Terms : Hide Images
| 94046071 | concurrent powers | Powers that the Constitution gives to both the national and state governments, such as the power to levy taxes. | |
| 94046072 | unitary government | A centralized government in which all government powers belong to a single, central agency. most common in the world | |
| 94046073 | Confederal government | states hold power over a limited national goverment | |
| 94046074 | full faith and credit clause | Constitution's requirement that each state accept the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state | |
| 94046075 | privileges and immunities clause | The constitutional provision prohibiting state governments from discriminating against the citizens of other states. promote commerce between states | |
| 94046076 | doctrine of interposition | The idea that if the national government passes an unconstitutional law, the people of the states (through their state legislature) can declare the law void. This idea has provided the basis for southern secession and the Civil War. | |
| 94046077 | states' right | the idea that states are entitled to a certain amount of self government, free of federal intervention. Led to civil war | |
| 94046078 | dual federalism | favored by chief justice Roger Taney in which national and state governments are seen as distinct entities providing separate services. Limits power of national gov. | |
| 94046079 | commerce clause powers | The powers of Congress to regulate the economy granted in Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution. | |
| 94046080 | cooperative federalism | A system of government in which powers and policy assignments are shared between states and the national government. They may also share costs, administration, and even blame for programs that work poorly. | |
| 94046081 | picket fence federalism | A model of federalism in which specific programs and policies (depicted as vertical pickets in a picket fence) involve all levels of government - national, state, and local (depicted by the horizontal boards in a picket fence). | |
| 94046082 | fiscal federalism | a form of federalism in which federal funds are allocated to the lower levels of government through transfer payments of grants | |
| 94046083 | categorical grants | Federal grants that can be used only for specific purposes or "categories," of state and local spending. They come with strings attached, such as nondiscrimination provisions. Compare to block grants. | |
| 94046084 | block grants | Grants of money from the federal government to states for programs in certain general areas rather than for specific kinds of programs. | |
| 94046085 | general revenue sharing | the most comprehensive of block grants, which gives money to state and local governments to be used for any purpose whatsoever | |
| 94046086 | unfunded mandates | actions imposed by the federal or state government on lower levels of government which are not accompanied by the money needed to fund the action required. | |
| 94046087 | coercive federalism | a form of federalism in which the federal government pressures the states to change their policies by using regulations, mandates, and conditions. | |
| 94046088 | federal preemptions | Impositions of national priorities on the states through national legislation that is based on the Constitution's supremacy clause. | |
| 94046089 | competitive federalism | competition between states to provide the best policies to attract businesses and create jobs through policies they adopt | |
| 94046090 | states' sovereign immunity | 11th amendment state government cannot be sued in federal court | |
| 94046091 | remedial legislation | National laws that address discriminatory state laws. Authority for such legislation comes from Section 5 of the 14th Amendment. | |
| 94084317 | political opinion | citizens views on politics and government actions. | |
| 94084319 | level of conceptualization | the amount of complexity in an individual's beliefs about government and policy, and the extent to which these beliefs are consistent with each other and remain consistent over time. | |
| 94084320 | liberal-conservative ideology | a way of describing political beliefs in terms of a position on the spectrum running from a liberal to a moderate to a conservative | |
| 94084322 | latent opinion | An opinion formed on the spot, when it is needed (as distinct from a deeply held opinion that is stable over time) | |
| 94084324 | on-line processing | a way of forming political opinion in which a person develops a preference regarding a candidate, party or policy but does not remember the original reasons behind the preference | |
| 94084326 | consideration | the many pieces of information a person uses to form an opinion | |
| 94084328 | political socialization | the factors that determine voting behavior such as family, religion, and ethnic background | |
| 94084330 | mass survey | A way to measure public opinion by interviewing a large sample of the population | |
| 94084332 | population | the group of people that a researcher of pollster wants to study | |
| 94084334 | sample | within a population the group of people surveyed in order to gauge the whole population's opinion. Researchers use samples because it would be impossible to interview the entire population | |
| 94084336 | issue scale | A survey response format in which respondents select their answers from a range of positions between to extremes. | |
| 94084338 | random sample | a sample in which everyone in the target population has the same chance of being included in the study. Increase accuracy of the sample | |
| 94084340 | sampling error | a calculation that describes what percentage of the people surveyed may not accurately represent the population being studied. Increased number of respondents lowers sampling error. | |
| 94084342 | random digit dialing | a technique used by pollsters to place telephone calls randomly to both listed and unlisted numbers when conducting a survey. | |
| 94084344 | robo-poll | a type of survey in which a computer program rather than a live questioner, interviews respondents by telephone | |
| 94084345 | ideological polarization | The effect on public opinion when many citizens move away from moderate positions and toward either end of the political spectrum, identifying themselves as either liberals or conservatives | |
| 94084347 | policy mood | The level of public support for expanding the government's role in society; whether the public wants government action on a specific issue. |
