 8669201375 | mapp v ohio | warrantless searches and seizures (obscene pictures) | 84 | |
| 8669207431 | gideon v wainwright | right to an attorney | 85 | |
| 8669228819 | types of speech not fully protected by the constitution | libels, obscenity, symbolic speech, fighting words | 86 | |
| 8669259140 | schenk v us | clear and present danger test | 87 | |
| 8669264122 | lemon test | 3 prong test - secular purpose, no government infringement, no advancing or inhibiting religion | 88 | |
| 8669369088 | texas v johnson | flag burning is protected | 89 | |
| 8669370757 | miller v california | obscenity must have artistic value case | 90 | |
| 8669381162 | lemon v kurtzman | separation of church and state | 91 | |
| 8669388636 | miranda v arizona | right to remain silent | 92 | |
| 8669435330 | when voting rights were acquired for women, black males, young people (not just an amendment), freedom for slaves, equal protection | 13th- slavery 14th-natural born citizenship 15th- black vote 26th- youth vote (Voting Act of 1970) 19th- women vote | 93 | |
| 8669507139 | dred scott v sandford | slaves were property | 94 | |
| 8669515440 | types of standards | reasonableness gender, age, income intermediate strict- race, religion, ethnicity | 95 | |
| 8669540594 | roe v wade | right to have an abortion | 96 | |
| 8669635988 | bakke v ucla | quota isn't constitutional but diversity is | 97 | |
| 8669654263 | case that gave gay couples the right to marry | obergefell v hodges | 98 | |
| 8669659229 | how government has tried to end discrimination | fed spending, troops, law enforcement | 99 | |
| 8669668499 | how is public opinion measured? | polls and scientific data | 100 | |
| 8669677960 | Relationship between public opinion and public policy | when opinion changes, so does policy | 101 | |
| 8669684365 | political efficacy | trust in government | 102 | |
| 8676743084 | iron triangles | relationship between a bureaucracy, an interest group, and a congressional committee |  | 103 |
| 8676757727 | presidential vetos are ____ overridden by Congress | rarely | 104 | |
| 8676762656 | interest groups will usually have congressional influence if their issues are | narrow | 105 | |
| 8676769621 | electorates ____ vote | rarely | 106 | |
| 8676846372 | Griswold v Connecticut | contraceptives right of privacy | 107 | |
| 8676848454 | Rostker v Goldberg | draft, men but not women | 108 | |
| 8676854965 | some gender based differences that are and arent allowed | arent: drinking age, adulthood age, retirement benefits are: gendered schools, property tax exemption, statutory rape | 109 | |
| 8676862397 | symbolic speech cases are determined on a _____ | case by case basis | 110 | |
| 8676863416 | de jure v de facto segregation | ruled by court, not by law | 111 | |
| 8676865051 | quidproquo | something given in exchange or return for something else | 112 | |
| 8676868251 | jim crow laws and some clauses | grandfather clause, poll tax, literacy test | 113 | |
| 8676963342 | types of participants and what they do | inactives-nothing voting specialists-vote campaigners-vote+campaign communalists- community activities, dislike campaigns and are non partisan parochial participants- only contact officials for personal issues activists | 114 | |
| 8676965817 | basic voting trends-race, gender, education, religion | blacks and whites vote nearly the same, hispanics less higher education = higher voting women vote more church goers vote more | 115 | |
| 8677005227 | why voter turnout is decreasing | drop in party competitiveness and lower turnout = more honest ballot count | 116 | |
| 8677008749 | factors of non voting | political apathy low registration (get out the vote measures) more elections = voter fatigue | 117 | |
| 8677012339 | Australian ballot | government printed cast in secret | 118 | |
| 8677014074 | history of political parties | federalists/antifederalists jacksonian: conventions and higher participation civil war: mugwumps and modern republican Era of reform decrease in party bosses polarization/resurgence: more defined ideologies and partisanship | 119 | |
| 8677018903 | three functions of parties | recruiting candidates nominating candidates: primaries helping candidates win elections | 120 | |
| 8677040470 | reasons why we have a two party system | winner take all/plurality system easier for voters many states only allowed two parties for a long time | 121 | |
| 8677084949 | plurality system | electoral process in which the candidate who polls more votes than any other candidate is elected | 122 | |
| 8677086268 | winner take all system | electoral system in which whoever wins the most votes in an election wins the election - whoever gets most votes in a state gets all the electoral votes | 123 | |
| 8677087419 | caucus | a closed meeting of party leaders to select party candidates | 124 | |
| 8677105618 | difference between political parties in the us vs elsewhere | ballot control (run by parties elsewhere) divided legislature and executive in us federalism (national parties made up of local powers) | 125 | |
| 8677184004 | political parties are arranged in ___, ___, and ___ levels | national state local | 126 | |
| 8677185184 | political machines | a party organization that recruits members by dispensing patronage | 127 | |
| 8677189241 | two major influences of partisanship | political environment and parent's partisanship | 128 | |
| 8677294115 | factors of primaries | media influence (showing people candidates) and bandwagon effect (unexpected future success by attracting recognition) | 129 | |
| 8677297746 | primary process | invisible primary, primaries, party convention | 130 | |
| 8677302703 | voters usually hold () accountable for issues | president | 131 | |
| 8677308632 | valence v positional issue | everyone agrees (economy) v people dont (guns) | 132 | |
| 8677345058 | factors of campaigns | character partisanship health of nation | 133 | |
| 8677348325 | ads ___ voter turnout ads are negative because ___ | dont change they're more informative | 134 | |
| 8677351123 | how do voters learn about candidates | conventions and debates | 135 | |
| 8677352979 | african americans are ______ democrats | the most loyal | 136 | |
| 9672693071 | litigation | the process of a lawsuit | 137 | |
| 8677353767 | incumbency advantages | recognition fundraising retrospective credibility ability to constituency (pork barrel legislation) franking privilege | 138 | |
| 8677358075 | coattails | The influence or pulling power of a popular president. | 139 | |
| 8677358689 | surge and decline | top of ticket advantage, lack of interest | 140 | |
| 8677359587 | sources of campaign money for presidential candidates and congressional candidates | presidential: private donors + govt congressional - all private | 141 | |
| 8677372717 | pacs | a private group that raises and distributes funds for use in election campaigns. | 142 | |
| 8677374590 | soft money | money raised by a political party for general purposes, not designated for a candidate | 143 | |
| 8677376223 | campaign finance reform act of 2002 | banned soft money, limited individual contributions | 144 | |
| 8677377768 | 527 organizations | raise and spend money for political causes (permits soft money) | 145 | |
| 8677378947 | 501(c)3 group | nonprofit | 146 | |
| 8677381187 | 501(c)4 group | social welfare (unlimited spending) | 147 | |
| 8677389324 | why don't people join interest groups | free rider problem - tendency to avoid contributing to public goods | 148 | |
| 8677391594 | types of incentives and what they mean | solidary- social rewards material- money, monetary termed things purposive- benefit from serving a cause | 149 | |
| 8677477687 | Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act | Requiring govt registration to lobby little effect, no enforcement to register | 150 | |
| 8682126950 | earmarks | federally funded local projects attached to bills passed through congress | 151 | |
| 8682148379 | requirements to be senator | a Senator must be at least 30, must be a U.S. citizen for at least 9 years, and must be an inhabitant of the state they represent. | 152 | |
| 8682148450 | requirements to be a representative | be at least twenty-five years old; (2) have been a citizen of the United States for the past seven years; and (3) be (at the time of the election) an inhabitant of the state they represent. | 153 | |
| 8682170817 | libertarianism | a political ideology that emphasizes freedom and voluntary association with small government | 154 | |
| 8682174243 | liberalism | A belief that government can and should achieve justice and equality of opportunity. | 155 | |
| 8682233710 | engel v vitale | banned formal prayer in schools, goverment would not make any religion the 'official' religion. | 156 | |
| 8682304886 | 17th amendment | direct election of senators | 157 | |
| 8682361526 | oligarchy | government by a few | 158 | |
| 8687896405 | judicial review | review by the US Supreme Court of the constitutional validity of a legislative act. | 159 | |
| 8687907560 | filibuster | senate floor stalling to vote on bill | 160 | |
| 9461741263 | what ends a filibuster and by how many votes | cloture rule, 3/5 of sworn senators | 161 | |
| 8688009262 | open seat | an elected position for which there is no incumbent | 162 | |
| 8688057948 | reapportionment | the process of reassigning representation based on population, after every census every 10 years | 163 | |
| 8688078587 | elastic clause and location | necessary and proper Article I section VII | 164 | |
| 8688148394 | administrative law | law established by the bureaucracy, on behalf of Congress rules and regulations set by government agencies | 165 | |
| 8688386389 | eminent domain | the right of government to take private property for public use | 166 | |
| 8688423386 | fiscal federalism | the pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system | 167 | |
| 8688633906 | initiative | A procedure by which voters can propose a law or a constitutional amendment. | 168 | |
| 8688639287 | recall | procedure whereby voters can remove an elected official from office | 169 | |
| 8688633907 | referendum | procedure enabling voters to reject a measure passed by the legislature | 170 | |
| 8688682187 | how do interest groups influence elections | encourage members to vote influence party platforms campaign and contribute money through pacs | 171 | |
| 9208512161 | presidential roles as chief legislator | shape policy through reviewing legislative ation -like rejecting and signing bills - calling congress into a special session | 172 | |
| 9208512162 | bully pulpit | presidents use of prestige and visibility to guide or enthuse the american public | 173 | |
| 9208514816 | appropriating | spending bills passed by congress allocating certain amounts of funds to different agencies | 174 | |
| 9208517315 | divided/unified govt | presidency and congress are controlled by same/different parties | 175 | |
| 9208521434 | swing states and how presidential candidates deal w them | states that could decide the elections Advertisements, campaign there mmore | 176 | |
| 9208521435 | civil rights v civil liberties | protections against other people versus protections against the government | 177 | |
| 9208574578 | 5th amendment | due process, eminent domain, jury, self incrimination, double jeopardy | 178 | |
| 9208720807 | foreign policy powers held by Congress and Exec | congress- approve treaties (senate), declare war, power of the purse, passing laws related to foreign policy, confirming cabinet and ambassador appointments president- make treaties, approve ambassadors, commander-in-chief, receiving ambassadors, appointing cabinet officers and heads of administrative agencies | 179 | |
| 9208751613 | party polarization | the division between the two major parties on most policy issues | 180 | |
| 9208753840 | gridlock | A situation in which government is incapable of acting on important issues. | 181 | |
| 9208877455 | types of committees | standing, joint, conference, select | 182 | |
| 9208904540 | House Rules Committee | the committee that determines how and when debate on a bill will take place | 183 | |
| 9208933208 | bureaucracy | A large, complex organization composed of appointed officials | 184 | |
| 9461117097 | indirect democracy | representative democracy | 185 | |
| 9461153502 | difference between a monarchy and a dictatorship | divine right (kings, queens, emperors), versus takeover by force (military, rebellion) | 186 | |
| 9461176222 | purposes of government | establish justice, ensure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, support the general welfare and, secure the blessings of liberty | 187 | |
| 9461184878 | pluralist theory of democracy and examples | -competition among all affected parties shape policy -nongovernmental groups exert influence - interest groups, coalitions | 188 | |
| 9461202151 | elite theory of democracy and examples | dominated by a few nongovernmental leaders - military officials, labor-union leaders a theory of government and politics contending that societies are divided along class lines and that an upper-class elite will rule | 189 | |
| 9461206385 | hyper-pluralism theory of democracy and examples | groups are so strong that government is weakened (groups like super PAC's are more powerful than others that it becomes ungovernable) | 190 | |
| 9461299590 | john locke's influence on the DoI | natural/unalienable rights, life liberty, property | 191 | |
| 9461326644 | popular sovereignty | consent of the governed rules government | 192 | |
| 9461333570 | limited government | government structure in which government actions are limited by law | 193 | |
| 9461336444 | checks and balances | authority shared by three branches of government | 194 | |
| 9461347768 | full faith and credit clause | documents in your state are recognized in every state | 195 | |
| 9461360033 | supremacy clause and location | national overrules state - article IV | 196 | |
| 9461372731 | due process | fair treatment under law | 197 | |
| 9461382716 | suffrage amendments | 15, 19, 26 | 198 | |
| 9461406668 | inter/intrastate commerce | between states/in one state | 199 | |
| 9461452469 | implied power examples | national bank, military draft | 200 | |
| 9461456320 | inherent power examples | deport illegal immigrants recognize a country | 201 | |
| 9461478719 | example of concurrent powers | collecting tax, passing laws, establishing courts | 202 | |
| 9461486420 | precedent of Gibbons v Ogden | supremacy clause and commerce clause f | 203 | |
| 9461516581 | project grants | awarded on the basis of competitive applications (categorical) | 204 | |
| 9461525690 | functions of political parties | monitor successful candidates provide conduct basis for gov't watch over conduct of public's business -Nominating, informing and activating supporters, bonding agent, governing, and watch dog | 205 | |
| 9461544604 | partisanship | individual's party identification | 206 | |
| 9461570078 | party dealignment | gradual disengagement of people from the parties, as seen in part by shrinking party identification | 207 | |
| 9461586625 | why did pac's begin and what do they do | created as a loophole to contribute to candidates after contributions from labor unions were prohibited after the taft-hartley act - they spend money to elect/defeat candidates | 208 | |
| 9461652656 | McCain-Feingold Ac and what is still relevant today | Meant to limit soft money, corporations and labor unions cannot run ads mentioning candidates and positions 60 days before general election | 209 | |
| 9461659715 | precedent of Buckley v Valeo case | Limiting political campaign contributions is okay, restricting personal candidate usage of money is not | 210 | |
| 9461662410 | Federal elections committee | regulatory agency who eforces campaign finance laws | 211 | |
| 9461666041 | citizen united v FEC | overturned prohibition of campaign ads from corporate and union funding | 212 | |
| 9461678984 | why do representatives have a higher reelection rate than senators | more well known, have more campaign cash, and can gerrymander | 213 | |
| 9461696645 | single member districts | contests in which only one candidate is elected to each office on the ballot | 214 | |
| 9461699101 | safe seats | an elected office that is predictably won by one party or another; leads to less competition | 215 | |
| 9461704581 | electoral college | representatives of each state who cast the final ballots that actually elect a president | 216 | |
| 9461721422 | national convention | nomination of presidential candidate | 217 | |
| 9461723784 | redistricting | dividing state into sections and districts according to number of representatives | 218 | |
| 9461726916 | conference committee | special joint committee created to reconcile differences in bills passed by the House and Senate | 219 | |
| 9461728874 | iron triangle | A close relationship between an agency, a congressional committee, and an interest group | 220 | |
| 9461754895 | how a bill becomes a law | introduced to congress standing committee referred back to floor debate is scheduled debate is held vote held new act is sent to other chamber conference committee settles differences sent to president (if president vetoes), congress can overrule with 2/3 | 221 | |
| 9461787358 | options president can take after Congress passes a bill | pocket veto line-item veto veto-message sign | 222 | |
| 9461790655 | qualifications for president | born in us at least 35 at least 14 years of residence | 223 | |
| 9461853983 | expressed roles of president | commander-in-chief, convene congress in special sessions, grant reprieves and pardons, receive ambassadors | 224 | |
| 9461856773 | expressed role of vice president | presiding officer of the senate | 225 | |
| 9461858962 | reprieve | withdrawal of any sentence for a period of time | 226 | |
| 9461860691 | nixons pardon was laid out by | ford | 227 | |
| 9461867276 | office of management and budget | the executive agency that advises the President on the federal budget | 228 | |
| 9461870330 | national security council | organization within the EOP that provides foreign policy advice to the president | 229 | |
| 9461870331 | exit polling | election related questions asked after voters vote | 230 | |
| 9461873087 | budget deficit | a situation in which the government spends more than it takes in | 231 | |
| 9461874676 | national debt | the amount of money a national government owes to other governments or its people | 232 | |
| 9461878825 | entitlements | benefits to which every eligible person has a legal right and that the government cannot deny | 233 | |
| 9461884732 | discretionary spending | spending that is not required to pay for contracts, national debt interest, or entitlement programs | 234 | |
| 9461896552 | Hatch Act | A federal law prohibiting government employees from active participation in partisan politics. | 235 | |
| 9461899239 | department of state | foreign policy | 236 | |
| 9461902140 | department of homeland security | 9/11 terrorism and border security | 237 | |
| 9461905927 | department of the interior | manages and protects the nation's public lands and natural resources | 238 | |
| 9461909943 | federal reserve system | REGULATES supply of money and price of money : 7 member board appointed by president, 14 yr term sets MONETARY POLICY | 239 | |
| 9475542531 | how does the Fed implement monetary policy | Buys and sells fed govt securities Regulate amount of money that a member bank keeps in hand as reserves Changing the interest charged to banks | 240 | |
| 9475515971 | monetary policy | managing the economy by altering the supply of money and interest rates | 241 | |
| 9461949149 | government corporation and 3 examples | a business owned and operated by the federal government -PBS, Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae | 242 | |
| 9461968761 | independent regulatory agency | federal agencies created by an act of Congress that are independent of the executive departments - responsible for different sectors of the economy,and making and enforcing rules designed to protect the public interest | 243 | |
| 9461973693 | issue network | dc based interest groups, congressional staff, universities, and mass media, debating issues | 244 | |
| 9461977004 | fiscal policy | managing the economy by the use of tax and spending laws | 245 | |
| 9461993198 | who is in charge of making fiscal policy | congress | 246 | |
| 9462052524 | role of OMB in federal budget | prepare estimates of the amount that will be spent by federal agencies | 247 | |
| 9462054608 | role of CBO in federal budget | calculates who is eligible for benefit programs and how the economy would be affected after legislation | 248 | |
| 9462097796 | how Dems v Reps want to shrink the federal budget deficit | dems: tax the wealthy, cut military spending reps: education and welfare, spending cuts | 249 | |
| 9462102185 | roles interest groups play in shaping public policies | lobbying govt, educating the public, iron triangles, mobilization, working for election activities | 250 | |
| 9462109125 | why do policies dramatically change, cite a historic examples | 251 | ||
| 9462116430 | how public opinion is used to shape public policies | 252 | ||
| 9462352355 | adversary culture | expanded personal rights, defense of rights, and political action are given central importance | 253 | |
| 9462383099 | red tape | complex bureaucratic rules and procedures that must be followed to get something done | 254 | |
| 9462386627 | bureaucracy is largely a product of two events: | great depression and wwii | 255 | |
| 9462395179 | the first great financial boom for the government game from | wwii | 256 | |
| 9462403754 | administrative discretion | the authority of administrative actors to select among various responses to a given problem | 257 | |
| 9462541054 | plum book | lists top federal jobs available for direct presidential appointment | 258 | |
| 9485402205 | expressed powers of congress | lay and collect taxes regulate interstate commerce establish uniform standards for weights and measures declare war | 259 | |
| 9485402206 | casework | Assistance given to constituents by congressional members, answering questions/doing favors | 260 | |
| 9485402207 | ways congress limits executive power | power of the purse, overriding veto, declare war | 261 | |
| 9485402208 | informal power congress has to check authority | legislative oversight | 262 | |
| 9485402209 | legislative oversight | conduct investigations, hold hearings, | 263 | |
| 9663172255 | current debated issue between state and federal government | education | 264 | |
| 9664051325 | difference between participatory and pluralist democracy | participatory, individual partipates in legislative process: emphasizes individual participation by citizens in the political system directly on issues that affect their lives. pluralist: individual works through a group (interest group) | 265 | |
| 9664115585 | origination of tax bills | house floor | 266 | |
| 9664145912 | if entitlement costs grow, discretionary spending must ___ | decrease unless there is an increase in tax revenues or the budget deficit. | 267 | |
| 9664283106 | holds | refusing to confirm a presidential appointment indefinitely | 268 | |
| 9665297329 | how legislative branch can limit judicial power | pass legislation changing it's jurisdiction | 269 | |
| 9665658023 | bureaucratic discretion | bureaucrats' use of their own judgment in interpreting and carrying out the laws of Congress | 270 | |
| 9677142982 | how congress can limit judicial independence | Proposing constitutional amendments or passing legislation • Impeaching justices • Setting the operating budget of the Supreme Court • Increasing or decreasing the number of justices • Changing the appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court | 271 | |
| 9677152212 | how president can limit judicial independence | Refusing to enforce judicial decisions • Proposing legislation or issuing executive orders to limit the effect of Supreme Court decisions • Making public statements/exerting pressure | 272 | |
| 9665673000 | entitlement spending | mandatory spending of federal budget | 273 | |
| 9665675134 | entitlement programs v discretionary programs | entitlement, have to be paid, not limited | 274 | |
| 9665700928 | net interest | interest paid by business | 275 | |
| 9665702472 | interest | the price paid for the use of borrowed money | 276 | |
| 9665748699 | benefits of federalism | 277 | ||
| 9667022251 | causes of party polarization | 278 |
